Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the Surroundings of Hydropower Projects under Construction in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.

Key techniques for evaluation of safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering

For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high

Research on Delay Risks of EPC Hydropower Construction Projects in Vietnam

In recent years, in Vietnam, economy has been developing rapidly. To ensure rapid and sustainable economic growth, strong support from the energy sector is required. Governments in Vietnam have invested in numerous hydropower projects, many of which employ the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contract. However, the EPC general contractors are facing many difficulties, resulting in schedule delays and considerable losses. This research is conducted to highlight the main risk factors in the delays of hydropower construction projects in Vietnam. The research employs the method of statistical calculations and risk analysis to obtain feedback from experts participating in similar projects. The research outcomes are as follows: identifying the risks that can cause delays in EPC hydroelectric construction projects in Vietnam;calculating and classifying the degree of impact of each risk to the progress of the construction. The practical significance of this study is to ensure the timely completion of projects, benefits for the investors, and the EPC general contractors.

Research On Construction Traffic Safety Measures Based On FAHP Model In Hydropower Project

With the rapid expansion of hydropower projects, Construction safety problem has become one of the bottlenecks for the development of hydropower industry. Combined with the construction of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station, from the point of view of construction traffic safety, based on the result of the FAHP model, factors which influence the construction safety of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station have been found, relative measures focuses on the approach to eliminate hazards and guarantee construction safety have been elaborated.

Analysis of Winter Concrete Construction in Water Conservation Project

The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,the temperature during winter remain at lower level,in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects.In particular,low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification,this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction.In order to overcome this barrier,better planning,for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.

Quantifying impacts of climate and human activities on the grassland in the Three-River Headwater Region after two phases of Ecological Project

The Three-River Headwater Region(TRHR)of China is a typical representative of the alpine environment in the Central Asian plateau and the alpine grassland in the world.Grassland degradation is one of its serious eco-logical problems.The purpose of this study is to quantify the joint impacts of climate and human activities on grassland changes in TRHR after two phases of Ecological Conservation and Construction Project(Ecological Project).Grassland vegetation coverage is selected as an indicator for analyzing grassland changes.We adopt Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis,residual trend analysis and correlation analysis methods to analyze the trends in spatial-temporal changes and driving factors of grassland in TRHR from 2000 to 2019.The results show that:(1)The grassland has been mainly restored,and the degraded grassland area only accounts for 1.66%of TRHR.After the implementation of the first phase of the Ecological Project,the percentage of restored grassland area has significantly increased from 8.82%to 24.57%,and slightly decreased during the second phase.(2)The establish-ment of national nature reserves and the implementation of the Ecological Project have changed the situation that“the grassland inside the reserve is worse than that outside the reserve”.(3)Grassland restoration is mainly af-fected by the joint effects of climate and human activities.Nevertheless,grassland degradation is mainly affected by human activities such as overgrazing and grassland reclamation.All of these findings can enrich our under-standing of grassland restoration in TRHR.Artificial measures have certain limitations in promoting grassland restoration.Natural restoration should be considered when human beings strengthen ecological conservation and transform their production and life styles.

Influences of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects on Runoff in Qingjiang River Upstream Basin

Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual precipitation, but is significantly reduced after reservoir construction compared to earlier values. Comparisons of intense, pre- and post-construction rainfall events suggest that the Chebahe and Dalongtan reservoir projects respectively clips the magnitude of the flood peaks and delays runoff delivery.

浅议BIM技术、智能监测、绿色节能在建设工程项目管理中的应用

文章研究了BIM和智能监测的建设工程项目管理在绿色节能领域的创新应用。通过详细分析和探讨,揭示这一整合应用的核心原理和关键作用。通过综合BIM、智能监测和绿色节能理念,强调了这一整合应用对于实现可持续建筑和更高效能源利用的重要性,为未来建筑工程的发展提供了方向。

不同影像处理方法在大坝施工范围识别中的应用分析

【目的】施工范围是大坝建设过程中施工精细化管理的基础内容,传统的施工范围识别方法主要是人工解译,效率低、成本高、主观性强。将影像智能解译的新方法应用于大坝施工范围识别成为一项有挑战性的技术问题。【方法】以我国贵州省凤山水库为研究区,通过对大坝施工范围特点与现有常用的遥感影像解译方法的分析,针对大坝施工范围具有的区域面积大且连续、地物复杂、人工扰动性程度高等特征,选用高分二号和哨兵二号遥感影像,研究不同的遥感影像解译方法在大坝施工范围自动识别的应用效果。【结果】文中用到的三种方法均取得较好的结果,且分别具有不同的优势。【结论】结果表明,基于影像分割的施工范围识别方法、基于变化检测的施工范围识别方法和基于影像智能分类的施工范围识别方法均能取得较好的识别结果,其中第二种方法最优,且无需人工干预;第三种方法次之,但是方法二和方法三对样本的数量和质量依赖性较高,且存在离散图斑错分的现象;第一种方法容易受阈值的选择和叠加分析的影响,识别精度低于后两种,但是处理流程简单、容易实现。

昆仑山北坡区域高质量发展面临的问题、机遇与挑战

昆仑山北坡区域是新时代维护国家安全的重要战略部署区和“丝绸之路经济带”核心区关键通道,战略地位十分突出。但由于历史和自然的原因,该区域经济发展相对滞后。系统分析显示,昆仑山北坡区域目前存在的水资源利用上线偏低、水利工程建设严重滞后、城镇化进程缓慢、产业布局相对单一且缺少重要产业布局,以及区域高质量发展动能不足等问题,结合区域自然环境特点和发展机遇,提出加快构建经济带城市群体系,打造多产业协同发展的昆仑山北坡经济带,大幅提升水资源上线和水利工程管控能力,为昆仑山北坡农业提质增效提供水资源保障,系统打造昆仑山北坡农-林-牧复合基地,构建多元化食物供给体系,以能补水,提升资源综合利用效率,通过兵地优势互补、资源共享,加快推进昆仑山北坡经济带建设和高质量发展等建议。研究成果可为加快昆仑山北坡经济带生态安全和高质量发展提供科技支撑。

