Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the Surroundings of Hydropower Projects under Construction in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem,on the earth,has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade. However,every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya,it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards,such as landslides,rock fall and soil erosion,have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study,therefore,focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage Ⅱ (800 MW) and the Parbati Stage Ⅲ (520 MW) hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities,the existing land use pattern,status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects,frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ have been analysed in the paper. Also,the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.

Key techniques for evaluation of safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering

For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high

Research on Delay Risks of EPC Hydropower Construction Projects in Vietnam

In recent years, in Vietnam, economy has been developing rapidly. To ensure rapid and sustainable economic growth, strong support from the energy sector is required. Governments in Vietnam have invested in numerous hydropower projects, many of which employ the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contract. However, the EPC general contractors are facing many difficulties, resulting in schedule delays and considerable losses. This research is conducted to highlight the main risk factors in the delays of hydropower construction projects in Vietnam. The research employs the method of statistical calculations and risk analysis to obtain feedback from experts participating in similar projects. The research outcomes are as follows: identifying the risks that can cause delays in EPC hydroelectric construction projects in Vietnam;calculating and classifying the degree of impact of each risk to the progress of the construction. The practical significance of this study is to ensure the timely completion of projects, benefits for the investors, and the EPC general contractors.

Research On Construction Traffic Safety Measures Based On FAHP Model In Hydropower Project

With the rapid expansion of hydropower projects, Construction safety problem has become one of the bottlenecks for the development of hydropower industry. Combined with the construction of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station, from the point of view of construction traffic safety, based on the result of the FAHP model, factors which influence the construction safety of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station have been found, relative measures focuses on the approach to eliminate hazards and guarantee construction safety have been elaborated.

Analysis of Winter Concrete Construction in Water Conservation Project

The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,the temperature during winter remain at lower level,in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects.In particular,low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification,this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction.In order to overcome this barrier,better planning,for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.

Quantifying impacts of climate and human activities on the grassland in the Three-River Headwater Region after two phases of Ecological Project

The Three-River Headwater Region(TRHR)of China is a typical representative of the alpine environment in the Central Asian plateau and the alpine grassland in the world.Grassland degradation is one of its serious eco-logical problems.The purpose of this study is to quantify the joint impacts of climate and human activities on grassland changes in TRHR after two phases of Ecological Conservation and Construction Project(Ecological Project).Grassland vegetation coverage is selected as an indicator for analyzing grassland changes.We adopt Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis,residual trend analysis and correlation analysis methods to analyze the trends in spatial-temporal changes and driving factors of grassland in TRHR from 2000 to 2019.The results show that:(1)The grassland has been mainly restored,and the degraded grassland area only accounts for 1.66%of TRHR.After the implementation of the first phase of the Ecological Project,the percentage of restored grassland area has significantly increased from 8.82%to 24.57%,and slightly decreased during the second phase.(2)The establish-ment of national nature reserves and the implementation of the Ecological Project have changed the situation that“the grassland inside the reserve is worse than that outside the reserve”.(3)Grassland restoration is mainly af-fected by the joint effects of climate and human activities.Nevertheless,grassland degradation is mainly affected by human activities such as overgrazing and grassland reclamation.All of these findings can enrich our under-standing of grassland restoration in TRHR.Artificial measures have certain limitations in promoting grassland restoration.Natural restoration should be considered when human beings strengthen ecological conservation and transform their production and life styles.

