Ultimate negative bending-moment capacity of outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams

Static load tests and bearing capacity analyses are carried out for two outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams. The load-deflection curve and the load-strain curve of specimens are obtained and analyzed. The test results indicate that effective cooperation can be achieved by the shearresistant connection between the reinforcement in the negative moment area and the outer-plated steel beam, and the overall working performance of the composite beams is favorable. At the load-bearing limiting state, the plastic strain on the maximum negative and positive moment section becomes fully developed so as to form relatively ideal plastic hinges. With the increase in the reinforcement ratio, the moment-carrying capacity of the composite beams improves significantly, but the ductility of the beams and the rotation ability of the plastic hinges decrease. The formulae for calculating the limit bending capacity in the negative moment area of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams are proposed based on the test data. The calculated results agree well with the test results.

Double-layer model updating for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridge based on GPS

In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Measured frequencies are selected as the first-layer reference data, and the mass of the bridge deck, the grid density, the modulus of concrete and the ballast on the side span are modified by using a manual tuning technique. Measured global positioning system （GPS） data is selected as the second-layer reference data, and the degradation of the integral structure stiffness EI of the whole bridge is taken into account for the second-layer model updating by using the finite element iteration algorithm. The Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai is taken as a case to verify the applicability of the proposed model updating method. After the first-layer model updating, the standard deviation of modal frequencies is smaller than 7%. After the second-layer model updating, the error of the deflection of the mid-span is smaller than 10%. The integral structure stiffness of the whole bridge decreases about 20%. The research results show a good agreement between the calculated response and the measured response.

Closed-form solution for shear lag effects of steel-concrete composite box beams considering shear deformation and slip

Based on the consideration of longitudinal warp caused by shear lag effects on concrete slabs and bottom plates of steel beams,shear deformation of steel beams and interface slip between steel beams and concrete slabs,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite box beams under lateral loading were derived using energy-variational method.The closed-form solutions for stress,deflection and slip of box beams under lateral loading were obtained,and the comparison of the analytical results and the experimental results for steel-concrete composite box beams under concentrated loading or uniform loading verifies the closed-form solution.The investigation of the parameters of load effects on composite box beams shows that:1) Slip stiffness has considerable impact on mid-span deflection and end slip when it is comparatively small;the mid-span deflection and end slip decrease significantly with the increase of slip stiffness,but when the slip stiffness reaches a certain value,its impact on mid-span deflection and end slip decreases to be negligible.2) The shear deformation has certain influence on mid-span deflection,and the larger the load is,the greater the influence is.3) The impact of shear deformation on end slip can be neglected.4) The strain of bottom plate of steel beam decreases with the increase of slip stiffness,while the shear lag effect becomes more significant.

A new 3-D element formulation on displacement of steel-concrete composite box beam

Slip of a composite box beam may reduce its stiffness, enlarge its deformation and affect its performance. In this work, the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of composite box beams were established. Analytic solutions of combined differential equations were also established. Partial degree of freedom was adopted to establish a new FEA element of three-dimensional beam, taking into account the slip effect. Slip and its first-order derivative were introduced into the nodes of composite box beams as generalized degree of freedom. Stiffness matrix and load array of beam elements were established. A three-dimensional nonlinear calculation program was worked out. The results show that the element is reliable and easy to divide and is suitable for special nonlinear analysis of large-span composite box beams.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of steel-concrete composite beams

Proposes a simplified finite element model for steel-concrete composite beams. The effects of slip can be taken into account by creating a special matrix of shear connector stiffness and using the iteration method. Meanwhile, the effect of material non-linearity of steel and concrete on rigidity and strength of composite beams is considered. With the age-adjusted effective modulus method, the analysis for the whole process of shrinkage and creep under long-term load can be performed. The ultimate load, deflection, stress and slip of continuous composite beams under short-term and long-term load are computed using the proposed finite element model. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results and existing values based on other numerical methods, and are found to be in good agreement.

Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

Distortional buckling analysis of steel-concrete composite box beams considering effect of stud rotational restraint under hogging moment

Restrained distortional buckling is an important buckling mode of steel-concrete composite box beams(SCCBB)under the hogging moment.Rotational and lateral deformation restraints of the bottom plate by the webs are essential factors affecting SCCBB distortional buckling.Based on the stationary potential energy principle,the analytical expressions for the rotational restraint stiffness(RRS)of the web upper edge as well as the RRS and the lateral restraint stiffness(LRS)of the bottom plate were derived.Also,the SCCBB critical moment formula under the hogging moment was derived.Using twenty specimens,the theoretical calculation method is compared with the finite-element method.Results indicate that the theoretical calculation method can effectively and accurately reflect the restraint effect of the studs,top steel flange,and other factors on the bottom plate.Both the RRS and the LRS have a nonlinear coupling relationship with the external loads and the RRS of the web’s upper edge.Under the hogging moment,the RRS of the web upper edge has a certain influence on the SCCBB distortional buckling critical moment.With increasing RRS of the web upper edge,the SCCBB critical moment increases at first and then tends to be stable.

The Design and Analysis of Long-Span and Low-Depth Prestressed Composite Steel-Concrete Beam Bridge

The design scheme of long span and low depth composite steel concrete beams is introduced, and the methods of avoiding the cracking of concrete deck in the negative moment regions are proposed. Moreover, significant exploration for problems of the composite beams has been made, such as optimizing construction steps to regulate the stress, applying jacking technique to exert prestress on the concrete deck, investigating the uplifting force principle of the shear connectors by means of model test and non linear finite element analysis, and pointing out the countermeasure to reduce tension force of the shear connectors.

Bending Stiffness of Truss-Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

This paper is concerned with a special steel-concrete composite beam in which the resisting system is a truss structure whose bottom chord is made of a steel plate supporting the precast floor system. This system works in two distinct phases with two different resisting mechanisms: during the construction phase, the truss structure bears the precast floor system and the resisting system is that of a simply supported steel truss;once the concrete has hardened, the truss structure becomes the reinforcing element of a steel-concrete composite beam, where it is also in a pre-stressed condition due to the loads carried before the hardening of concrete. Within this framework, the effects of the diagonal bars on the bending stiffness of this composite beam are investigated. First, a closed-form solution for the evaluation of the equivalent bending stiffness is derived. Subsequently, the influence of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of shear reinforcement is studied. Finally, results obtained from parametric and numerical analyses are discussed.

Dynamic Characteristics of Long -Span Steel -Concrete CompositeBeam Bridge Based on Vehicle -Bridge Coupling Effect

In order to investigate the effect of vehicle-bridge coupling on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge,a steel-concrete composite beam suspension bridge is taken as the research object,and a three-dimensional spatial model of the bridge and a biaxial vehicle model of the vehicle are established,and then a vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is constructed on the basis of the Nemak-βmethod,and the impact coefficients of each part of the bridge are obtained under different bridge deck unevenness and vehicle speed.The simulation results show that the bridge deck unevenness has the greatest influence on the vibration response of the bridge,and the bridge impact coefficient increases along with the increase in the level of bridge deck unevenness,and the impact coefficient of the main longitudinal girder and the secondary longitudinal girder achieves the maximum value when the level 4 unevenness is 0.328 and 0.314,respectively;when the vehicle speed is increased,the vibration response of the bridge increases and then decreases,and the impact coefficient of the bridge in the middle of the bridge at a speed of 60 km/h achieves the maximum value of 0.192.

Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

Fatigue properties of special kind of reinforced concrete composite beams

The special reinforced concrete composite beam consists of a steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete composite layer and a reinforced concrete T-beam, and constructional bars are set up at their bonding interface. Fatigue properties of the composite beam under the action of negative moment were experimentally studied. Through inverted loading mode the load-beating state of a composite beam was simulated under the action of negative moment. With the ratios of constructional bars being 0, 0.082% and 0.164% respectively as parameters, the effects of constructional bars on the properties of composite beam, such as fatigue life, crack propagation, rigidity loss as well as damage behavior of bonding interface, were studied. The mechanism of the constructional bars on the fatigue properties of the composite beams and the restriction mechanism of crack widths and rigidity loss were analyzed. The test results show that the constructional bars can enhance the shear resistance of the bonding interface between composite layer and old concrete beam and restrict expanding of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete, which are beneficial to synergistic action of composite layer and old concrete beam, to reducing the stress amplitude of bars and the crack width of composite layer, and to increasing the durability and fatigue life of the composite beam.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete(NC)composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam(CCB)bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports.This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC)layer.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region,field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge.The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics(cracking resistance,economy,durability,and constructability).In the field investigation,strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck,rebar,and steel beam in the negative bending moment region,as well as mid-span deflection,were measured under different load cases.Also,a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results.The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results.This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.

