Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Earthwork and the Strategies of Concrete Construction Technology Application in Building Construction

The pouring of mass concrete and earthwork account for a large proportion in building construction,which can play a decisive role in the quality of the building.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the technology of earthwork and concrete engineering in the process of building construction and propose reasonable application strategies.

Analysis on Construction Technology of Concrete Structure in Civil Engineering

The rapid development of science and technology puts forward higher requirements for new building construction,especially in civil engineering construction.The construction quality of construction engineering is the core management and the testing link.The Concrete structure is an important safety and quality guarantee in the project and is the top priority in the civil engineering.In civil engineering,the concrete structure has an important social impact on the continuous research and development,and application of construction technology.This paper,discuss the advantage and disadvantage of using concrete in building construction.

Study on Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete in High-Temperature and Complex Environments

Recycled aggregate concrete refers to a new type of concrete material made by processing waste concrete materials through grading,crushing,and cleaning,and then mixing them with cement,water,and other materials in a certain gradation or proportion.This type of concrete is highly suitable for modern construction waste disposal and reuse and has been widely used in various construction projects.It can also be used as an environmentally friendly permeable brick material to promote the development of modern green buildings.However,practical applications have found that compared to ordinary concrete,the durability of this type of concrete is more susceptible to high-temperature and complex environments.Based on this,this paper conducts theoretical research on its durability in high-temperature and complex environments,including the current research status,existing problems,and application prospects of recycled aggregate concrete’s durability in such environments.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for studying the influence of high-temperature and complex environments on recycled aggregate concrete and its subsequent application strategies.

Construction monitoring of lock head base plate using distributed optical fibre sensing technique

The concrete hydration heat release process of the base plate is monitored using Roman optical time domain reflectometry（ROTDR） sensing sensors. The monitoring data shows that the internal maximum temperature of the base plate is about 54 ℃ after the concrete was cured for 120 h. The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） temperature sensors are adopted to measure the surface temperature of the concrete and the temperature results are used to compensate the data measured by the pulse-prepump Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer （PPP-BOTDA） to obtain the real concrete surface strain of the base plate. The monitoring data is analyzed to obtain a clear understanding of the strain state of the base plate under the effect of concrete hydration heat release. The monitoring results demonstrate the potential of distributed optical fibre sensing techniques as a powerful tool in real-time construction monitoring, and also provide an important insight into the design, construction and maintenance of large hydraulic structures.

Wireless remote spatiotemporal monitoring of high-fill foundation deformation

The spatial and temporal deformation patterns and deformation control indicators of highfill foundations directly affect the design,construction and operational safety of high-fill projects.In situ monitoring can comprehensively reflect the deformation of high-fill during and after construction.In this paper,we have first designed and installed an integrated wireless remote monitoring system for high-fill to achieve real-time dynamic monitoring of settlement,pore water pressure and soil pressure of the fill foundation.Based on the monitoring results of nearly one year of the construction period and two years after construction,it was found that the deformation amount and deformation rate of the high-fill foundation showed a non-linear growth relationship with the filling rate and filling height.The settlement deformation of the high-fill foundation during the loading period was mainly dominated by the original foundation soil,accounting for 54.4%of the total settlement on average;the settlement deformation during the post-construction period was mainly dominated by the filling body,accounting for 77.04%of the total settlement on average,and the settlement deformation during the post-construction period mainly occurred in the first year after construction.The analysis of the deformation mechanism suggests that the deformation of the filling body is dominated by exhaust consolidation during the loading period and drainage consolidation during the post-construction period;the deformation of the original foundation soil is dominated by drainage consolidation during the loading period and drainage consolidation develops slowly during the post-construction period.It is recommended that the original foundation should be reinforced before the large area filling construction,and that the filling rate should be strictly controlled during construction.The research results can provide a scientific basis for deformation calculation and stability assessment of high-fill foundations.

