The Study on Protection and Construction Mode of Urban Ecologically Sensitive Areas

The paper had analyzed the necessity and feasibility for the protection and utilization of urban ecologically sensitive areas, proposed planning urban ecologically sensitive areas reasonably and combining ecological protection with development construction. Guiding the healthy and ordered development of urban spaces was the key part and important approach to realize ecological cities. The guiding thought for development construction of ecological cities had been discussed, which was conducting laddered development according to the location and coverage of urban ecologically sensitive areas and protection grades of these sensitive areas. Then, it had proposed four kinds of protection and construction modes, which were tourism leisure green lands, relevant expositions, industrial areas and new city groups, and which had been analyzed by combining with successful cases, so as to provide feasible win-win development strategies of ecology and economy for the planning of urban ecologically sensitive areas in the future.

Study on Transformation of Ideas of Environmental Protection Administration and Construction of Ecological Civilization in China

The transformation process of ideas of environmental protection administration in China was introduced firstly,and then the connotation and construction of ecological civilization were analyzed.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

In the 21st century, landscape ecology should be able to design the environmental construction. The landscape ecological construction is to protect biological diversity positively, which follows the theories such as adapting to nature, mutualism and symbiosis, adjusting structure and improving function, controlling parts and adjusting the whole, and other theories of landscape ecology. This paper took humid temperate zones, landscape ecozones etc. as examples to express how to use these theories to carry out landscape ecological construction. The author put forth three points of land ecological construction: protection of rare and endangered organisms; restoration and reconstruction of important ecosystems; protection of community diversity of plant.

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper.It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.

Coordinated development of land multi-function space: An analytical framework for matching the supply of resources and environment with the use of land space for ecological protection, agricultural production and urban construction

Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction,in the new era of land space planning system.Moreover,a framework is constructed for the coordinated development of the multi-functional oriented space to match the use of land space(ULS)with the supply of resources and environment(SRE).Based on this,the technology and methods of comprehensive evaluation,dominance recognition,and matching relationship division functions of the use of land space(FULS)and functions of the supply of resources and environment(FSRE)are discussed.The advantageous functions of the use of land space(AFULS)and advantageous functions of the supply of resources and environment(AFSRE)are also identified in the study area.A LMFS coordinated development system integrating“function position-comprehensive partition-regulation strategy”is proposed.Through the empirical study of Shandong province,we found that,first,the FULS of ecological protection space in the province is mainly found in high value areas,and the FSRE is mainly in low value areas,which has certain complementarity in the space.The FULS of agricultural production space is mainly observed in high value areas,the FSRE is mainly in middle value areas,and the spatial distribution is balanced and staggered.The FULS of the urban construction space and the FSRE are mainly in middle values areas,and the spatial distribution is basically similar.Second,the FULS in the study area is dominated by the single advantage of agricultural production and urban construction,while the FSRE has a relatively balanced distribution of the advantages of ecological protection,single agricultural production and compound advantages of agricultural production and urban construction,and urban construction and ecological protection.The matching between the two is mainly at high and middle levels.Specifically,70%of the province’s land space still has a certain development and utilization potential,and 30%of ULS intensity is close to or exceeds the resource and environment carrying capacity.Third,considering the comprehensive impact of resource endowment,social and economic development and policy and institutional environment on different matching relationships,this paper constructs the land spatial development strategic pattern of“two screens-seven regions-multicore”positioning and“four regions-eight categories”hierarchical area of Shandong at the macro level,and puts forward a differentiated land space development strategy.

