Forty Years' Construction of Rule of Law and the Legalization of Human Rights Protection in China

A market economy requires the individual rights of citizens be protected, and that the exercising of those rights be regulated, whose realization depends on the legalization of human rights protection On the one hand, individual rights must be protected by law On the other hand, a law-based society needs to be built so the boundaries of individual rights are clear, the exercising of those rights are regulated, conflicts between rights can be resolved through the courts, and the personal infringement of others’ rights and the overall interests of the society is prohibited by law During the 40 years of China’s ref orm and opening-up in China, the promotion of the legal protection of human rights mainly lies in three aspects: first, the important role of the rule of law plays in protecting human rights has been clarified; second, the four steps of the rule of law(scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, judicial justice and observance of the law by all Chinese citizens) have been strengthened to safeguard human rights fully and effectively; third, the Chinese human rights system under the rule of law has gradually been aligned with international norms.

Notes on the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Chinese Traditional Culture

1. Introduction The role of law and human rights in Chinese traditional culture seem to be a real conundrum with misunderstanding and controversies. Some Western politicians and scholars who did not probably delve into and equip with related knowledge were apt to take an adverse stand. For example, Chris Pat-

Democracy on the Road toward the Rule of Law Started from Umbrella Movement

This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.

The Approach to Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

The essence of Chinese modernization of the rule of law is to promote a modern legal system in China.The approach to Chinese modernization of the rule of law refers to the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.By comprehensively reviewing the history and reality,theory and practice,and actual and desirable aspects of Chinese modernization of the rule of law,we can summarize the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.This approach containssvariouselements,including a leadership system for the rule of law with centralized and unified leadership by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China,a rule of law virtue principle of putting the people first,a functional orientation of the rule of law toward national governance,and a historical-legal consciousness that inherits fine traditional Chinese legal culture.These key elements play a prominent role and can effectively showcase the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.Describing such a Chinese approach not only helps to summarize the fundamental experience of Chinese modernization of the rule of law but also showcases the Chinese logic and Chinese characteristics in this modernization process.

SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD International Rule of Law and Rule of Law Construction in China

The rule of law has international as well as domestic attributes, so it can be divided into two levels： the domestic rule of law and the international rule of law. Using the thinking behind the international rule of law to build the rule of law in China is both necessary and inevitable. China should put into practice the idea of the international rule of law at the institutional and the governance levels, and should at the same time participate in the UN＇s rule of law activities and in international rule-making, thereby extending its rule of law discourse power and influence in the international sphere.

CONSTRUCTION OF A GOVERNMENT UNDER THE RULE OF LAW - AN OVERVIEW OF REPORT ON CHINA LAWDEVELOPMENT 2014： CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL GOVERNMENT

At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was passed and delineated the direction for the research of our nation＇s construction of a government under the rule of law. For years, the government at various levels and administrative agencies adhered to conducting work on the legal course under the CPC＇s leadership, actively promoting administration according to law, and constructing a government under the rule of law, and have made enormous achievements. However, there many difficulties still co-exist, along with challenges and opportunities. By adopting theoretical and empirical research approaches such as data analysis, normative analysis, interviews and investigations, questionnaires, counter-measure research, and case studies, this article discusses and conducted systematic and in-depth research on the theoretical framework of the construction of a government under the rule of law from macroscopic, to microscopic aspects. This article outlined the basic contexts and realistic vision for China＇s construction of a government under the rule of law, which can provide active implementation of the project of construction of government under the rule of law with a basis in theoretical referenee.

数字时代图书馆法治建设高质量发展的五维审思

图书馆是文化资源的储存库和提取库,担负着凝聚民族亲和力与团结力的历史使命。数字时代《公共图书馆法》及其相关法律为数字化法治化图书馆的设立、运行及服务等提供了规范依据,呈现出布局时空、内驱外引、业态迭新、为民服务的发展优势。2023年2月中共中央、国务院相继印发《质量强国建设纲要》,指出要大力推动图书馆、博物馆等公共文化场馆数字化发展,加快线上线下服务融合。图书馆所蕴含的文化、教育、开放、共享等价值理念成为人民实现和平与发展的精神品格,有助于保障人民公共利益权利,有助于满足人民群众对文化资源获取的美好期待,有助于团结全体人民智慧共建人类文明共同体。

