Metal vapor behavior in double electrodes TIG welding

In present paper, the metal vapour behavior in double electrodes TIG welding was investigated by a numerical model, including the arc plasma and weld pool. The thermodynamic parameters and transport coefficients of the arc plasma were dependent on both the local temperature and the mass ratio of the metal vapour. A second viscosity approximation was used to formulate the diffusion coefficient of the metal vapour in the arc plasma. The temperature and flow fields together with the metal vapour concentration were simulated, and the influences of metal vapour on the arc plasma and the weld pool were analyzed. It was found that the metal vapour transport in the arc plasma was significantly influenced by the flow of the arc plasma, and the distribution of the metal vapour was more extended in the direction perpendicular to the line through the double electrodes tips. Both the arc plasma and the heat flux at the weld pool were constricted by the presence of the metal vapour, while the metal vapour had a minor effect on the total heat input to the work piece and the weld pool profile as a whole.

Microscopic Structure and Property of Double-Electrode Gas Metal Arc Welding of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

This paper focuses on the research on double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness. During the welding process, stable hybrid arc of metal inert gas(MIG) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) is employed as welding heat source. Optical and electron microscopes are used to observe the microstructures of the weld joint. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) are employed to identify the components in fusion zone. Microhardness is also tested. When the MIG current is 80 A, the perfect weld joint is obtained, though figures of fish scales are observed in all joints in the research. The fusion zone is formed by dendrites, where β-Mg17(Al, Zn)12is dispersed. The hardness in fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) is lower than that in base metal(BM). The average Vickers hardness of fusion zone and HAZ is about 58 and 56 respectively, while the Vickers hardness of BM is about 63.

Modeling, Simulation and Control of Pulsed DE-GMA Welding Process for Joining of Aluminum to Steel

Joining of aluminum to steel has attracted significant attention from the welding research community,automotive and rail transportation industries.Many current welding methods have been developed and applied,however,they can not precisely control the heat input to work-piece,they are high costs,low efficiency and consist lots of complex welding devices,and the generated intermetallic compound layer in weld bead interface is thicker.A novel pulsed double electrode gas metal arc welding（Pulsed DE-GMAW）method is developed.To achieve a stable welding process for joining of aluminum to steel,a mathematical model of coupled arc is established,and a new control scheme that uses the average feedback arc voltage of main loop to adjust the wire feed speed to control coupled arc length is proposed and developed.Then,the impulse control simulation of coupled arc length,wire feed speed and wire extension is conducted to demonstrate the mathematical model and predict the stability of welding process by changing the distance of contact tip to work-piece（CTWD）.To prove the proposed PSO based PID control scheme’s feasibility,the rapid prototyping experimental system is setup and the bead-on-plate control experiments are conducted to join aluminum to steel.The impulse control simulation shows that the established model can accurately represent the variation of coupled arc length,wire feed speed and the average main arc voltage when the welding process is disturbed,and the developed controller has a faster response and adjustment,only runs about 0.1 s.The captured electric signals show the main arc voltage gradually closes to the supposed arc voltage by adjusting the wire feed speed in 0.8 s.The obtained typical current waveform demonstrates that the main current can be reduced by controlling the bypass current under maintaining a relative large total current.The control experiment proves the accuracy of proposed model and feasibility of new control scheme further.The beautiful and smooth weld beads are also obtained by this method.Pulsed DE-GMAW can thus be considered as an alternative method for low cost,high efficiency joining of aluminum to steel.

Effect of pulse M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld forming

In view of the unstable welding process of Tri-Arc DE,surfacing test with Q235 steel plate was completed with the help of the self-built high-speed camera and waveform synchronous acquisition system using the Tri-Arc DE technology. The effects of pulsed M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld formation were analyzed. The results show that while the gradual increase of pulse frequency,the droplet transfer frequency gradually decreases,which is followed by several drops per pulse,one drop per pulse,and one drop within several pulses. The most ideal transfer form is one drop per pulse,of which the welding process is the most stable,and the quality of weld formation is the most satisfied.

Digital pulsed MIG welding machine based on adaptive fuzzy controller

Digital pulsed metal inert gas welding machine with double closed-loop control mode is designed and implemented. It realizes precision control for real time energy and demonstrates the flexibility of digital control. Test results of design prototype show that the designed control strategy can effectively adapt to the change of arc length and achieve ideal droplet transfer via one drop per pulse mode. Thus the welding process is stable and the weld bead is good.