Analysis of Concrete Crack Treatment Technologies in Buildings

With the continuous development of civil engineering,concrete crack treatment technology has become an important research field.This paper proposes treatment techniques for different types of cracks,including the prevention and repair of surface cracks,the reinforcement and grouting of structural cracks,and the design and construction of controlled cracks through the analysis of the causes and classification of concrete cracks.The methods and suggestions proposed in this paper are practical and can improve the quality and safety of buildings.

Influence of Collapsible Loess on Foundation and its Treatment Strategy

The properties of collapsible loess are complex.The self-gravity of overlying soil,sei gravity stress and additional stress act together,which will damage the soil structure and lead to the deformation of the soil structure.Collapsible loess is widely distributed in Northwest and Northeast China.A series of problems caused by its structural characteristics will affect the quality of foundation construction.Therefore,construction enterprises need to deeply study the foundation treatment measures of collapsible loess,so as to avoid the uneven settlement after the construction of collapsible yellow soil foundation.This paper analyzes from the judgment and classification of collapsible loess,studies the impact of collapsible loess on building fbxmdation construction,and explores the specific construction treatment measures of collapsible loess,in order to promote the effective application of foundation construction.

Compressive strength prediction of sprayed concrete lining in tunnel engineering using hybrid machine learning techniques

Sprayed concrete lining is a commonly employed support measure in tunnel engineering,which plays an important role in construction safety.Compressive strength is a key performance indicator of sprayed concrete lining,and the traditional measuring method is time-consuming and laborious.This paper proposes various hybrid machine learning algorithms to accomplish the advanced prediction of compressive strength of sprayed concrete lining based on the mixture design.Two hundred and five sets of experimental data were collected from a water conveyance tunnel in northwestern China for model construction,and each set of data was made up of six basic input variables(i.e.,water,cement,mineral powder,superplasticizer,coarse aggregate,and fine aggregate)and one output variable(i.e.,compressive strength).In order to eliminate the correlation between input variables,a new composite indicator(i.e.,the water-binder ratio)was introduced to achieve dimensionality reduction.After that,four hybrid models in total were built,namely BPNN-QPSO,SVR-QPSO,ELM-QPSO,and RF-QPSO,where the hyper-parameters of BPNN,SVR,ELM,and RF were auto-tuned by QPSO.Engineering application results indicated that RF-QPSO achieved the lowest mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of 3.47% and root mean square error(RMSE)of 1.30 and the highest determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.93 in the four hybrid models.Moreover,RFQPSO had the shortest running time of 0.15 s,followed by SVR-QPSO(0.18 s),ELM-QPSO(1.19 s),and BPNN-QPSO(1.58 s).Compared with BPNN-QPSO,SVR-QPSO,and ELM-QPSO,RF-QPSO performed the most superior performance in terms of both prediction accuracy and running speed.Finally,the importance of input variables on the model performance was quantitatively evaluated,further enhancing the interpretability of RF-QPSO.

DEMATEL和模糊认知图在地铁深基坑施工安全风险动态评估中的应用

为探究地铁深基坑施工安全风险因素动态作用规律,科学预防施工安全事故,针对目前缺乏因素系统识别、因果关系量化和动态推理分析等共性问题,提出一种基于决策试验和评估实验室(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory DEMATEL)与模糊认知图(Fuzzy Cognitive Map,FCM)的地铁深基坑施工安全风险分析方法。首先,通过理论分析与文献梳理,采用扎根理论识别风险因素;其次,结合专家调研与量化分析,利用DEMATEL方法分析风险因素的因果关系;再次,将DEMATAL决策矩阵转化为FCM模型的交互作用矩阵,展开风险因素的预测与诊断推理分析;最后,选取案例进行实证,验证模型方法的可用性与有效性。结果显示:因素X_(1)(人员安全风险意识)对其他因素的影响程度最高;因素X_(1)(人员安全风险意识)、X_(8)(安全施工组织设计方案)和X_(7)(施工安全风险管理措施)是排名前3的关键风险因素;完善安全施工组织设计方案是最有效的管控对策。

