Discussion on Construction Technology of Subway Tunnel Expansion under Bridge Foundation

As the urban populations grow,the number and size of subway construction projects are increasing while also meeting higher construction standards.So,subway construction projects must have a better understanding of construction technology.This article focuses on the construction technology of the subway tunnel expansion under the bridge foundation.By analyzing the engineering characteristics of the bridge foundation and using a project as an example,this article provides a detailed discussion of the construction process of tunnel expansion under a bridge foundation.This article aims to serve as a reference for subway tunnel construction in China to ensure the key points of construction technology are understood,thus improving construction quality and laying a solid technical foundation for the sustainable development of urban rail engineering.

Construction land expansion and influencing factors of typical river valley cities in Northeast China: Taking Jilin City as an example

Jilin City is a typical river valley city in Northeast China.In this paper,the authors studied the spatial and temporal expansion characteristics of the built-up areas in Jilin City from 1990 to 2020 using the analysis of expansion speed and strength,fractal dimension,barycenter coordinate transfer index and sector analysis.The ultimate-goal is to analyze the driving and restrictive factors that affect the spatial expansion of river valley cities.The results indicate that(1)the expansion speed of urban land in Jilin City has been re-latively slow in the past 30 years,while only slightly faster in 2010–2020;(2)in the spatial dimension,Jilin City mainly expanded to the south,then to the west,and extensive expansion has resulted in complex mor-phology with little stability and compactness;(3)the expansion is affected by multiple factors,of which the positive factor is industrial development,while the restrictive factors include natural factors,population loss,etc.This study provides a case for the formulation of land use policies and land space planning in river valley cities.

Analyzing and Pondering on the Regulation of Urban Construction Land Expansion

Along with the economic development and the acceleration of urbanization,urban construction land expands rapidly in China,and has resulted in a series of socio-economic problems.This article summarized the major points of controlling the unchecked and rash expansion of construction land in the academic circle,and analyzed the problems of regulating the expansion of construction land from three aspects.First,this article analyzed the relationships between socio-economic development and urbanization from the historical viewpoints,and pointed out that the expansion of construction land is a historical phenomenon which will be surely appeared in the development of human race.Second,the authors utilized two-sector model to analyze the importance of urbanization in the socio-economic development from the academic angles.At last,the authors utilize four-quadrant model and bidrent curve model to analyze the influence that brought by the strict control of construction land expansion.Through analysis,this article drew some conclusions.First,the expansion of construction land is a phenomenon which will surely appear in the social development.It is impossible to accomplish the national modernization on the basis of dualistic structure between urban and rural areas.Second,under the function of rent gradient gap,strict control of construction land expansion will not only obtain the anticipated effects,but also cause a series of socio-economic problems,such as land-levying contradiction,the appearance of limited property right house,and being dependant on lease instead of expropriation.Third,unreasonable policies and governmental behaviors are the roots of the unchecked and rash expansion of urban construction land.Based on these conclusions,this article proposed that three transformations should be realized to regulate the unchecked and rash expansion of construction land:transfers from quantity regulation to quality regulation,from direct regulation to indirect regulation,and from single-measure regulation to multi-measures regulation.

Government's Role in Urban Construction Land Expansion

Focusing on urban construction land expansion,governmental influence on expansion of urban construction land in China is analyzed from fiscal decentralization,government game and land system.Due to fiscal decentralization and coupled with GDP-based performance evaluation system,local government seeks to maximizing economic profits.Whereas,land systems such as land property,land expropriation and land transfer system,let the local governments' profit seeking behavior achieved.The conclusion is that the government's role in urban construction land expansion is mainly from local governments.

Expansion of Financial Channel for the Construction of China's Highways

China’s highways started at a low level in facilities. In 1949, the total mileage of the whole coun-try’s highways was only 80,000 km, with a density of 0.001 km/sq km. Following the founding of New China, especially since the 1980s, great changes have taken place in the facilities of China’s highways. By the end of 1995, the

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Based on a Novel Adjusted Index and GEE: A Case Study of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China

