Constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute and sub-acute stroke: a meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE： The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in acute and sub-acute stroke. DATA SOURCES： The key words were stroke, cerebrovascular accident, constraint-induced therapy, forced use, and randomized controlled trial. The databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Weipu Information Resources System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Med- line, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched for studies on randomized controlled trials for treating acute or sub-acute stroke published before March 2016. DATA SELECTION： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials that compared constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute or sub-acute stroke with traditional rehabilitation therapy （tradi- tional occupational therapy）. Patients were older than 18 years, had disease courses less than 6 months, and were evaluated with at least one upper extremity function scale. Study quality was evaluated, and data that met the criteria were extracted. Stata 11.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES： Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm, the action research-arm test, a motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement, the Wolf motor function test, and a modified Bar- thel index. RESULTS： A total of 16 prospective randomized controlled trials （379 patients in the constraint-induced movement-therapy group and 359 in the control group） met inclusion criteria. Analysis showed significant mean differences in favor of constraint-induced movement therapy for the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 10.822; 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）： 7.419-14.226）, the action research-arm test （WMD = 10.718; 95% CI： 5.704-15.733）, the motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement （WMD = 0.812; 95% CI： 0.331-1.293） and the modified Barthel index （WMD = 10.706; 95% CI： 4.417-16.966）. CONCLUSION： Constraint-induced movement therapy may be more beneficial than traditional rehabili- tation therapy for improving upper limb function after acute or sub-acute stroke.

Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

Constraint-induced movement therapy after cerebral ischemia stimulates axonal growth by decreasing expression levels of Nogo-A,RhoA,and Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)in the ischemic boundary zone.However,it remains unclear if there are any associations between the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK pathway and angiogenesis in adult rat brains in pathological processes such as ischemic stroke.In addition,it has not yet been reported whether constraint-induced movement therapy can promote angiogenesis in stroke in adult rats by overcoming Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling.Here,a stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion.Seven days after stroke,the following treatments were initiated and continued for 3 weeks:forced limb use in constraint-induced movement therapy rats(constraint-induced movement therapy group),intraperitoneal infusion of fasudil(a ROCK inhibitor)in fasudil rats(fasudil group),or lateral ventricular injection of NEP1-40(a specific antagonist of the Nogo-66 receptor)in NEP1-40 rats(NEP1-40 group).Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that,at 2 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK were lower in the ischemic boundary zone in rats treated with NEP1-40 compared with rats treated with ischemia/reperfusion or constraint-induced movement therapy alone.However,at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK in the ischemic boundary zone were markedly decreased in the NEP1-40 and constraint-induced movement therapy groups,but there was no difference between these two groups.Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group,modified neurological severity scores and foot fault scores were lower and time taken to locate the platform was shorter in the constraint-induced movement therapy and fasudil groups at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,especially in the constraint-induced movement therapy group.Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that fasudil promoted an immune response of nerve-regeneration-related markers(BrdU in combination with CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule),Nestin,doublecortin,NeuN,and glial fibrillary acidic protein)in the subventricular zone and ischemic boundary zone ipsilateral to the infarct.After 3 weeks of constraint-induced movement therapy,the number of regenerated nerve cells was noticeably increased,and was accompanied by an increased immune response of tight junctions(claudin-5),a pericyte marker(a-smooth muscle actin),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.Taken together,the results demonstrate that,compared with fasudil,constraint-induced movement therapy led to stronger angiogenesis and nerve regeneration ability and better nerve functional recovery at 4 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.In addition,constraint-induced movement therapy has the same degree of inhibition of RhoA and ROCK as NEP1-40.Therefore,constraint-induced movement therapy promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,at least in part by overcoming the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University,China on December 9,2015(approval No.2015 PS326 K).