钢筋混凝土拱桥加固施工次序方案及效果评价

为研究钢筋混凝土拱桥最优的加固施工次序,以一座在役4跨箱形拱桥的加固方案为背景,设计了3组针对性的加固方案,并对不同拆除加固施工次序下的主拱圈力学性能进行了分析;采用恒载应力变化率(αD)和荷载效应变化率(αN)评价了施工中拱圈的应力变化规律及加固后原拱圈的荷载效应。研究结果表明:拱上结构的拆建次序对加固后主拱圈的力学性能影响较小,但对加固过程中主拱圈的受力状态影响较大;拱顶对称拆除时αD<0,结构处于“卸载”状态,有利于拱桥施工中的受力;αN随着拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增速减缓,故加固层材料利用率也随拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增幅变缓;αN越大,则加固效果越好。

日本桥梁施工工艺技术

针对桥梁结构特点和现场施工条件,日本桥梁技术人员在桥梁施工工艺技术方面做了一些有益的尝试。鹫见桥Ⅱ期工程最高墩高125 m,采用预先在工厂制作部分预制构件的方法,加快了施工进度;Ⅱ期、Ⅰ期工程桥梁间距仅50 cm,为避免Ⅱ期工程施工对Ⅰ期工程运营造成影响,采用了智能预警监控系统。日见梦大桥桥塔端斜拉索采用钢锚箱锚固,塔柱混凝土浇筑采用透明模板监控混凝土浇筑质量。杨梅山高架桥支点梁段采用分层浇筑以及钢筋部品化预制安装等施工工艺,缩短了工期。思惟花笑大桥为主跨150 m的连续刚构桥,最高墩高93 m,箱梁腹板与底板相交处钢筋密集,为确保混凝土填充密实,采用混凝土填充模拟系统确定最佳浇筑方法;该桥跨度大、墩身高,混凝土泵送距离长,通过多项混凝土工艺试验,提高了长距离泵送悬臂浇筑施工质量;采用新研发的三眼照相机对钢筋绑扎质量进行检测,实现了钢筋检测作业自动化。

利用制浆黑液研制混凝土减水剂及其在建筑工程上的应用研究

在制浆造纸过程中产生的大量制浆黑液对环境有很大危害,处理制浆黑液时要把环境和水源的保护考虑在内。目前制浆黑液混凝土减水剂的研发及应用于建筑工程,是安全绿色处理制浆黑液的有效途径,不仅使废料重新利用,还节约了减水剂制造成本,达到双赢效果。制浆黑液研制的减水剂对混凝土制品抗压性能和抗渗性能的提升及其在建筑工程上的应用是建筑行业及制浆造纸行业的巨大突破。废料的二次利用不仅节约了制造成本,还降低了混凝土的生产成本,更好地保护了环境,从而实现了可持续发展,为以后的制浆黑液废液处理提供了新的思考方向和借鉴价值。

环境因素影响下钢筋混凝土索塔爬模施工仿真分析方法

为探究爬模施工进程中索塔空间温度场和应力场分布,掌握塔柱线形特性,提出一种索塔爬模施工仿真分析方法.利用Fortran编程语言开发相应子程序,对结构施加复杂温度边界,实现不同节段混凝土水化放热、收缩徐变.利用Abaqus软件对索塔爬模施工过程进行分析.结果表明:施工过程中索塔空间温度分布不均匀,塔柱表里最大温差达25.9℃,向阳面与背阴面温差最大为9℃;考虑温度效应后,塔柱所受拉应力更大,且空间应力分布具有很强的时变性,索塔线形特征与变化规律也发生改变;施工塔顶累积竖向位移先增大后减小,在爬模第16节段达到最大值20.5 mm;施工过程塔顶累计顺桥向和横桥向位移更大,最大值分别为6.5和22.3 mm.