基于旁路耦合电弧的铝钢MIG熔钎焊研究

实现铝钢良好连接的关键是有效控制焊接热输入,尽量降低中间层铝铁金属间化合物的厚度,一般认为中间层金属间化合物厚度小于10μm时铝钢接头质量良好。提出旁路耦合电弧熔钎焊方法,通过调节旁路电弧电流的大小来控制焊接热输入。在优化控制系统和工艺参数的基础上采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊方法将铝镁合金ER5356堆焊到304不锈钢板上,获得结合良好的焊缝。对焊接接头进行扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、能量色散光谱仪(Energy dispersive spectrometry,EDS)分析,结果表明:铝与不锈钢焊接接头中间层金属间化合物平均厚度约为8μm,小于10μm的临界厚度;脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊方法能够实现铝钢的连接,是一种新型低成本低热输入电弧焊方法。

基于有限元分析对新型DE-GMAW焊缝尺寸预测

DE-GMAW将一个TIG焊枪与一个MAG焊枪相组合,利用TIG焊的旁路,分流一部分通过焊丝的焊接电流,在保证焊缝熔敷率的同时,减小作用于母材的热输入,是一种低成本的高效焊接方法。对DE-GMAW进行有限元计算,定量分析焊接温度场与焊缝形状尺寸,将为该新工艺的参数优化提供基础数据。针对DE-GMAW的特点,对SYSWELD软件进行相应扩展,给出了对焊缝余高部分的简化处理方法,提出了相应的焊接热源作用模式,建立了DE-GMAW热过程的有限元模型。对DE-GMAW工艺条件下的焊接过程进行了有限元分析,得出了焊缝横断面尺寸以及周围的热场分布,并将计算与实测结果进行了比较,为DE-GMAW工艺优化提供了依据。

双熔化极旁路电弧焊控制系统控制器快速原型实现

在介绍了双熔化极旁路电弧焊这种高效的焊接方法基础上,采用了基于xPC实时目标环境,建立了双熔化极旁路电弧焊实时目标的硬件平台,运用Matlab/Simulink工具开发了双熔化极旁路电弧焊控制系统的快速原型,并进行了不同控制器下的焊接特性及工艺方面的试验研究.结果表明,模糊控制器的控制效果优于九点控制器,且快速原型控制系统具有很好的快速响应性能,能较好地实现双熔化极旁路电弧焊过程稳定焊接,焊缝成形美观、飞溅小.

双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺

在介绍了双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊(双丝旁路耦合电弧(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW))高效焊接工艺原理的基础之上,采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统,进行双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高速焊接工艺试验,测量双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW母材热输入,分析双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺机理,并对双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺方法进行改进,进一步研究混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW及其熔滴过渡行为,且开发出单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW。研究表明:采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统使双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW焊接过程稳定性更好、精确度更高且响应速度更快;旁路分流是实现高效焊接的同时降低母材热输入的关键;采用混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能进一步提高焊接过程稳定性,单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能形成良好的焊缝成形,且设备成本低。

单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊工艺

针对常规双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)的控制过程较复杂、焊接成本较高等问题,提出了采用单电源实现双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW的方法,并设计了采用快速原型技术的实验系统.同时,进行了大量焊接工艺实验.实验结果表明:采用单电源的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW可以稳定焊接,但相对于双电源的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW其稳定工作区间更窄;通过调节旁路送丝速度快慢的焊接工艺实验,分别找到了在主路电流为300、350、400、450、500、550A时旁路送丝速度的稳定工艺区间.

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊“弧长—电流”双路闭环控制

针对新型双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊过程极不稳定、焊缝成形差的问题,模拟分析了焊接参数之间的影响规律,提出了通过旁路送丝速度控制旁路弧长、通过旁路电流控制母材电流的"弧长—电流"双路闭环控制方案并进行了控制模拟分析与预测.在此基础上,采用快速原型试验系统,利用Matlab/Simulink,进行了"弧长—电流"双路闭环控制焊接试验并与模拟结果进行了对比、验证与分析.结果表明,采用"弧长—电流"双路闭环控制方案,可以在有效地解决焊接过程稳定性问题的同时保证流经母材电流的稳定,并得到了成形良好的焊缝.

脉冲DE-GMAW过程熔滴受力分析及电流波形设计研究

针对为了实现铝-钢高效高质量的连接,提出一种高效低热输入的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW)方法。为了使其焊接过程熔滴平稳过渡,分析旁路电弧对熔滴过渡时电流密度的影响,确定脉冲DE-GMAW熔滴过渡时电磁力的作用机制,在主路为脉冲电流情况下,分别设计旁路波形与主路组合形式即为恒定电流、交替脉冲电流和同步脉冲电流三种形式的研究,并使用高速摄像拍摄熔滴过渡图像,进行对比分析试验验证。结果表明,焊接电流波形及组合形式不同会导致作用于焊接熔滴的受力发生改变,从而使得焊接过程的稳定性与焊接质量也发生变化,对比分析得出采用同步脉冲电流时的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊焊接过程稳定、熔滴过渡均匀一致且焊缝成形平整美观。