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy alters synaptic plasticity of rat contralateral hippocampus following middle cerebral artery occlusion

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective treatment for neurological and motor impairments in patients with stroke by increasing the use of their affected limb and limiting the contralateral limb.However,the molecular mechanism underlying its efficacy remains unclear.In this study,a middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rat model was produced by the suture method.Rats received modified constraint-induced movement therapy 1 hour a day for 14 consecutive days,starting from the 7^th day after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Day 1 of treatment lasted for 10 minutes at 2r/min,day 2 for 20 minutes at 2 r/min,and from day 3 onward for 20 minutes at 4 r/min.CatWalk gait analysis,adhesive removal test,and Y-maze test were used to investigate motor function,sensory function as well as cognitive function in rodent animals from the 1st day before MCAO to the 21^st day after MCAO.On the 21^st day after MCAO,the neurotransmitter receptor-related genes from both contralateral and ipsilateral hippocampi were tested by micro-array and then verified by western blot assay.The glutamate related receptor was shown by transmission electron microscopy and the glutamate content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.The results of behavior tests showed that modified constraint-induced movement therapy promoted motor and sensory functional recovery in the middle cerebral artery-occluded rats,but had no effect on cognitive function.The modified constraint-induced movement therapy upregulated the expression of glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3(Gria3)in the hippocampus and downregulated the expression of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene Adrb3 and arginine vasopressin receptor 1 A,Avprla in the middle cerebral artery-occluded rats.In the ipsilateral hippocampus,only Adra2 a was downregulated,and there was no significant change in Gria3.Transmission electron microscopy revealed a denser distribution the more distribution of postsynaptic glutamate receptor 2/3,which is an a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor,within 240 nm of the postsynaptic density in the contralateral cornu ammonis 3 region.The size and distribution of the synaptic vesicles within 100 nm of the presynaptic active zone were unchanged.Western blot analysis showed that modified constraint-induced movement therapy also increased the expression of glutamate receptor 2/3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion,but had no effect on Synapsin I levels.Besides,we also found modified constraint-induced movement therapy effectively reduced glutamate content in the contralateral hippocampus.This study demonstrated that modified constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective rehabilitation therapy in middle cerebral artery-occluded rats,and suggests that these positive effects occur via the upregulation of the postsynaptic membrane a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor expression.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University,China(approval No.201802173 S)on March 3,2018.

Early constraint-induced movement therapy affects behavior and neuronal plasticity in ischemia-injured rat brains

Constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective rehabilitative training technique used to improve the restoration of impaired upper extremity movement after stroke. However, whether constraint-induced movement therapy is more effective than conventional rehabilitation in acute or sub-acute stroke remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to identify the optimal time to start constraint-induced movement therapy after ischemic stroke and to explore the mechanisms by which constraint-induced movement therapy leads to post-stroke recovery. Sixty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-surgery group, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, early constraint-induced movement therapy group, and late constraint-induced movement therapy group. Rat models of left middle cerebral artery occlusion were established according to the Zea Longa line embolism method. Constraint-induced movement therapy was conducted starting on day 1 or day 14 in the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups, respectively. To explore the effect of each intervention time on neuromotor function, behavioral function was assessed using a balance beam walking test before surgery and at 8 and 21 days after surgery. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and Nogo receptor were evaluated using real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay to assess the effect of each intervention time. The results showed that the behavioral score was significantly lower in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group than in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups at 8 days. At 21 days, the scores had significantly decreased in the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups. At 8 days, only mild pyknosis appeared in neurons of the ischemic penumbra in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group, which was distinctly better than in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group. At 21 days, only a few vacuolated cells were observed and no obvious inflammatory cells were visible in late constraint-induced movement therapy group, which was much better than at 8 days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor were significantly higher, but expression levels of Nogo receptor were significantly lower in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group compared with the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups at 8 days. The changes in expression levels at 21 days were larger but similar in both the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups. Besides, the protein nerve growth factor level was higher in the late constraint-induced movement therapy group than in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group at 21 days. These results suggest that both early(1 day) and late(14 days) constraint-induced movement therapy induces molecular plasticity and facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke, as illustrated by the histology. The mechanism may be associated with downregulation of Nogo receptor expression and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor expression.