It is crucial to investigate the urban agglomerations spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors for analyzing the urban spatial structure-functional division and promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.In this study,a novel vegetation-building-nighttime light-adjusted index(VBNAI)was established for rapid and effective mapping of urban construction land(UCL)in Central Plains Urban Agglomeration(CPUA),China during 2000–2020 based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Compared with traditional indices,VBNAI can significantly decrease the blooming effect,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)saturation,and soil background of nighttime light data.In addition,the urban expansion indices and standard deviation ellipse model were synthetically adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urban expansion.The gravity model and the geographically weighted regression model were employed to determine the spatial interaction forces and drivers of urban expansion,respectively.The results showed that the VBNAI index has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy to extract UCL with the overall accuracy of more than 91%.The UCL of CPUA had increased by 4489.84 km2 during 2000–2020 with the gravity center moving towards southeast continuously.From 2000 to 2010,the urban expansion was in a‘center-hinterland’pattern which had benefit from the favorable effect of the traffic shaft belt.During 2010–2020,the urban network structure had basically established.Urban expansion had been influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors,and the impact degree varied from region to region.This study could provide scientific references for facilitating the intensive utilization of urban resources and optimizing the spatial development pattern of urban agglomeration.

Study of the Application of Expansive Cement in Building Construction

A China’s construction industry continues to develop,the amount of building construction has increased significantly,and construction technology has been continuously advancing.In particular,the application of expansive cement in building construction is becoming more popular.The correct use of construction technologies can not only speed up the progress of the construction project,but also reduce the project cost significantly.In this paper,the application of expansive cement building construction is discussed in detail,and the solutions of related problems are proposed.

四川省城市建设用地扩张及其占用耕地的时空特征

[目的]研究四川省城市建设用地扩张及其占用耕地的时空特征,为保护四川省耕地资源的可持续利用,保障区域内粮食安全提供理论依据。[方法]以四川省为研究对象,基于遥感数据和GIS技术,分析了2000—2020年城市建设用地扩张对耕地占用过程的时空变异特征。[结果]20年间四川省城市建设用地持续扩张,增加了3260.56 km^(2),增长率达到110.34%,其中新增建设用地2 900.34 km^(2)流转于耕地,耕地是四川省城市建设用地扩张的主要来源,建设用地持续扩张不断蚕食城市周边耕地资源,进而有可能威胁到区域的粮食生产安全;四川省建设用地扩张在空间上具有集中分布的特征,各地市州建设用地扩张空间差异显著,扩张建设用地分布表现为以成都市为中心的高值区,然后向东部城市呈面状逐渐蔓延,而西部城市呈零星点状分布的特点;四川省建设用地扩张高度依赖对耕地的占用,近年来,虽然四川省积极推行粮食生产结构优化措施,持续实施土地整治、农业结构调整,不断加大对粮食生产的支持力度。[结论]总体上,四川省耕地面积的减少对粮食产量形成的影响程度不大,但建设用地扩张继续占用耕地加大的趋势假如得不到有效遏制,对未来粮食生产安全仍会构成潜在的威胁。

低透气煤层无泵式钻扩一体化增透技术与钻具研究

针对在低透气煤层常规机械掏穴、水力冲孔等增透施工中存在的施工效率低、掏穴装置稳定性差以及需要配备高压泵等问题,提出了无泵式钻扩一体化增透施工技术,研制了配套的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置,并进行了现场工业性试验。结果表明:钻扩一体化增透施工技术在煤矿井下静压水条件下,可实现一趟下钻完成先导孔和机械掏穴的同时作业,解决了常规掏穴装置刀翼开合不稳定、必须配套高压泵的问题,降低了该技术的使用成本;研发的双通道送水器、双通道钻杆和造穴装置工作灵活稳定且可靠性高,造穴段单孔直接扩大至原常规钻孔孔径的4.4倍,显著提升了瓦斯抽采效果,该技术的成功应用为煤矿井下低透气煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工提供了技术支撑。

高速公路改扩建工程监理工作重点探讨

随着社会的发展和交通量的增加,高速公路改扩建工程逐渐增多。相比新建高速公路,高速公路改扩建工程具有时间紧、任务重、安全压力大等特点。旨在通过总结G5011芜湖至合肥高速公路芜湖至林头段改扩建工程监理过程经验,探讨高速公路改扩建工程在质量、安全、进度、合同等方面监理工作的重点,为大规模的高速公路改扩建工程监理提供有益的借鉴。

