Interactive sculpting of product shape based on constraint manipulation in virtual environment

In product concept design, not only designers with professional CAD skills, but also final customers take part in the design and evaluation of product shape styling. Because customers usually lack surface modelling background and are not familiar with concrete operations of commercial CAD systems, it is difficult for them to express their change intentions of product shape through professional CAD tools if they are not satisfied with the current shape design. This paper puts forward a method for creating, dragging and manipulating constraint and load represented in form of icon entity in interactive sculpting of product shape in virtual environment. The method supports customers manipulation of sculpting constraints or loads on sculpting shapes in virtual reality interaction to control the deformation of product shape. Constraints management based on icon entity is similar to spline lofting operation that is familiar to engineers, so users do not need to know surface details or have any professional knowledge of surface modelling, by only using their physical and engineering experience, they can manipulate the sculpting of product shape intuitively.

Impedance force control for position controlled robotic manipulators under the constraint of unknown environments

A force control strategy for position controlled robotic manipulators is presented. On line force feedback data are employed to estimate the local shape of the unknown constraint. The estimated vectors are used to generate the virtual reference trajectory for the target impedance model that is driven by the force error to produce command position. By following the command position trajectory the robotic manipulator can follow the unknown constraint surface while keeping an acceptable force error in a manner depicted by the target impedance model. Computer simulation on a 3 linked planar manipulator and experimental studies on an Adept 3, an SCARA type robotic manipulator, are conducted to verify the force tracking capability of the proposed control strategy.

Barrier Lyapunov functions-based dynamic surface control with tracking error constraints for ammunition manipulator electro-hydraulic system

This paper focuses on the dynamic tracking control of ammunition manipulator system. A standard state space model for the ammunition manipulator electro-hydraulic system(AMEHS) with inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties considered was established. To simultaneously suppress the violation of tracking error constraints and the complexity of differential explosion, a barrier Lyapunov functionsbased dynamic surface control(BLF-DSC) method was proposed for the position tracking control of the ammunition manipulator. Theoretical analysis prove the stability of the closed-loop overall system and the tracking error converges to a prescribed neighborhood asymptotically. The effectiveness and dynamic tracking performance of the proposed control strategy is validated via simulation and experimental results.

An Intelligent Approach in Design Optimzation Based on Determining Constraints Compatibility

Based on monotonicity analysis and computer symbolic manipulating technique,a procedure for determining constraints compatibility in design optimization hasbeen proposed in this paper. By using the proposed method relationshipsbetween constrains can be determined and the optimization is greatly simplifid.The method is code with intelligent production systems.

Adaptive Sliding-Mode Disturbance Observer-Based Nonlinear Control for Unmanned Dual-Arm Aerial Manipulator Subject to State Constraints

The unmanned dual-arm aerial manipulator system is composed of a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and two manipulators.Compared to a single manipulator,dual-arm always provides greater°exibility and versatility in both goods delivery and complex task execution.However,the practical application of the system is limited due to nonlinearities and complex dynamic coupling behavior between the multirotor and the manipulator,as well as the one between the inner and outer loop of the multirotor.In this paper,a holistic model of the dual-arm aerial manipulator system is¯rst derived with complete model information.Subsequently,an adaptive sliding-mode disturbance observer(ASMDO)is proposed to handle external disturbances and unmeasurable disturbances caught by unmeasurable angular velocity and acceleration of the manipulators.Moreover,for safety concerns and transient performance requirements,the state constraints should be guaranteed.To this end,an auxiliary term composed of constrained variable signals is introduced.Then,the performance of the designed method is proven by rigorous analysis.Finally,the proposed method is validated through two sets of simulation tests.

Modeling and Finite-Time Tracking Control for Mobile Manipulators with Affine and Holonomic Constraints

This paper focuses on the problem of modeling and finite-time tracking control for mobile manipulators with affine and holonomic constraints. A reduced dynamic model is obtained by appropriately processing anne and holonomic constraints, respectively. Then finite-time tracking controllers are designed to ensure that output tracking errors of closed-loop system converge to zero in finite time while the constraint force remains bounded. Finally, detailed simulation results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Distributed disturbance-observer-based vibration control for a flexible-link manipulator with output constraints

The issue of output constraints is studied for a flexible-link manipulator in the presence of unknown spatially distributed disturbances. The manipulator can be taken as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and its dynamic is expressed by partial differential equations. On account of the uncertainty of disturbances, we present a disturbance observer to estimate infinite dimensional disturbances on the beam. The observer is proven exponentially stable. Considering the problem of output constraints in the practical engineering, we propose a novel distributed vibration controller based on the disturbance observer to fulfill the position regulation of the joint angle and suppress elastic deflections on the flexible link, while confining the regulating errors of output in a suitable scope that we can assign. The closed-loop system is demonstrated exponentially stable based on an integral-barrier Lyapunov function. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the design scheme.