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with hemiplegia

Stroke patients with hemiplegia exhibit flexor spasms in the upper limb and extensor spasms in the lower limb, and their movement patterns vary greatly. Constraint-induced movement therapy is an upper limb rehabilitation technique used in stroke patients with hemiplegia; however, studies of lower extremity rehabilitation are scarce. In this study, stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia underwent conventional Bobath therapy for 4 weeks as baseline treatment, followed by constraint-induced movement therapy for an additional 4 weeks. The 10-m maximum walking speed and Berg balance scale scores significantly improved following treatment, and lower extremity motor function also improved. The results of functional MRI showed that constraint-induced movement therapy alleviates the reduction in cerebral functional activation in patients, which indicates activation of functional brain regions and a significant increase in cerebral blood perfusJon. These results demonstrate that constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia.

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes motor function recovery and downregulates phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase expression in ischemic brain tissue of rats

Motor function impairment is a common outcome of stroke.Constraint-induced movement therapy（CIMT）involving intensive use of the impaired limb while restraining the unaffected limb is widely used to overcome the effects of＇learned non-use＇and improve limb function after stroke.However,the underlying mechanism of CIMT remains unclear.In the present study,rats were randomly divided into a middle cerebral artery occlusion（model）group,a CIMT＋model（CIMT）group,or a sham group.Restriction of the affected limb by plaster cast was performed in the CIMT and sham groups.Compared with the model group,CIMT significantly improved the forelimb functional performance in rats.By western blot assay,the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi of cerebral ischemic rats in the CIMT group was significantly lower than that in the model group,and was similar to sham group levels.These data suggest that functional recovery after CIMT may be related to decreased expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi.

Neurorestorative Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy after Stroke: An Integrative Review

Stroke has been considered as one of the main causes of death and of motor and cognitive sequels. Especially, many patients with upper limb hemiparesis improved their motor action and showed meaningful cortical changes after treatment with constraint-induced movement therapy. Therefore, this review aims to verify the literature about neuroimaging and behavioral evidences in the cortical reorganization through the use of the constraint-induced movement therapy. So, we conducted the literature research in indexed journals from many databases like Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Database, Lilacs and Scielo. We concluded that the behavioral and neuroimaging studies using traditional and modified constraint-induced movement therapy promote cortical reorganization.

Effectiveness of Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Bilateral Arm Training on Upper Extremity Function after Chronic Stroke: A Comparative Study

Statement of the Problem: Upper limb hemiparesis is a common impairment underlying disability after Stroke. Transfer of treatment to daily functioning remains a question for traditional approaches used in treatment of upper extremity hemiparesis. Approaches based on Motor Learning principles may facilitate the transfer of treatment to activities of daily living. Methodology: Forty one subjects with chronic stroke, attending department of occupational therapy, National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Kolkata, West Bengal, India participated in a single blinded randomized pre-test and post-test control group training study. Subjects were randomized over three intervention groups receiving modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (n = 13), Bilateral Arm training (n = 14), and an equally intensive conventional treatment program (n = 14). Subjects in the bilateral arm training group participated in bilateral symmetrical activities, where as subjects in constraint induced movement therapy group performed functional activities with the affected arm only and conventional group received conventional Occupational Therapy. Each group received intensive training for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment measures included the Fugl-Meyer measurement of physical performance (FMA- upper extremity section), action research arm test, motor activity log. Assessments were administered by a rater blinded to group assignment. Result: Both m-CIMT (p = 0.01) and bilateral arm training (p = 0.01) group showed statistically significant improvement in upper extremity functioning on Action Research Arm Test score in comparison to the conventional therapy group (p = 0.33). The bilateral arm training group had significantly greater improvement in upper arm function (Proximal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001);while the constraint induced movement therapy group had greater improvement of hand functions (Distal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001. There is an improvement seen in Quality of movement in the Conventional Therapy group. (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both the treatment techniques can be used for upper extremity management in patients with chronic stroke. Bilateral arm training may be used to improve upper arm function and m-CIMT may be used to improve hand functions, while the group that received modified constraint induced movement therapy had greater improvement.