论习近平法治思想对中华优秀传统法律文化的传承创新——基于党的二十大报告关于依法治国的视角

习近平法治思想坚持赓续我们党百余年法治和深刻传承中华法治几千年恢宏壮丽法治史中的精华,深刻体现了“中国之治”的文化自信,是弘扬中国特色社会主义法治文化的典范。习近平法治思想重视从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取“奉法强国”的信念、全面依法治国的智慧和治国理政的经验,探寻强化法治生命力的路径。面对百年变局叠加世纪疫情,全球治理体系和国际秩序变革异常激烈,国际法治遭遇强烈挑战。习近平法治思想在中国法治和国际治理的实践中,坚持知古鉴今,弘扬中华法治智慧、吸收世界法治文明精华;资政育人,“中国方案”“中国之治”“中国智慧”既充分彰显国际法治的正道、顺应历史发展潮流、增进国际社会民生福祉,又更加增强中华法治自信,彰显中华优秀传统法律文化的时代特色。习近平法治思想把以人民为中心作为法治中国建设的基本立场,从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取法治中国建设的不竭动力,是引领法治中国建设的思想旗帜和强劲动力源,是打破“西方中心论”长期遏制中国法治理论话语权的有力武器。新时代,推进法治中国建设,应坚持以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦中国式现代化的法治新课题,把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论,深耕中华优秀传统法律文化,使其成为推进全面依法治国的智慧和力量源泉。

新时代我国行政区划的制度设计、目标指向与优化策略

新时代在完善优化行政区划制度设计过程中,坚持发展与治理并重的新理念是认识前提,加强党对行政区划工作的集中统一领导是根本保障,持续推动法治建设是关键支撑,健全论证评估机制与方法是基本路径。在目标导向方面,应重点关注三项新课题:以优化基层行政区划为主要着力点,提升超大特大城市的资源承载能力;通过优化乡镇行政区划设置,推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化;通过优化收缩型城市和“小县”的行政区划设置,助推区域协同高质量发展。作为完成上述目标的保障机制,要在充分发挥党的全面领导、协调各方作用基础上强化党政部门协同,在明确价值导向前提下健全论证与评估体系,系统总结我国行政区划设置的历史经验,提升调整方案的明确性,减少调整的“后遗症”。

欠发达地区县级公共图书馆法治建设任重道远——对鄂、渝、湘、黔若干县级图书馆的调研分析

文章选取了我国欠发达地区25个县级公共图书馆,围绕《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的具体实施情况开展深入调查。发现当前我国欠发达地区县级公共图书馆的法治化治理水平有所提升,但地方政府依法保障的情况仍然堪忧。为此提出了4个基层公共图书馆法治建设着力点,为新时代基层公共图书馆的法治化建设和高质量发展提供参考。

道德支撑法治文化建设的基本路径探析

法治文化是人们对法治所持有的共同价值观念、追求、思维方式、信仰等,以及相应的法律制度、实践活动、物质成果的总和。法治文化既包括精神层面的要素,也包括物质层面的要素,还包括实践层面的要素。法治文化建设是当前我国实现依法治国、建设法治中国的重要内容和基本方略之一。道德对法治文化建设具有重要的支撑作用。道德支撑法治文化建设至少包括五个方面:道德对科学立法的支撑;道德对严格执法的支撑;道德对公正司法的支撑;道德对全民守法的支撑;提升“关键少数”道德素质助推法治文化建设。

区域国别法学的理论内涵与体系架构

区域国别法学作为新兴的交叉学科,在新时代法学教育体系中具有重要的学科地位和时代价值,我国需要以问题为导向,在厘清该学科内涵与外延的基础上,对其进行科学系统的理论建设和学科建设。该学科是对特定国家或地区的法律制度和法律文化进行研究,探究不同国家和地区法律体系的运行规律,从整体上把握该国或该地区的法律特点和法律发展方向,进而探寻不同法律制度之间的共同价值观念与契合点。区域国别法学要始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,坚持习近平法治思想与外交思想,服务于我国涉外法治建设,并为全球治理体系的改革作出贡献。该学科的人才培养,要打破常规,走跨学科、跨院系的协同创新之路,构建国别法律人才“双协同”培养机制。

北京某三甲医院法律服务需求及法治建设调查

通过对北京某三甲专科医院全部一级科室负责人的问卷调查和深度访谈,全面了解医院临床医技科室和行政职能部门对法律服务的认知情况以及医疗纠纷、非医疗纠纷的法律服务需求。调查结果显示,中层管理干部法律意识整体提升,医疗纠纷的防范与化解是医院对法律服务需求的主旋律。同时,非医疗类的法律纠纷处理及法律服务需求也不容忽视。研究结合国家政策要求与医院实际情况,提出了推进医院法治建设的建议与措施。医院对法律服务的需求大幅提升,应重视法治建设在医院高质量发展过程中的作用。