脉冲频数对pulsed DE-GMAW焊缝成形的分析

针对脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊(pulsed DE-GMAW)焊接过程中熔滴过渡和焊缝成形控制难题,基于高速摄像等在内的硬件系统和x PC的快速原型软件系统构成的试验系统,对不同的脉冲数量对熔滴过渡和焊缝成形的影响进行了分析.结果表明,在主路电流不变的情况下,随着双脉冲旁路电流的峰值脉冲数增加,自由过渡的次数增加;随着双脉冲旁路电流的基值脉冲数增加,短路过渡的次数增加.但较多的短路过渡次数会导致焊接过程不稳定,产生较大飞溅.在此基础上,确立了双脉冲旁路电流的双脉冲峰值脉冲数与基值脉冲数匹配来控制熔滴过渡方式,因此获得较好的焊缝成形.

DE-GMAW电弧焊系统的建模及自适应控制

为了提高焊接效率和质量,本文针对可消耗的双电极气体保护金属极电弧焊系统,建立了一个双输入双输出的非线性模型,并基于投影估计和极点配置法设计了离散自适应控制器。给出了建模和控制的具体推导过程。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。

采用单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧高效GMAW方法的“碳钢-不锈钢”堆焊接头微观组织测试与分析

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效GMAW采用特定的接法,通过旁路电弧的分流作用可以实现高效、低热输入、低稀释率的焊接过程。采用该方法在Q235碳钢表面堆焊了耐磨、耐蚀的316L不锈钢材料,同时检测分析了不同焊接参数下的异种钢堆焊接头微观组织形貌,分析了旁路电流的变化对接头界面区碳元素迁移与焊缝合金元素稀释的影响。结果表明:随着旁路电流的增加,对接头焊接质量影响较大的界面处碳迁移层厚度明显减小,焊缝中合金元素稀释的过渡区域宽度也显著降低。

旁路电流对镁合金非熔化极气体保护焊接熔池及其残余应力的影响

利用ANSYS软件对厚度为2 mm的AZ31B镁合金薄板的非熔化极气体保护焊(DEGMAW)焊接过程进行有限元分析,利用间接耦合法计算焊件的温度场,分析AZ31B镁合金板焊件残余应力的分布规律,并研究了DE-GMAW旁路电流对焊件熔池尺寸和残余应力的影响规律.结果表明,在焊接总电流和其他焊接参数一定的条件下,随着旁路电流增大,母材的热输入减小,熔深值下降,熔宽值略有降低,焊缝受到的残余拉应力逐渐减小.

双电极气体保护焊系统的鲁棒自适应控制仿真

针对双电极气体保护金属极电弧焊系统,建立了一个双输入双输出的非线性模型,并基于梯度算法和极点配置自校正设计了鲁棒自适应控制器.仿真结果表明,该鲁棒自适应控制器具有良好的控制效果.

通过预涂覆SiC优化AZ31B镁合金DE-GMAW焊缝的显微组织及提升力学性能

研究了碳化硅(SiC)颗粒涂覆量对2mm厚AZ31B镁合金双电极气体保护焊DE-GMAW焊缝的宏观形貌、显微组织和力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析技术(XRD)对接头的显微组织、相及相的成分进行分析。同时采用维氏硬度试验计和万能试验机对焊接接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度分别进行测量。结果表明,随着SiC涂覆量的增加,焊接接头熔深和深宽比先增大后减小。XRD测试结果显示,SiC的添加并不改变焊缝中相的组成,焊缝由α-Mg和β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)组成。SiC可以细化α-Mg晶粒,打断焊缝中β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,起到弥散强化的效果。但SiC涂覆量达到一定值后,随着SiC涂覆量的继续增加,α-Mg晶粒粗化,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的弥散强化作用不再增加。焊接接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度随着SiC涂覆量的增加先增大后减小。

The numerical analysis of thermal effect and weld shaping of DE-GMAW under composite heat source

The action of the composite heat source model in DE-GMAW has been carried out according to the characteristics of the DE-GMA W process, and the distribution of surface and body heat source was analyzed. The weld temperature field distribution has been derived from the appropriate boundary conditions and the thermal physical property parameters by COMSOL software. The effects of the positions of the surface and body heat source on the cross- sectional shape were investigated by studying the experimental welding thermal cycle curve. The simulated results are fully compliant with the experimental data under the same conditions. This illustrates that the composite heat source model is correct. It reflects the thermal mechanism of DE-GMA W process, and reveals the internal influence of weld shaping.