Therapies for children with cerebral palsy A Web of Science-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in three therapies for children with cerebral palsy. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on therapies for children with cerebral palsy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on botulinum toxin, constraint-induced movement therapy, or acupuncture for children with cerebral palsy indexed in Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and （c） publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Number of publications on the three therapies; （2） annual publication output, distribution by journals, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on botulinum toxin; （3） annual publication output, distribution by journal, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on constraint-induced movement therapy; （4） annual publication, distribution by journal, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on acupuncture. RESULTS： This analysis, based on Web of Science articles, identified several research trends in studies published over the past 10 years of three therapies for children with cerebral palsy. More articles on botulinum toxin for treating children with cerebral palsy were published than the articles regarding constraint-induced movement therapy or acupuncture. The numbers of publications increased over the 10-year study period. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on neurology, such as Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology and Journal of Child Neurology.Research institutes publishing on botulinum toxin treatments for this population are mostly in the Netherlands, the United States of America, and Australia; those publishing on constraint-induced movement therapy are mostly in Australia and the United States of America; and those publishing on acupuncture are mostly in China, Sweden and the United States of America.CONCLUSION： Analysis of literature and research trends indicated that there was no one specific therapy to cure cerebral palsy. Further studies are still necessary.

重复经颅磁刺激联合强制性诱导疗法对偏瘫型脑瘫患儿患侧上肢手部精细运动功能的影响

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合强制性诱导疗法(CIMT)应用在偏瘫型脑瘫(HCP)患儿中的效果及对改善患侧上肢手部精细运动功能的作用。方法选取2021年3—12月广西医科大学第二附属医院收治的75例HCP患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=38)和观察组(n=37)。对照组采用CIMT治疗,观察组采用rTMS联合CIMT治疗,两组均持续治疗12周。比较两组患者的上肢功能、精细运动功能发育状况、腕屈肌、肘屈肌肌张力与功能独立性。结果治疗12周后,观察组Carroll上肢功能测试量表、Peabody精细发育量表评分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组腕屈肌、肘屈肌改良Ashworth量表评分均低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组儿童功能独立性评定量表评分为(88.47±5.01)分,高于对照组的(80.37±4.73)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对HCP患儿实施rTMS联合CIMT治疗,可以改善上肢功能、精细运动功能、肌张力,提高功能独立性,有临床借鉴意义。

不同强化训练对脑性瘫痪儿童上肢运动功能效果的网状Meta分析

目的系统评价上肢强化训练对脑瘫儿童上肢运动功能的效果。方法构建PICO架构,检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Scopus、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普和万方数据库,搜集关于上肢强化训练改善脑瘫儿童上肢运动功能的随机对照试验,检索时限均为2010年1月至2024年3月。按照Cochrane系统评价手册和物理治疗证据数据库量表对纳入文献进行质量评价,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0进行网状Meta分析。结果共纳入27篇文献,包括1173例患者,涉及3种上肢强化训练。强制性运动疗法、改良强制性运动疗法和手-臂双侧强化训练均可提高辅助手功能评分与Peabody精细运动功能评分;强制性运动疗法和改良强制性运动疗法可提高上肢技能质量量表评分;手-臂双侧强化训练可提高儿童生活功能量表评分。在提高辅助手功能、上肢技能质量量表评分和Peabody精细运动功能评分方面,强制性运动疗法为最佳干预方式;在提高儿童生活功能量表评分方面,手-臂双侧强化训练为最佳干预方式。结论上肢强化训练可显著改善脑瘫儿童的上肢运动功能、精细运动功能和日常生活活动能力,强制性运动疗法在改善上肢运动功能和精细运动功能方面效果最好,手-臂双侧强化训练在提高日常生活活动能力方面疗效最佳。

改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术在老年脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢康复护理干预中的应用