基于文本挖掘的水电工程施工物体打击事故致因分析

为探明水电工程施工过程中物体打击事故的致因及作用关系,提出针对性的事故预防措施,从源头遏制事故发生。遴选水电工程施工物体打击事故调查报告,运用文本挖掘从人、机、环、管4个方面提取14项事故致因。融合关联规则、决策试验和评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法,厘清致因因素间的关联关系,构建重要度分析模型,确定事故近端致因因素。结果表明:水电工程物体打击事故各致因间联系紧密,其中,安全监督检查不到位、违章作业、安全防护措施不完备、安全意识淡薄等致因因素对事故发生具有直接影响作用。现场清理不彻底、安全技术交底不到位、安全教育培训不到位等是诱发事故的深层影响因素,且安全意识淡薄的中心度排名第一,对事故致因系统的影响较大,在实际施工中应着重考虑上述致因因素。

水利水电工程移民社会融合状态全过程评估理论初探

作为水利水电工程建设大国,中国水利水电企业“走出去”仍然面临相对滞后的水电标准问题。从推动“一带一路”倡议、构建中国话语权和提升中国现代化程度的角度出发,初步构建水利水电工程移民社会融合状态全过程评估理论,并就总体框架、过程评估与结果评估进行了阐释。在过程评估上区分为规划期、安置期和后期扶助期;在结果评估上分为环境适应、人口发展、文化融合3个方面。以三峡工程为案例,初步检验了全过程评估理论的科学性、合理性与可行性。未来有关工程移民的研究还应拓展全过程评估的应用范围,进一步对社会重构问题给予足够的关注,并着力构建具有中国特色的评估体系。

水利建设投资对经济增长影响效应研究

水利基础设施建设作为扩大内需的重要领域,具有吸纳投资大、产业链条长、形成工程量快、促进就业能力强等特点,承载着稳投资、稳增长的重任。10年来,全国水利建设完成投资达到7.5万亿元,先后实施了172项、150项重大水利工程,为稳定经济大盘、推动江河治理、增进民生福祉提供了重要支撑。在新阶段新形势的要求下,跟踪水利建设投资数据,建立常态化的研究机制,科学研判水利建设投资对经济增长的影响尤为重要,不仅有助于更好发挥水利建设经济成效,而且也为促进经济回稳向上提供水利支撑。

推进长江流域已建水利水电工程生态流量保障与管理的思考

河湖生态流量保障是维持河湖生命、复苏河湖生态环境的重要举措,是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的重要内容。水利水电工程在水资源调配、保障河湖生态流量、复苏河湖生态环境方面具有重要作用。在分析长江流域重点河湖生态流量保障与管理工作成效的基础上,总结归纳已建水利水电工程生态流量保障与管理存在目标核定难度大、生态流量认识不统一、监控能力不足等主要问题。以问题为导向,以保障河湖生态流量为目标,以强化水利水电工程调度保障为手段,坚持流域统筹、系统推进,因地制宜、分区分类,问题导向、健全措施,部门协同、形成合力,提出推进已建水利水电工程生态流量保障与管理的总体思路。围绕生态流量目标核定、监测预警、泄放设施完善、统一调度、部门协调、经费保障,提出深入推进已建水利水电工程生态流量保障与管理的对策建议,为维护流域河湖生态系统健康及推动长江经济带水利高质量发展提供支撑。

水利水电工程移民社会融合全生命周期支持体系建构

水利水电工程移民社会融合关乎移民生计恢复和可持续,有利于维护工程安全和移民社会稳定,对于推动移民高质量发展和共同富裕至关重要。建立中国特色的水利水电工程移民社会融合支持体系是顺应“一带一路”倡议和“走出去”战略,提高国家话语权和国际影响力的重要基础。目前理论和实证层面不乏对水利水电工程移民社会融合问题的探讨和实践,但缺乏移民社会融合支持及标准体系研究。为建立具有中国特色的移民社会融合支持体系,从水利水电工程移民生命周期分析入手,探索水利水电工程移民社会融合全生命周期支持体系,详细介绍了其内涵、关键要素、支持目标,并以湖北三峡工程移民工程社会融合支持为实例证明了该支持体系的可行性和科学性,最后对该理论体系的局限性和未来发展方向提出建议。

基于混凝土防渗填筑技术的水利大坝工程施工设计研究

针对水利大坝工程混凝土防渗填筑技术施工设计面临的渗透控制问题,研究提出了一种新的混凝土配合比优化方法。该方法通过科学配比混凝土材料,提高了混凝土的抗渗性能,从而有效解决了大坝混凝土渗透问题。研究结果表明,水利大坝水平位移在5个月后趋于平稳,最终位移量约为10 cm。大坝结构稳定,没有出现异常变形或潜在的安全问题。

水电工程TBM洞挖料资源化利用对策与思考

针对TBM洞挖料的综合利用率偏低、难以满足新形势下更高水平的绿色施工要求等问题,结合TBM洞挖料的材料特性及处理现状,分别从混凝土骨料、堆石坝筑坝材料及其他用途等方面开展了TBM洞挖料潜在利用方式的可行性讨论,提出了TBM洞挖料资源化利用需要关注的问题、常规处理手段及未来应用趋势,研究结果可为推动TBM洞挖料综合利用研究和创新实践方向提供参考。