新时代背景下推动法治文化融入高校校园文化建设探究

法治文化是社会主义先进文化的重要组成部分,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分,对于促进高校学生全面发展具有重要意义。在全面依法治国背景下,将法治文化融入高校校园文化,是落实全面依法治国战略的时代要求。高校应当积极推进法治文化融入校园文化建设,以期提升大学生法治素养,增强法治教育实效。文章积极探索推动法治文化融入高校校园文化的意义价值,结合实际情况分析高校校园文化与法治文化建设的现实困境,向内深究把握高校校园法治文化的内容核心,向外结合探索校园文化建设的手段方法,研究出了一条可以有效推动法治文化融入高校校园文化的创新路径。

论中国式现代化与法治的关系

党的二十大和党的二十届三中全会先后提出并发展完善了中国式现代化与法治关系这一重大时代命题。法治不仅是世界现代化国家的共同特征之一,更是中国式现代化实现的重要保障。基于世界各国现代化的历史逻辑、习近平法治思想的理论逻辑、中国实现现代化的实践逻辑,推进中国式现代化必须在法治轨道上实现。世界范围内比较成熟的3条法治化道路均不适合中国,惟有走符合中国特色的自我构建式法治道路。自我构建式道路由坚持中国共产党领导、坚持以人民为中心、贯彻中国特色社会主义法治理论3项原则,以及传承中国优秀传统法律文化、用法典表达法律的历史惯性、依法治国与以德治国相结合的优良传统、以调止讼的东方智慧4项构成组建而成。

自然资源资产有偿使用的法治化构造

自然资源资产有偿使用是生态文明体制的改革重点。从基本属性、资源利用和表现形式三个方面廓清自然资源资产的概念内涵是建构自然资源资产有偿使用制度的逻辑起点。在宏观层面,公权力规制失范与私权利保障失衡是阻滞自然资源资产实现有偿使用的主要原因。在实践层面,价值核算体系混乱、使用范围模糊、使用方式粗放是推动自然资源资产有偿使用走向法治化道路的现实动因。以法治维度构造自然资源资产有偿使用制度,应以“公权管制”与“私权自治”为中心,准确释明自然资源资产的法律概念;明确允许有偿使用的自然资源资产范围;建立自然资源资产收益共享机制;完善自然资源资产有偿使用的程序性规则,为维护国家所有者权益和建设美丽中国提供制度保障。

法治社会建设视域下司法促进道德建设的方法论

司法具有弥合价值分歧、凝聚价值共识功能,对弘扬社会主流的道德价值观,引领良好社会道德风尚的生成具有重要价值。司法作为社会道德建设的重要途径,在促进道德建设中具有权威性、具体性、有限性特点。司法促进社会的道德建设,应加强审判过程的释法说理、守住判决结果的公平正义、司法审判引导社会舆论、加强司法宣传机制建设、支持社会公众参与司法等。同时,社会的道德建设成效,反过来也会促进司法价值的实现。

加强法治建设,为建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国筑牢基石

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,统筹推进其一体化发展,基础在于加强法治建设。应立足中国实际,遵循法治规律,坚持顶层设计和法治实践相结合,聚焦党和国家的战略规划,针对实践中存在的问题、人民群众关切的重点问题,以及法律制度的空白点和冲突点,统筹推进教育、科技、人才三大领域的法治建设,具体措施为:统筹推进教育法治建设,优先加快教育立法;完善中国特色科技法律体系,以专项立法助力新兴技术的重点突破;夯实人才领域法治基石,营造以人为本、开放包容的人才发展环境。

电子数据收集应当被纳入本次《刑事诉讼法》修改

《刑事诉讼法》修改引起了社会广泛关注,但是电子数据收集纳入本次《刑事诉讼法》修改尚未获得足够重视,这与电子数据收集在刑事诉讼中日益重要的客观趋势不相符合。将电子数据收集纳入《刑事诉讼法》的必要性基于以下三个事实:一是电子数据收集在侦查实践中越来越被依赖;二是将电子数据收集手段纳入《刑事诉讼法》进行规制已在全球范围内形成共识;三是我国当前相关立法存在严重不足。当前理论和实践的阶段性成果为将电子数据收集纳入《刑事诉讼法》奠定了可行性基础。理论界对电子数据证据属性、电子数据取证程序构建及个人信息保护等议题已做出大量贡献,为电子数据收集的法治化提供了坚实的理论支持。同时,我国在电子数据收集立法上已积累了丰富经验,相关的技术标准和真实性审查规则已日趋完善。因此,在《刑事诉讼法》修改中纳入电子数据收集的内容,是顺应信息化发展趋势的必然选择,对于平衡追诉犯罪和保护公民权利之间的关系,促进刑事诉讼的公正和效率,具有重大的理论和实践意义。