沁伊黄河大桥主梁施工方案研究

沁伊黄河大桥主桥采用85m+25×100m钢混组合梁,主梁采用整体槽型箱组合截面,主梁总高4.8m,桥面总宽16.56m。为了减少对河道的施工干扰,经综合比选,主桥施工时不在水中设置临时墩,采用无支墩顶推法施工。主梁采用多点自平衡分联顶推工艺,标准步距0.35m。钢主梁顶推到位后,分别对中支点和边支点设置20cm和25cm的预抬升,再按“皮尔格”法进行混凝土桥面板架设。计算结果表明,顶推过程中主梁各关键部位受力及稳定性均满足要求。

钢-混凝土组合梁螺栓连接件受剪性能试验研究

传统螺栓连接件的直径小于钢梁预留孔的孔径,导致螺栓与孔壁存在间隙,容易引发钢梁与上部混凝土板间发生相对滑移使组合梁挠度增大。为尽量减小或消除上述间隙,本文引入铰制孔螺栓和螺纹孔螺栓作为组合结构的剪力连接件,并提出锥套自锁螺栓连接件。设计并开展了8个螺栓连接件推出试验,基于各试件的荷载-滑移曲线,研究了3种螺栓连接件与传统螺栓连接件间的抗剪承载力、滑移能力及抗剪刚度等受剪力学性能的具体差异。研究结果表明:3种螺栓连接件的破坏形态与传统螺栓连接件表现一致,均为螺栓杆剪断,混凝土无压溃现象;3种螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力均接近于传统螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力;基于试件的荷载-滑移曲线,3种螺栓连接件均可分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段及破坏阶段;3种螺栓连接件的延性系数和抗剪刚度均明显优于传统螺栓。综合考虑力学性能、施工性能和经济性,本文建议选用铰制孔螺栓用于组合结构的剪力连接件。

铝合金-混凝土组合梁抗剪承载力计算方法

为了改善部分外包混凝土组合梁在使用中腐蚀生锈、钢筋混凝土劣化等问题,本文提出了铝合金-混凝土组合梁的结构形式,建立了有限元模型并进行参数分析,分析了铝合金-混凝土组合梁抗剪承载力在不同参数下的变化规律。根据改进拉压杆计算模型得到混凝土的应力传递路径,采用叠加法提出考虑铝合金梁腹板和腹部混凝土抗剪贡献的铝合金-混凝土组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。研究结果表明:公式计算值与有限元值比值的平均值为1.018,标准差σ为0.151,表明该计算公式离散性较小,具有可行性,可以为相关研究提供理论参考。

挪威贝特斯塔德大桥钢箱梁吊装施工技术

贝特斯塔德大桥为挪威新建地方公路Fv.17/720(迪雷斯塔德至马尔姆项目)的一部分,位于挪威中部斯泰恩谢尔市,跨越贝斯塔德峡湾。该桥上部结构为钢混凝土叠合梁桥,全长580m,桥宽11m,共6跨,主跨为112m×2,建成时,为中国施工企业建造的最大跨度钢箱混凝土叠合梁桥,基础采用钢管外壳钢筋混凝土斜桩,水中承台采用薄壁圆角承台,墩柱采用实心钢筋混凝土。

超长距离顶推施工导梁屈曲分析研究

以某UHPC钢混组合梁全断面超长距顶推施工项目为背景,针对前置导梁容易产生加劲隔板焊缝失效缺陷等问题,采用SOLIDWORKS并结合ABAQUS有限元软件,选取实际导梁前三节段建立局部导梁分析简化模型,基于可能出现的隔板失效模式,进行含缺陷导梁的屈曲响应分析.结果表明:局部模型第三根纵隔板失效对导梁稳定性影响最大,该缺陷导梁一阶屈曲特征值由3.36下降至2.31.顶推施工中应频繁对第三纵隔板,以及处于三、四纵隔板之间的上下横隔板进行焊缝质量与局部变形检验,确保超长距离顶推施工中导梁截面的稳定性.