Study on the Bioengineering Protection Technique for Rock Slopes in Railway

Ecological protection technique of rock slope is a new slope protection technique,and it is used widely in some supporting engineering of rock slope at railway and highway.But it is always an important research in the field of geotechnical engineering, because the study is related to many subjects and is not systemic and idiographic enough.The paper takes the rock slope of Luozhan(from Luoyang to Zhanjiang)

A profile of environmental science in China

This paper concisely introduced the eco-environmental survey in China and the Chinese scientific programme for environmental research which is being practiced or being planned. China has established a nation-wide system relating to environmental scientific research and environmental administration and has taken the following strategies for solving the environment problems: (1) a series of laws and regulations for environmental protection has been promulgated so as to strengthen the legal administration and economic punishment. (2) the idea of ecological construction has been proposed for the purpose of taking the environmental protection work into the consideration of the national and provincial (or regional) economic construction planning. (3) spreading ecological engineering and ecological technologies have reduced the pollutant sources and have increased the industrial and agricultural economic profit.

基于地质调查的缓坡地建设适宜性评价——以福建省南平市建阳中心城区为例

为构建缓坡地建设适宜性评价体系,合理划定缓坡地开发适宜区、一般适宜区及禁止建设区,科学开发利用低丘缓坡地资源,以福建省南平市建阳中心城区为研究区,在该区综合地质调查的基础上,以小流域为基本评价单元,以剥蚀阶地代替坡度和起伏度等指标,开展具有城镇建设功能指向的土地资源评价研究。以坡度、土体厚度、坡向-地层产状一致性,以及岩性建造、植被类型等为主要指标,进行地质灾害风险性评价,通过构建生态保护重要性、建设适宜性等多维评价体系,最终集成评价了缓坡地建设的适宜性。结果表明:研究区适宜城镇建设开发的缓坡地资源丰富,主要分布在严墩、新岭、兴田、将口、南林、赤岸、芹口等小流域的一级剥蚀阶地内,发生地质灾害的风险性较小,可以按照组团开发的方式逐步进行开发及利用,研究区属于地质灾害非易发区,但是西岸、水尾等小流域的二级剥蚀阶地、三级剥蚀阶地,土体较厚,坡度较陡,植被主要为杉木和毛竹,如果开发边界规划不合理,容易引发滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害。研究成果对我国低丘缓坡地合理开发利用具有较好的借鉴意义。

MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL TIMBER CONSTRUCTION:CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE

This is a research paper with a focus on technical aspects of timber and on recent case studies,discussing the use of timber as multi-frame for multi-level residential buildings in Europe.The authors see this as a relevant topic within the context of the current environmental debate and the use of sustainable materials and construction methods.The conclusion suggests that timber is a high performance construction material adequate for multi-storey residential buildings,even in an urban context.

环境设计专业技术科学类课程思政内涵建设及实践——以环境设计技术基础课程为例

环境设计技术基础课程对学生认识环境现状及解决环境中的各类工程问题有很大帮助。结合环境设计技术基础课程的教学内容,从建立新型环境观念、关注生态环境保护和公共利益保障、注重环保低碳等方面深入挖掘课程思政教育与各章节的融合点,形成价值导向与培养目标合而为一的育人模式。从教学效果分析来看,思政点在课程教学中实现有机融合,学生的思想道德素质、分析及解决问题的能力都有较大提高,主要体现在其团队合作及自主学习能力、环保意识、创新意识及职业素养等方面。因此,本课程相关的思政教学探索可以达到优化课程、培养学生更好地为社会服务的目的。

裸漏基岩边坡护坡设计与应用

公路工程建设过程中,裸露基岩边坡如不及时采取防护措施极易造成水土流失、滑坡等灾害的发生。结合某三级公路,工程区总体属中低山剥蚀地貌,工程沿线大部分地段基岩裸漏。裸露基岩边坡防护工程的设计与施工,对施工现场高边坡防护、防排水措施等要点进行了论述,通过边坡生态护坡设计,达到施工质量安全双优目标。