目的探讨改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术在老年脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢康复护理干预中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1—12月广东医科大学附属第三医院门诊收治的84例老年脑卒中上肢偏瘫患者,采用随机数表法分为常规组(n=42)和联合组(n=42),其中常规组患者采用新Bobath疗法进行康复治疗,联合组采用改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术进行干预。比较干预前后的改良Ashworth分级评定表、改良Barthel指数、简式Fugl-Meyer评分表、临床神经功能缺损程度评定量表的得分。结果干预后联合组的改良Ashworth分级评定疗效优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组改良Barthel指数评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组简式Fugl-Meyer评分表评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组临床神经功能缺损程度评定量表评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术更能有效改善老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的上肢功能,提高日常生活质量。

醒脑开窍针法联合改良强制性运动疗法对脑梗死患者血清铁代谢的影响

目的观察醒脑开窍针法联合改良强制性运动疗法(modified constraint induced movement therapy,mCIMT)治疗脑梗死的临床疗效以及对血清铁代谢的影响。方法选取2020年7月—2022年10月68例脑梗死患者随机分为综合治疗组(34例)和mCIMT组(34例)。mCIMT组予强化训练患侧上肢和限制健侧上肢康复技术治疗;综合治疗组在mCIMT组基础上予醒脑开窍针法治疗。比较两组脑梗死患者临床疗效、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、简化Fugl-Meyer评定法(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA)评分、改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评分、血清铁蛋白(ferritin,FE)、血清转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF)、血清总铁结合力(total iron-binding capacity,TIBC)水平。结果治疗后,两组脑梗死患者NIHSS评分、血清FE水平均低于治疗前(P<0.01),FMA评分、MBI评分、血清TRF水平、血清TIBC水平均高于治疗前(P<0.01);综合治疗组NIHSS评分、血清FE水平均低于mCIMT组,FMA评分、MBI评分、血清TRF水平、血清TIBC水平均高于mCIMT组(P<0.01)。综合治疗组临床有效率高于mCIMT组[91.18%(31/34)vs 70.59%(24/34)](P<0.05)。结论醒脑开窍针法联合mCIMT治疗脑梗死患者疗效确切,能够改善神经缺损程度、运动功能、日常生活能力和血清铁代谢水平,值得临床进一步推广应用。

太乙针灸联合改良强制性运动疗法治疗脑梗死偏瘫的临床效果

目的回顾性分析太乙针灸联合改良强制性运动疗法(mCIMT)治疗脑梗死偏瘫患者的疗效及对患者肌力、平衡能力、生活质量的影响。方法选取新郑华信民生医院2021年12月至2023年5月收治的82例脑梗死偏瘫患者病历资料,根据不同治疗方案分为两组,各41例。对照组采用mCIMT,联合组行太乙针灸联合mCIMT。对比两组疗效、肌力与平衡能力、踝背肌电图参数[胫前肌、腓肠肌积分肌电值(iEMG)]、功能性步行能力、10 m步行测试(10MWT)及生活质量。结果联合组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组腓肠肌iEMG(52.60±6.37)μV/s低于对照组(47.91±7.26)μV/s,平衡、肌力评分与胫前肌iEMG分别为(35.16±5.72)分、(4.01±0.32)分、(37.62±6.11)μV/s,高于对照组的(29.63±6.14)分、(3.74±0.51)分、(40.51±5.90)μV/s(P<0.05);治疗后联合组功能性步行能力分级改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组步长、步速、步频分别为(0.61±0.13)m、(0.54±0.17)m/s、(76.13±6.39)步/min,高于对照组的(0.54±0.15)m、(0.47±0.12)m/s、(70.16±5.97)步/min,能量消耗指数(0.72±0.21)低于对照组(0.83±0.26),P<0.05;治疗后联合组生活质量评分(195.87±27.23)分高于对照组(168.99±24.71)分(P<0.05)。结论太乙针灸联合mCIMT治疗脑梗死偏瘫疗效确切,可缓解肌肉痉挛,改善肌力、平衡与功能性步行能力,提高生活质量。