Constraint-Based Virtual Solid Modeling

Constraint-based solid modeling is the kernel part of current CADsystems. It has been widely used in supporting detailed design and variational design. However, it cannot support early stage design and is not easy-to--use becauseit demands fully detailed input description of a design. To solve these problems,researchers attempt to incorporate virtual reality techniques into geometric modeling systems. This paper presents a novel approach for interactive constraint-basedsolid modeling in a virtual reality environment. The approach allows the designerto construct and edit a constraint-based solid model by direct 3D manipulations,and ensures the created solid model to be precise by recognizing and solving geometric constraints. To effectively support 3D manipulations and change propagation,a new constraint-based solid model is adopted. In the model, besides the normalconstituents of the typical constraint-based solid model, some new attributes likeshape control points, location pattern and explicit shape constraints of a primitiveare defined. Guided by the location pattern, our algorithms for recognizing andsolving location constraints are real-time.

Adaptive Tracking Control of Mobile Manipulators with Affine Constraints and Under-actuated Joints

Adaptive motion/force tracking control is considered for a class of mobile manipulators with affine constraints and under-actuated joints in the presence of uncertainties in this paper. Dynamic equation of mobile manipulator is transformed into a controllable form based on dynamic coupling technique. In view of the asymptotic tracking idea and adaptive theory, adaptive controllers are proposed to achieve the desired control objective. Detailed simulation results confirm the validity of the control strategy.

位姿约束下的双向扩展机械臂路径规划方法

针对机械臂路径规划方法存在的规划效率低、连杆通过性差、路径粗糙等问题,以渐进最优快速随机搜索树RRT*为基础,提出一种位姿约束下的双向扩展机械臂路径规划方法(PCO-BT-RRT*)。首先,设计目标偏置引导的双向扩展RRT*算法(BT-RRT*),改进了RRT*算法的初始化过程,将起始点和目标点分别作为两棵随机树的初始节点,并通过目标偏置策略引导其以一定概率相向生长,加快探索未知区域,在保证路径代价较低的同时提升路径生成速度。其次,提出一种位姿约束路径优化策略(PCO),采用机械臂运动学模型和碰撞检测规则共同约束新节点扩展过程,寻找机械臂可达空间内的避障路径;对生成路径剪枝剔冗,缩短可行路径长度,同时对消冗节点以迭代调整的方式进行平滑优化,提高路径生成质量。通过仿真实验分析,验证了所提方法在路径规划问题上的显著性成效;在自主研发的BIM信息融合下建筑砌筑系统进行真机避障测试,验证了该方法的实用性。

会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的影响研究

以我国A股2007-2020年上市公司为样本,实证检验了会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的影响。研究结果证实,会计师事务所行业专门化显著促进了企业创新,表现为专利数量和专利质量的提升,这种促进作用主要通过缓解融资约束和抑制研发操纵的渠道实现。进一步研究发现,会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的激励效应在外部融资依赖程度高、内部治理水平差、市场竞争度低的企业表现得更加明显。同时,会计师事务所行业专门化通过促进企业创新推动了企业高质量发展。研究结论对加强资本市场中介机构职能化及专业化建设,服务国家创新驱动发展战略提供了经验支持。

基于状态约束的柔性关节机械臂指令滤波控制

针对单连杆柔性关节机械臂系统,研究了全状态约束条件下机械臂末端位置的跟踪控制问题。利用障碍李雅普诺夫函数约束柔性关节机械臂的关节角位置和电机转角位置等状态变量的幅值,保证所有状态变量不会超出给定的限制区域。在此基础上,通过引入带有误差补偿的指令滤波控制技术克服了传统反步法存在的计算爆炸问题,设计了基于状态约束的指令滤波反步控制器。最后,基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了柔性关节机械臂系统的稳定性,并通过仿真实验验证了所设计的控制器能够有效保证系统的状态约束性能和位置跟踪精度。

数字金融发展与企业杠杆操纵

数字金融发展能否助力企业实质性去杠杆是我国金融高质量发展的重要体现。使用2011—2021年沪深A股上市企业的相关数据,基于数字金融发展的资源效应与信息效应,考察了其对企业杠杆操纵的影响。结果发现:数字金融发展能够显著降低企业杠杆操纵程度,这主要通过缓解企业融资约束以及提升企业信息透明度等途径加以实现;异质性分析表明,数字金融发展降低企业杠杆操纵的效应在传统金融发展水平较好和金融监管强度较高的地区中更为显著。为此,政府相关部门要从信息基础设施建设、强化金融监管等方面进一步规范和推动数字金融高质量发展;银行等传统金融机构要主动进行数字化变革,不断提升金融服务效率;企业要充分利用数字金融打破外部融资障碍,赋能高质量发展。

行业专长审计师对企业杠杆操纵的影响

以2014-2022年沪深A股非金融类上市公司为样本,对行业专长审计师影响企业杠杆操纵行为进行了研究.结果表明:行业专长审计师能够显著抑制企业杠杆操纵行为,该结论在经过若干内生性处理及稳健性检验后仍然成立;中介效应检验发现,行业专长审计师主要通过缓解融资约束来抑制企业杠杆操纵;异质性分析发现,当企业内部控制不存在实质性缺陷以及机构投资者持股比例较高时,行业专长审计师对企业杠杆操纵的抑制效应更为凸显.结论不仅从杠杆操纵视角丰富和拓展了审计师行业专长经济效应的相关研究,也为抑制企业杠杆操纵、防止企业虚假降杠杆提供了有益的政策启示.