典型黑土区坡耕地表层土壤活性有机碳变化特征

以典型黑土区3种地貌类型区(漫川漫岗区、丘陵漫岗区、平原低地区)坡耕地不同坡位表层土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤总有机碳、高活性有机碳、中活性有机碳和低活性有机碳等指标,分析黑土区坡耕地不同坡位表层土壤活性有机碳的变化特征,探究不同地貌类型区坡耕地土壤活性有机碳变化特征的差异。结果表明,坡耕地各坡位表层土壤总有机碳含量变化范围为26.57~38.61 g/kg,土壤活性有机碳含量变化范围为1.85~5.67 g/kg。3种地貌类型区坡耕地不同坡位土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量变化特征不同。漫川漫岗区总有机碳、中活性有机碳和低活性有机碳含量变化特征均表现为坡上和坡中显著大于坡下、坡上和坡中无显著差异;高活性有机碳含量变化特征则以坡中最高坡下最低,且不同坡位之间高活性有机碳含量差异显著。丘陵漫岗区不同坡位土壤总有机碳和低活性有机碳含量差异显著,并表现为坡下显著大于坡上、坡上显著大于坡中;高活性有机碳和中活性有机碳含量的变化则呈现坡上和坡下显著大于坡中、坡上和坡下无显著差异。平原低地区总有机碳及3种活性有机碳组分的含量在各坡位间的差异均为未达显著水平。不同地貌间典型黑土区坡耕地表层土壤活性有机碳分布规律有所差异,漫川漫岗区和丘陵漫岗区坡耕地土壤有机碳活性最差的坡位分别是坡下和坡中,而平原低地区不同坡位间无显著变化。研究结果为黑土坡耕地生态建设与保护技术的针对性设计奠定了理论基础。

浅谈油气管道工程施工与高原生态环境保护对策

在油气管道工程施工过程中,管沟开挖通常是重要的工序之一,其损毁原有土壤结构,易造成水土流失,土地复垦难度大,影响地表植被持续生长,破坏生态环境稳定。国家对边疆偏远地区经济发展和社会民生非常重视,能源通道建设必不可少,尤其是在青藏高原实施工程建设,满足工程施工的同时,更需要采取严格且有效的技术措施以保护生态环境。在占用草原时,采取适宜的植被保护和恢复技术;穿越河流时,采取有效的技术防范和补救措施;通过环境敏感区及保护区时,采取有效的防渗技术措施;穿越多年冻土区时,采取相应的缓冷保温措施。实践证明,工程施工过程中同步实施并逐步完善相应的技术措施,能够最大限度地降低对生态环境的破坏,最大程度地利于地区环境的可持续发展,在项目建设与生态保护之间发生矛盾和冲突时,力争寻找平衡,实现共赢,维护青藏高原地区生态环境稳定。

自然资源−社会经济−生态系统耦合视角下的生态保护修复转型思考

自然资源、社会经济和生态系统相互作用、相互影响,构成了动态演变的耦合系统。本文明晰了自然资源−社会经济−生态系统耦合视角下生态保护修复的认知内涵,梳理了人地关系、社会−生态系统发展框架等耦合方法理论,分析了当前国土空间生态保护修复工作中存在的不足,主要体现在要素关联的系统性不足、空间尺度统筹的联动性不足、与社会可持续发展目标的协同性不足等。针对这些不足,提出了耦合视角下生态保护修复转型的路径和策略,包括强化系统目标进行模式与格局优化、跨层级联动统筹、高质量协同匹配等,以期为新时期生态保护修复与生态文明建设提供科学依据。

基于生态敏感性评价的山水型旅游度假区保护性开发建设与调控对策——以南京市国家级老山森林公园东区为例

旅游度假资源保护性开发建设是国家生态文明建设的基本要求。以南京市国家级老山森林公园东区为研究对象,提供旅游度假区生态绿色发展的方向与对策。基于GIS空间分析,构建由地形地貌、土地利用、森林生态系统、湿地生态系统、生物多样性等5个要素组成的生态敏感评价指标体系,以30 m×30 m网格评价单元,开展单项因子和综合的生态敏感性评价。结果表明:研究区域生态敏感性整体上较高;单因子生态敏感评价中,土地利用结构和开发强度以及森林生态系统的林木斑块面积与数量对生态敏感程度的影响较为明显。综合生态敏感性评价中,极敏感区和高度敏感区共占研究区域面积的44.79%,中度敏感区约占17.20%,轻度敏感区和不敏感区各占17.16%和20.85%;极敏感区、高度敏感区分布在老山国家级森林公园的生态保育区和核心景观区域、老山南北山坡和山顶及佛手湖等水源涵养区域。构建开发与保护协调的空间格局,提出禁止、限制、管控和支撑5项对策建议。