高层房屋建筑施工技术要点

文章以山西省太原市某高层住宅工程为例,从深基坑支护、地基处理以及大体积混凝土施工等方面,详细阐述具体的施工技术要点与注意事项,以期为相关从业人员提供参考,全面提高高层房屋建筑施工质量,打造高品质建筑产品。

聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土在建筑工程中的应用

通过添加聚丙烯纤维可以改善再生混凝土的力学性能及耐久性,使得再生混凝土的经济效益、便捷性等优势在建筑工程中广泛应用。对于解决建筑垃圾、优化环境具有重要价值,成为高性价比的建筑材料。

盐渍土区域基础混凝土防腐蚀施工技术措施研究

混凝土是重要的建筑材料,其应用于建筑工程时,应关注防腐蚀施工技术措施的运用,尤其是在盐渍土区域。以盐渍土区域基础混凝土防腐蚀施工的必要性为切入点,在此基础上,分析其施工技术措施,包括信息采集、方案分析、材料控制、现场施工、防腐检验与跟踪等。最后对盐渍土区域基础混凝土防腐蚀施工技术进行展望,服务后续工作,进一步提高混凝土结构的质量水平和防腐蚀能力。

孟加拉帕德玛大桥半预制半现浇混凝土边护栏施工技术

孟加拉帕德玛大桥公路桥面边护栏采用钢筋混凝土墙式护栏,总长约18 km,高度达1.8 m,护栏外侧设置装饰槽,护栏底部伸至桥面板顶面以下且截面尺寸小。对护栏全现浇和全预制2种施工方案进行分析,提出一种半预制半现浇组合施工方案。预制现浇分界线以护栏顶面中间位置开始延伸至与桥面翼缘顶面接触位置,外侧采用预制,预制节段长1.5 m;内侧采用现浇,现浇节段长度一般为9 m,根据灯柱的布置,设置6 m或7.5 m的调节分段长度,实现模块化施工。在预制场采用预制台座、模板和平躺预制方式预制边护栏的外侧部分,涂刷缓凝剂对预制现浇的湿接缝处进行冲洗凿毛,并预留锚固钢筋,利用预埋的吊装吊耳和支撑角钢在桥上安装预制的外侧部分后现浇内侧部分,通过锚固钢筋将边护栏与桥面板结合在一起。采用该施工方案,每月可预制1300片护栏,现浇段每月可施工3600 m,5个月内完成护栏现浇,护栏施工完成后的整体混凝土外观质量优良。

翼缘尺寸对地聚物混凝土T形梁抗剪性能的影响

为探究翼缘尺寸对地聚物混凝土T形梁抗剪性能的影响,对1根普通混凝土和4根不同翼缘尺寸的地聚物混凝土T形梁进行了集中荷载下的抗剪试验;试验获得了T形梁试件的承载力、挠度、钢筋应变、破坏模式及裂缝的开展等相关参数。研究结果表明:地聚物混凝土T形梁具有与普通混凝土T形梁相似的裂缝扩展、破坏模式及抗剪承载力,但其刚度和斜截面开裂荷载较低,跨中纵筋和箍筋的应变较大;将翼缘厚度与截面有效高度比值从0.24增大到0.48时,地聚物混凝土T形梁的刚度增大、跨中纵筋应变减小,抗剪承载力提高了12.7%,地聚物混凝土的归一化抗剪强度增大了25.3%;当翼缘宽度超过两倍腹板宽度时,继续增大能减小跨中纵筋应变,但地聚物混凝土T形梁的刚度、抗剪承载力及地聚物混凝土归一化抗剪强度不再增大。规范ACI 318—19和Eurocode 2的计算结果明显低估了地聚物混凝土T形梁的抗剪承载力,GB 50010—2010较接近试验值。为更好预测地聚物混凝土T形梁的计算抗剪承载力,建议在抗剪承载力计算公式中增加翼缘有效受剪面积所提供的剪力。