鄱阳湖生态经济区建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化的影响

为分析鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地景观与建设用地扩张之间的关系,利用形态学空间格局分析法研究2000-2020年耕地景观破碎化的形态学特点,同时运用外溢效应分析、景观格局指数分析、地理加权回归等模型方法,探究建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化的影响。结果表明:2000-2020年间耕地景观破碎化程度加强,核心区面积减少强度由1.33%提高到6.27%,并表现出由平原地区向山地丘陵区加强的地域性差异,且建设用地扩张会导致耕地景观破碎化;建设用地占用耕地的面积由268.60 km2增加到1 003.26 km2,主要发生在路网成熟的地区;建设用地扩张对耕地的外溢效应逐渐增强,在路网成熟地区更显著;建设用地扩张对耕地景观破碎化有较强的正向影响,道路建设对这种影响有强化作用,同时,耕地景观破碎化表现出随道路缓冲距离的减小而加强的阶梯性差异。研究表明,耕地景观破碎化程度受地形和建设用地扩张的影响显著,耕地景观破碎化现象主要发生在地势起伏大或建设用地密集、路网成熟的地区。

海南环岛高铁站点周边建设用地扩张及其影响机理

文章从理论上辨析高铁站点对周边建设用地扩张的影响机理与影响范围,并围绕海南环岛高铁展开实证研究,通过GIS缓冲区分析揭示了不同高铁站点对周边建设用地扩张的影响范围与强度差异,并借助地理探测器揭示不同高铁站点周边建设用地扩张存在差异化影响的原因。结果表明:1)海南环岛高铁各站点建设运营后,其周边建设用地均出现了扩张;2)海南环岛高铁24个站点中有20个对周边建设用地扩张的影响范围集中在0.5~3.5 km内,且该20个高铁站点对周边建设用地扩张的影响主要呈现“高铁―主城区”“高铁―城镇中心”“高铁―旅游景区”3种方向;3)20个高铁站点对周边建设用地扩张的影响强度差异主要与高铁站点自身属性以及所处社会经济环境、区位条件和自然条件等因素有关,且不同因素的影响力大小呈“所处社会经济环境>所处区位条件>高铁站点自身属性>所处自然条件”的变化规律。

基于Markov-PLUS模型的长株潭城市群建设用地扩张模拟及碳排放响应分析

在双碳目标和新型城镇化背景下,保证经济平稳增长的同时减少碳排放是实现城市高质量发展的重要任务之一,更是长沙、株洲、湘潭等国家低碳试点城市重点建设目标之一。因此以长株潭城市群中用地变化和碳排放最为剧烈的中心城区作为研究区域,在现状分析的基础上运用Markov-PLUS耦合模型和碳排放响应模型,模拟了自然状态发展情景、耕地保护发展情景、生态保护发展情景和绿色低碳发展情景下建设用地扩张及碳排放响应情况。结果表明:①2000—2020长株潭城市群建设用地面积呈现阶段性的波动增长趋势,耕地和林地是其主要来源,扩张强度在2010—2015年最大,主要集中在城市群中心区域;碳排放量呈现倒“V”型曲线,可以划分为碳排放量快速上升阶段(2000—2005年)和碳排放量下降阶段(2005—2020年),以2010年为节点,下降幅度先增加后减缓;二者之间存在较为密切的正相关关系,整体表现为建设用地面积增加(减少)碳排放随之增加(减少)的较强扩张与较高排放模式。②Markov-PLUS模拟结果显示,长株潭城市群建设用地在自然状态发展情景下扩张面积最大(235.9503km^(2)),在生态保护发展情景下扩张面积最小(200.6354km^(2));绿色低碳发展情景下建设用地扩张所占用的生态碳汇面积相对较少(169.78km^(2)),占未利用地相比其他情景较多(1.20km^(2)),扩张分布较为合理,带来的生态环境压力和碳排放压力较小,既有利于生态环境保护也有利于社会经济发展。③碳排放响应结果显示,在不同情景下长株潭城市群各区县的碳排放对建设用地扩张均表现出一定的敏感性,综合建设用地扩张与碳排放响应结果,绿色低碳发展情景是长株潭城市群未来的较优发展模式。

民用机场改扩建项目不停航施工新思路

以上海浦东国际机场飞行区不停航施工工程为实例,提出了不停航施工的新思路及经验。论述了不停航施工新思路的意义及优点,分析了不停航施工新思路的实施效果。总结得出,通过使用不停航施工新思路能够有效提高工作效率,提高工程质量品质,控制成本并缩短工期。