昆仑山北坡区域高质量发展面临的问题、机遇与挑战

昆仑山北坡区域是新时代维护国家安全的重要战略部署区和“丝绸之路经济带”核心区关键通道,战略地位十分突出。但由于历史和自然的原因,该区域经济发展相对滞后。系统分析显示,昆仑山北坡区域目前存在的水资源利用上线偏低、水利工程建设严重滞后、城镇化进程缓慢、产业布局相对单一且缺少重要产业布局,以及区域高质量发展动能不足等问题,结合区域自然环境特点和发展机遇,提出加快构建经济带城市群体系,打造多产业协同发展的昆仑山北坡经济带,大幅提升水资源上线和水利工程管控能力,为昆仑山北坡农业提质增效提供水资源保障,系统打造昆仑山北坡农-林-牧复合基地,构建多元化食物供给体系,以能补水,提升资源综合利用效率,通过兵地优势互补、资源共享,加快推进昆仑山北坡经济带建设和高质量发展等建议。研究成果可为加快昆仑山北坡经济带生态安全和高质量发展提供科技支撑。

基于文本挖掘的水电工程施工物体打击事故致因分析

为探明水电工程施工过程中物体打击事故的致因及作用关系,提出针对性的事故预防措施,从源头遏制事故发生。遴选水电工程施工物体打击事故调查报告,运用文本挖掘从人、机、环、管4个方面提取14项事故致因。融合关联规则、决策试验和评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法,厘清致因因素间的关联关系,构建重要度分析模型,确定事故近端致因因素。结果表明:水电工程物体打击事故各致因间联系紧密,其中,安全监督检查不到位、违章作业、安全防护措施不完备、安全意识淡薄等致因因素对事故发生具有直接影响作用。现场清理不彻底、安全技术交底不到位、安全教育培训不到位等是诱发事故的深层影响因素,且安全意识淡薄的中心度排名第一,对事故致因系统的影响较大,在实际施工中应着重考虑上述致因因素。

水利建设投资对经济增长影响效应研究

水利基础设施建设作为扩大内需的重要领域,具有吸纳投资大、产业链条长、形成工程量快、促进就业能力强等特点,承载着稳投资、稳增长的重任。10年来,全国水利建设完成投资达到7.5万亿元,先后实施了172项、150项重大水利工程,为稳定经济大盘、推动江河治理、增进民生福祉提供了重要支撑。在新阶段新形势的要求下,跟踪水利建设投资数据,建立常态化的研究机制,科学研判水利建设投资对经济增长的影响尤为重要,不仅有助于更好发挥水利建设经济成效,而且也为促进经济回稳向上提供水利支撑。

浅议BIM技术、智能监测、绿色节能在建设工程项目管理中的应用

文章研究了BIM和智能监测的建设工程项目管理在绿色节能领域的创新应用。通过详细分析和探讨,揭示这一整合应用的核心原理和关键作用。通过综合BIM、智能监测和绿色节能理念,强调了这一整合应用对于实现可持续建筑和更高效能源利用的重要性,为未来建筑工程的发展提供了方向。

水电工程TBM洞挖料资源化利用对策与思考

针对TBM洞挖料的综合利用率偏低、难以满足新形势下更高水平的绿色施工要求等问题,结合TBM洞挖料的材料特性及处理现状,分别从混凝土骨料、堆石坝筑坝材料及其他用途等方面开展了TBM洞挖料潜在利用方式的可行性讨论,提出了TBM洞挖料资源化利用需要关注的问题、常规处理手段及未来应用趋势,研究结果可为推动TBM洞挖料综合利用研究和创新实践方向提供参考。

不同影像处理方法在大坝施工范围识别中的应用分析

【目的】施工范围是大坝建设过程中施工精细化管理的基础内容,传统的施工范围识别方法主要是人工解译,效率低、成本高、主观性强。将影像智能解译的新方法应用于大坝施工范围识别成为一项有挑战性的技术问题。【方法】以我国贵州省凤山水库为研究区,通过对大坝施工范围特点与现有常用的遥感影像解译方法的分析,针对大坝施工范围具有的区域面积大且连续、地物复杂、人工扰动性程度高等特征,选用高分二号和哨兵二号遥感影像,研究不同的遥感影像解译方法在大坝施工范围自动识别的应用效果。【结果】文中用到的三种方法均取得较好的结果,且分别具有不同的优势。【结论】结果表明,基于影像分割的施工范围识别方法、基于变化检测的施工范围识别方法和基于影像智能分类的施工范围识别方法均能取得较好的识别结果,其中第二种方法最优,且无需人工干预;第三种方法次之,但是方法二和方法三对样本的数量和质量依赖性较高,且存在离散图斑错分的现象;第一种方法容易受阈值的选择和叠加分析的影响,识别精度低于后两种,但是处理流程简单、容易实现。