动态腕手矫形器结合改良强制性运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢和手功能障碍的效果

目的观察动态腕手矫形器结合改良强制性运动疗法(mCIMT)对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢及手功能的影响。方法2022年2月至2023年12月,复旦大学附属华山医院脑卒中恢复期患者32例,随机分为对照组(n=16)和试验组(n=16)。两组均接受常规康复训练,采用改良强制性运动疗法,每天健侧上肢佩戴约束手套4 h;试验组同时患侧上肢佩戴动态腕手矫形器4 h;每周5 d,连续3周。分别于治疗前后采用Wolf运动功能量表(WMFT)、手臂动作调查测试(ARAT)和握力评估上肢运动功能,动作活动记录量表(MAL)评估动作使用量(AOU)和动作完成质量(QOM),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估情绪变化,采用表面肌电图观察训练前后患/健侧腕背伸肌均方根值(RMS)比。结果治疗后,两组WMFT、ARAT、MAL-QOM、HAMA评分和患/健侧腕背伸肌RMS比均改善(|t|>2.179,P<0.05),试验组WMFT和握力的进步值优于对照组(|t|>2.343,P<0.05);试验组握力、MAL-AOU和HAMD评分均改善(|t|>2.819,P<0.05)。结论动态腕手矫形器结合mCIMT可以促进偏瘫患者上肢和手功能的恢复。

动态功能性磁共振成像在强制性使用运动疗法治疗脑卒中上肢偏瘫中的应用研究

对1例脑卒中上肢偏瘫患者进行强制性使用运动疗法治疗,同时连续进行动态功能性磁共振成像观察,以探讨大脑功能重组与功能恢复之间的相关性。方法:对患者进行2周的强制性使用运动疗法治疗,使用夹板限制健侧上肢活动2周,每天保持6小时的患侧上肢训练。在治疗前1天、治疗后当天、治疗后2周分别在患者对指运动时进行功能磁共振扫描。结果:与治疗前基线相比,患者上肢Carroll评分提高29.1%,金子翼评分提高18.4%,3个月后随访,Carroll上肢功能评分提高30.6%,金子翼上肢功能评分提高26.2%。对健手限制2周后,其运动功能没有下降。在治疗前,患手运动时使用功能磁共振扫描可以发现对侧中央前后回、对侧额叶前部、同侧大脑皮层中央前回激活;健手运动时,以对侧中央前后回兴奋为主。经过强制性使用治疗后,患手运动时同侧和对侧大脑皮层广泛的激活,健手运动时,大脑对侧中央前后回的兴奋区域明显变小;治疗结束2周后,患侧上肢运动时,患手运动时其同侧和对侧大脑皮层广泛的激活的现象明显降低,激活区集中在对侧的中央前后回,在健手运动时,又重新恢复对侧中央前后回兴奋区域。结论:强制性使用运动疗法可明显提高脑卒中患者上肢运动功能,使用功能性磁共振证明这种变化与大脑可塑性改变相关联,同时限制健侧肢体活动不会影响其?

强制性使用运动疗法在最低上肢运动标准慢性脑卒中偏瘫患者中的疗效

目的:探讨强制性使用运动疗法(CIMT)在最低上肢运动标准慢性脑卒中偏瘫患者中的疗效。方法:10例符合CIMT最低上肢运动标准即腕关节伸展>10°,拇指外展>10°,其他四指中任何两个手指伸展>10°的慢性脑卒中偏瘫患者参与此研究。在基线期接受常规康复治疗。在CIMT治疗期间,要求患者健侧穿戴吊带和夹板来限制健侧肢体动作,每天清醒时固定时间不少于90%,连续12天,同时接受塑形训练,密集地训练患侧肢体活动,完成日常生活中的动作,连续两周共10个工作日。在基线期与CIMT治疗前后用Fugl-Meyer评价法(FMA)和上肢动作研究量表(ARAT)来评价患者的上肢运动功能,用动作活动日志(MAL)来评价患者的上肢的使用量(AOU)和动作质量(QOM)。结果:患者在基线期,在FMA、ARAT、AOU和QOM上显现出微小改善,效应值(ES)分别为:0.15、0.24、0.07和0.05。但患者在接受CIMT治疗后,在FMA、ARAT、AOU和QOM上显现极为显著的改善,ES分别为:2.1、3.75、5.19和4.29。结论:CIMT可以改善最低上肢运动标准慢性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能,但CIMT在这些脑卒中患者中的长期功能效益尚需进一步明确。