公路隧道单侧扩建围岩与衬砌力学响应与安全特性试验研究

公路隧道单侧式扩建施工是常见的扩挖方式,但其施工力学行为与安全性鲜有报道。通过模型试验模拟了公路隧道单侧式扩建施工的全过程,对公路隧道单侧式扩建施工时的围岩应力、衬砌应力、轴力、弯矩与安全性进行研究。得到以下主要结论:①扩建隧道时,受到二次扰动的围岩强度急剧降低,破坏程度明显增大,在扩挖侧拱腰与拱顶区域最为显著。②隧道扩建过程中,前榀旧衬砌,应力重分布效应将增加后榀旧衬砌压应力;新衬砌在安装后逐渐承担围岩荷载,其应力显著增加,尤其在拱顶和拱腰位置。③大部分衬砌模型的安全系数小于2.0,尤其是拱脚部位最容易失稳,拱脚区域需要额外的加固措施,以防止潜在的结构失稳和破坏。④以试验数据为指导,提出了超前支护上下台阶法,以及将洞渣回填作为隧道上台阶开挖施工平台,实现了安全高效施工。

基于GEE遥感云平台的安徽省建设用地分类研究

为研究安徽省近30年的城镇扩展变化,分析了其发展重心迁移路径。基于GEE遥感云平台,利用NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据提取城市范围;基于原始光谱波段构建特征数据,对特征数据进行特征优化;利用优化后的特征在初步提取的城市范围用随机森林(random forest,RF)算法对Landsat影像数据进行再分类,对提取到的建设用地进行了重心迁移分析。结果表明:安徽省提取建设用地的平均OA为0.978%,Kappa系数为0.95,提取结果精度较高且可靠性高;1990-2020年安徽省城市建设用地总面积扩张698.21%,皖南区域扩张速率较快,皖北与皖中相差无几;影响城市初期建设的最主要因素是经济与人口,发展到一定程度后会有更多其他因素影响城市发展。

BIM在智慧水厂扩能改造工程施工阶段的应用

随着数字化水平的持续提升,数字建造已成为建筑业战略转型的关键路径。为了满足日益增长的居民对优质饮用水的需求,城市既有水厂的处理工艺需要进行全面升级和扩能改造。位于深圳市中心的某水厂扩能改造工程面临用地紧张、厂区管线保护、供水安全保障、水下湿法顶管作业以及复杂空间设备安装等多重施工挑战。通过应用倾斜摄影、GIS、Dynamo、Civil 3D、Revit、AR、BIM5D等技术,该项目实现了场地优化、多专业模型整合、模拟分析、可视化方案比选、三维技术交底及数字化项目管理,有效解决了上述问题。整体上,项目显著提高了施工效率和质量,实现了在不停产状态下的扩能改造,最终达到了提升质量和效率的目标。

某高速公路扩建工程路基施工技术研究

以某高速公路扩建工程为研究背景,根据施工现场情况和施工经验确定扩建地基处理整体施工方案,从扩建路基地基处理、路基施工、土工格栅加筋施工以及新旧路基搭接施工等方面,论文对扩建工程路基施工技术进行了深入研究。

膨胀加强带替代伸缩后浇带的技术应用

膨胀加强带替代伸缩后浇带在实际应用中,能够有效地简化工序,减免裂缝产生,减少漏水隐患,实现大体量混凝土结构的持续浇筑,为缩短工期和保证质量带来显著效果。为此,结合工程实例的施工难点,分析膨胀加强带和伸缩后浇带的特点及区别,通过探究膨胀加强带替代伸缩后浇带技术的原理及在工程实例的实施情况,并对应用效果进行了总结。

基于最小累计阻力模型的卢氏县土地生态适宜性评价

按用途可将城市土地景观划分为生态用地和建设用地两部分,这两部分用地扩张可以看作是此消彼长的动态过程。采用ArcGIS软件模拟土地扩张运动,构建以两个过程最小累计阻力差值模型为基础的城市土地适宜性评价机制。以河南省三门峡市卢氏县为例,选取建设用地和生态用地作为土地扩张源,分别从土地固有生态属性因子、外延生态属性因子两个因子,8个方面建立阻力评价体系。评价结果表明,适宜生态保护用地扩张面积为932.14 km^(2),占县域面积的23.28%;适宜建设用地扩张面积为3 071.87 km^(2),占县域面积的76.72%。运用最小累计阻力差值模型将卢氏县划分为生态开发不困难、一般困难、较困难、困难4个区域,各区域面积分别为176.18、755.96、811.61、2 260.26 km^(2),分别占县域面积的4.40%、18.88%、20.27%、56.45%。适于建设用地开发的难易程度分区与适宜生态保护用地相反。