基于web技术的有限元模型和成果可视化方法研究

在水利水电工程设计及运行阶段,经常使用有限元分析方法进行结构受力变形分析。以往多数情况下都是高校或科研单位将有限元分析结果以固定图表的成果形式以研究报告的方式呈现给设计或运管单位,倘若边界条件或材料参数发生变化,设计或运管单位无法实时了解新的计算成果。随着Web技术的发展,使得将有限元模型和分析成果以可视化、交互式的方式向设计及运管人员进行实时呈现成为可能。借用基于WebGL技术封闭的Three.JS框架,实现了拱坝三维有限元网格模型及分析成果在用户浏览器上的可视化呈现,能够让用户通过交互式方式对有限元模型及分析成果进行动态浏览和查看,方便用户全面了解计算成果。该方法为数字孪生水利工程建设提供了计算分析成果在线查询技术,具有广泛的应用价值。

特急曲线水利隧洞针梁台车设计与施工

水利基础设施建设过程中,特急曲线水利隧洞具有弯多、弯急的特点。普通针梁台车在此类隧洞工程施工中,出现弯道碰壁、受压变形等诸多问题,传统施工装备与技术的适应性难题亟待解决。以金沙江向家坝灌区北总干渠一期工程望江岩隧洞衬砌施工为依托,在传统全圆针梁台车既有设计方法的基础上,开展加大单次衬砌长度、整体快速拆合、优化结构形式、改变脱模方式、实现高通用性等方面研究;研制特急曲线水利隧洞全圆针梁台车,创新台车不同状态下的施工工法,解决了台车在曲线处行走时会触碰隧洞壁,台车过特急曲线隧洞需重复拆卸及安装,衬砌完成后上、下侧模在受力状态下出现模板反向咬合等问题,有效推动了特急曲线隧洞施工装备设计方法革新。实际应用结果表明,所开发的特急曲线水利隧洞全圆针梁台车及其相关施工技术大幅度提高了特急曲线水利隧洞施工效率,降低了施工成本,保证了施工安全和工程质量。

现代化水利水电工程管理现状及改进策略研究

分析现代化水利水电工程管理现状问题,提出合理运用混凝土碾压技术、加强施工总平面规划、合理实施水利水电工程管理技术、加强施工导流及围堰管理、执行施工区域的监控管理计划等改进策略。经运用,以上策略可全面降低建设过程中的安全风险,提升工程建设质量与效率,解决现阶段水利工程管理效率及水平有待提高等问题。

水利水电工程开发在全面建成小康社会中的历史贡献研究

水利水电工程建设与开发为全面建成小康社会发挥了无可替代的历史作用,包括开发区移民帮扶脱贫,工程建设带动内需以及保障国家能源安全、水资源安全和粮食安全等。通过典型案例,分析水利水电工程开发在全面建成小康社会中的巨大历史贡献,以期探究其历史价值与意义,便于帮助正确认识水利水电工程的建设与发展。

智慧水利阶段的水利水电工程信息化建设研究

鉴于水利水电工程建设和运行周期长、参建单位多、专业分工细、管理难度大等特点,深入剖析水利水电工程建设期与运行期的业务特点及需求,结合水利部关于智慧水利、数字孪生工程等相关技术要求,详细研究建设内容、关键技术组成及实现路径,提出以数字孪生为核心的水利水电工程信息化建设体系,形成覆盖工程建设期的建设管理、智能建造、智慧工地,运行期的工程安全、兴利调度、运营管理等2个阶段的总体框架,涵盖数据底板及模型平台和知识平台的数字孪生平台,以及主要业务应用建设方案,为进一步完善和发展智慧水利水电工程建设提供借鉴。