扰动观测的机械手状态约束预测跟踪控制

为了解决机械手抓取不同质量重物及伸缩连杆干扰其跟踪运动问题,提出一种新颖的定常和时变增益相结合的机械手干扰观测器设计方法,并分析观测误差系统的稳定性,目的是获得机械手工作过程中的扰动并设计控制器进行补偿;同时,为了提高机械手运动状态的安全性,提出融入模型预测控制τ_(p)(t)的非线性鲁棒控制方法,通过同时约束机械手的运动位置跟踪误差和运动速度跟踪误差,获得系统安全的运动状态,进而保证机械手实现安全稳定的跟踪运动。通过仿真结果对比分析,表明文中提出扰动观测方法的有效性和抑制干扰实现机械手状态约束安全运动的优越性。

时变输出约束机械臂系统渐近跟踪控制

针对非对称时变输出约束的机械臂系统,提出了一种基于事件触发的自适应渐近跟踪控制策略。首先,采用自适应命令滤波反步方法,解决了“计算爆炸”问题;同时,利用时变非对称李雅普诺夫函数,可以保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性且系统状态满足非对称时变约束条件;此外,自适应渐近跟踪控制可以保证在存在不匹配扰动的情况下,跟踪误差渐近收敛于零。该控制器设计采用了事件触发控制策略,在必要时产生控制输入,减少通信负担,提高了控制性能;最后,通过对非对称时变约束下的双连杆机械臂系统进行仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于扩展角度控制的改进RRT机械臂路径规划

针对传统的快速搜索随机树(RRT)算法在路径规划的过程中收敛速度慢、路径冗长且在复杂的环境下成功率低的问题,提出了一种改进的RRT路径规划算法。该算法引入基于障碍占空比的扩展角度控制策略,通过父节点附近障碍物分布情况控制新节点的扩展方向,增加算法规划速度的同时保证了算法的成功率。随后通过剪枝优化和二阶贝塞尔曲线对生成的路径进行平滑处理。通过多组仿真结果表明,改进RRT算法与原始RRT算法相比,改进RRT算法生成的路径长度更短,时间更快,扩展角度收敛性更高,规划成功率也有较大的提高。

考虑时变输出受限的机械臂自适应容错控制

针对机械臂执行器失效故障,提出了一种基于障碍李雅普诺夫函数的有限时间模糊自适应容错控制方法。该控制方法引入自适应技术用于估计执行器的失效程度,补偿执行器故障带来的损失,保证了控制器的控制效果,并采用模糊逻辑系统使得控制律中无须模型参数,从而增加了控制系统的适用性。该控制方法能够保证闭环系统的所有信号和状态是有限时间有界,关节位置的跟踪误差收敛到原点的一个小邻域内,在机械臂运行过程中不违反时变约束要求。最后,将所提控制方法应用于二自由度刚性机械臂,仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

基于奇异摄动的柔性关节机械臂约束跟随控制研究

针对二连杆柔性关节机械臂,提出了一种基于奇异摄动理论和Udwadia-Kalaba(U-K)方法的控制方法.设计步骤主要分为两步:第一,基于奇异摄动法对系统进行降阶,把系统拆分为快、慢系统,不仅降低了求解系统的阶次,而且克服了系统柔性;第二,基于U-K方法设计了快、慢系统的状态反馈约束跟随控制律,能使快、慢系统约束跟随误差收敛到零,即使系统初始不满足约束条件,该方法不需要借助Lagrange乘子和伪广义速度等辅助变量,可以同时处理完整约束和非完整约束.将以上方法运用在二连杆柔性关节机械臂系统中,解决了二连杆柔性关节机械臂的柔性振荡和约束跟随的问题.使用MATLAB进行仿真,并且与传统PID控制进行了对比,验证了所提出的方法的有效性与优越性.

基于神经网络的7-DOF机械臂时间收敛性研究

为解决7自由度(DOF)机械臂在利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络自适应控制克服外界扰动时出现追踪慢的问题,提出了具有时变约束状态的神经网络自适应控制方案,给出了机械臂动力学方程,由神经网络训练求出权重;设计控制律,建立李雅普诺夫函数方程和不对称项推导其收敛性;利用Simulink仿真,针对时间收敛性分析了角位移、角速度、力矩以及扰动拟合;设计范围参数,以遗传算法(GA)优化。系统仿真结果表明,在保证控制精度的条件下,时间收敛性明显增快。