基于生态保护的高边坡锚杆框架TBS生态植被绿化防护施工工艺研究

山区公路设计不可避免出现高边坡深路堑结构形式,采用锚杆框架TBS生态植被绿化进行边坡防护已经较为普遍。本文对高边坡锚杆框架TBS生态植被绿化防护施工工艺以及植物配置进行研究,结合351国道路堑边坡应用,阐述其生态防护绿色环保的应用优势。

生态砌块技术在公路边坡防护施工中的应用

对生态砌块技术应用于公路边坡防护施工进行分析并验证其应用效果。采用多层级的土工格栅搭接形式,增强内置结构的稳定性,提升整体的平衡性,实现土工格栅互联搭接;进行排水联结扣砌筑及固土处理,并对边坡扎口带及格栅加筋处理,采用分层通缝的生态砌块实现边坡维护。测定结果表明,应用生态砌块技术进行的公路边坡防护施工,得到边坡的双向受力抗压强度为35 MPa,与初始双向受力抗压强度相对比有明显增强,说明在实际施工后,边坡的承载能力增加,抗荷效果提升。

水利工程中的河道生态护坡施工技术研究

水利工程是我国一项基础且重要的民生项目,而其中的生态护坡技术是目前水利工程维持生态环境的一项全新技术手段。相比传统护坡技术而言,该技术的应用能够有效提高河道护坡治理效果,维持周围生态环境稳定与发展。基于此,就水利工程河道生态护坡施工技术进行深入分析。

韩国国立公园管理经验对中国国家公园制度的启示与借鉴

【目的】旨在通过深入探讨与国家公园管理相关的政策难题,借鉴韩国的成功经验,围绕我国国家公园的现状与特色问题,制定更符合我国国情的国家公园发展方案和管理策略。【方法】结合韩国国立公园建设过程中曾面临的挑战,深入探讨了其在监管机构、收益渠道、生态保护、社会参与等方面所采取的策略。通过我国国家公园与韩国国立公园的对比,结合我国国家公园亟待解决的特色问题,强调应当进一步借鉴并完善我国的国家公园制度。【结果】提出了优化我国国家公园制度的管理策略,建议协调管理机构、提升管理效率,优化资金管理、拓宽收入渠道,加强生态保护、打造品牌效应,促进和谐旅游、深化社会参与。【结论】本研究强调,构建和完善我国国家公园管理体制需要多方参与和协同。通过研究韩国国立公园的发展经验,结合我国实际情况提出了相应的发展策略,以完善我国的国家公园制度。关键在于要与我国国情的高度匹配,以确保国家公园的健康、稳定和可持续发展。未来应该更加深入地实施这些策略,加强各部门、各层次和各领域之间的合作,共同促进我国国家公园的长远发展。

促进新一轮找矿突破战略行动与生态保护的协同发展——AI+青藏高原地质信息化建设

青藏高原独特的地质环境和丰富的矿产资源吸引着广泛的地质勘探和资源开发活动。传统的地质勘探手段受限于地形复杂和气候恶劣等因素,导致资源勘查效率低下,还会对生态环境造成一定程度的破坏。在此背景下,将人工智能技术应用于地质信息化建设,成为解决资源勘查与生态保护矛盾的重要途径。深入探索AI+青藏高原地质信息化建设的路径与机制,有助于解决资源勘查与生态保护之间的矛盾,且对于推动地质勘查技术革新及实现资源的可持续利用具有深远的意义。