强制性使用运动疗法在亚急性期和慢性期脑卒中患者中的效力

目的:强制性使用运动疗法(CIMT)是近年来针对脑卒中后上肢功能障碍的一种新的康复训练技术。本研究目的是评价和比较CIMT在亚急性期和慢性期脑卒中患者中的康复效力。方法:30例脑卒中偏瘫患者参与此研究,其中亚急性期组患者14例(平均病程3.5个月),慢性期组患者16例(平均病程12.1个月)。在CIMT治疗期间要求两组患者健侧穿戴吊带和夹板来限制健侧肢体动作,每天清醒时固定时间不少于90%,连续12天。同时接受塑形训练,密集的训练患侧肢体活动,完成日常生活中的动作,连续2周共10个工作日。在接受CIMT治疗前和治疗后用上肢功能测验(UEFT)来评价两组患者的上肢运动功能。结果:两组患者在CIMT治疗前UEFT的比较差异无显著性意义(Ρ>0.05),在治疗后两组患者UEFT的比较差异无显著性意义(Ρ>0.05),但是亚急性期组治疗后UEFT的改善值明显高于慢性期组患者治疗后UEFT的改善值,两组改善值的比较差异有显著性意义(Ρ<0.05)。亚急性期组患者和慢性期组患者在CIMT在治疗前、后UEFT的比较差异有显著性意义(Ρ<0.001),但CIMT在上肢运动功能改善效果上亚急性期组患者优于慢性期组患者(效应值ES:1.51:0.89)。结论:本文的研究结果表明CIMT在亚急性期和慢性期患者中均显现出较大的康复效力,尤其在亚急性期患者中显现出更大的康复效力。

强制使用运动疗法对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:研究强制使用运动疗法对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响。方法:12例脑卒中偏瘫患者接受强制使用运动疗法治疗,在治疗期间要求患者健侧穿戴吊带和夹板来限制健侧肢体动作,每天清醒时固定时间不少于90％,连续12天。同时接受行为再塑的技巧训练,密集的训练患侧肢体活动,完成日常生活中的动作,连续2周共10个工作日。在治疗前的2周(基线)、治疗前和治疗后用上肢功能测验(UEFT)和简易上肢功能检查(STEF)来评价患者的上肢运动功能。结果:患者在治疗前2周的基线期内,在UEFT和STEF上未显现出明显的改善(ES:0.21;0.06)。但患者在接受2周的强制使用运动疗法治疗后,在UEFT和STEF上显现出较为明显的改善(ES:1.24;0.65),其中病程3-6个月的患者比病程>6个月的患者的改善更为明显(ES:1.43:0.96;0.81:0.5)。结论:强制使用运动疗法是改善恢复期和慢性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的有效治疗方法。

强制性运动疗法对脑卒中患者步行能力及平衡功能的影响

目的:探讨强制性运动疗法(CIMT)对脑卒中患者步行能力及平衡功能的影响。方法:选择2007年2月—2008年6月在承德医学院附属医院康复医学科住院的脑卒中偏瘫患者60例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。试验组采用改良CIMT对下肢功能进行强化训练,对照组给予常规康复治疗,连续治疗8周。采用Berg平衡量表测定治疗前后两组患者的平衡功能;用"起立-行走"计时测定(TUGT)及最大步行速度(MWS)分别测定起立行走和10m最大步行速度来评价患者的步行能力。结果:经"CIMT"治疗后,试验组Berg平衡量表的评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);TUGT的时间显著小于对照组(P<0.05);MWS则显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:CIMT能够显著改善脑卒中患者的步行能力及平衡功能,是有效的康复治疗方法。