I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a sy...I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.展开更多
The Basel II committee sets their customers. This new up directives encouraging banks to use internal scores in order to assess the risk of form of information competes with the existing ones. Small and medium-sized e...The Basel II committee sets their customers. This new up directives encouraging banks to use internal scores in order to assess the risk of form of information competes with the existing ones. Small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are most concerned by these new stakes, due to the lack of transparency. The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of the choice between substitution and complementarity between the two types of information： ＂soft＂ and ＂hard＂, to test a potential effect of this choice on the banking performance and to describe which variables are involved in the decision-making process. The originality of this work is to try to quantify the information costs and to use it as a variable which is affecting the adopted choice.展开更多
This paper describes a model to simulate the decision-making process of consumers that adopts technology within a dynamic social network.The proposed model use theories and tools from the psychology of consumer behavi...This paper describes a model to simulate the decision-making process of consumers that adopts technology within a dynamic social network.The proposed model use theories and tools from the psychology of consumer behavior,social networks and complex dynamical systems like the Consumat framework and fuzzy logic.The model has been adjusted using real data,tested with the automobile market and it can recreate trends like those described in the world market.展开更多
Based on macroscopic and synthetic approaches, especially information entropy approach, the quantification of the flexible degree and order degree of business processes is studied. According to the outcome of above an...Based on macroscopic and synthetic approaches, especially information entropy approach, the quantification of the flexible degree and order degree of business processes is studied. According to the outcome of above analysis, a conceptual model of optimizing business processes is proposed which supports to construct dynamic stable business processes. The research above has been applied in project 863/SDDAC-CIMS, and achieved primary benefits.展开更多
Background:Earthquake is one of the most destructive catastrophes in Bangladesh and the evaluation of vulnerability is a prerequisite for the earthquake risk estimation.As a result,determining vulnerability is essenti...Background:Earthquake is one of the most destructive catastrophes in Bangladesh and the evaluation of vulnerability is a prerequisite for the earthquake risk estimation.As a result,determining vulnerability is essential for lowering the future fatalities.The fundamental challenge in estimating the seismic vulnerability is to have a systematic understanding of all potential earthquake related losses.With this objective,the current study deals with evaluating the seismic vulnerability of Sylhet district of Bangladesh.Method:A multi-criteria decision-making approach such as the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)has been used in this study to estimate the earthquake vulnerability.For the assessment of three scenarios namely social,structural,and physical distance vulnerabilities,several criteria have been chosen in order to fully identify the risk of earthquake.Findings:The study uncovers the vulnerable areas of Sylhet district.It is revealed that in terms of social vulnerability,9%area of Sylhet district is under very high,55%high,15%moderate,17%low,and 4%is under very low vulnerable zone.Structural vulnerability represents that 9%of the district area is under the very high vulnerability category,48%high,31%moderate,4%low,and 8%falls under the very low category zone,whereas physical distance vulnerability comes up with a result that 23%,38%,23%,7%,and 9%of the total area fall into very high,high,moderate,low,and very low categories,respectively.Interpretation:The current work on seismic vulnerability assessment might be useful in reducing the risk and minimizing the losses due to earthquake.展开更多
文摘I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.
文摘The Basel II committee sets their customers. This new up directives encouraging banks to use internal scores in order to assess the risk of form of information competes with the existing ones. Small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are most concerned by these new stakes, due to the lack of transparency. The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of the choice between substitution and complementarity between the two types of information： ＂soft＂ and ＂hard＂, to test a potential effect of this choice on the banking performance and to describe which variables are involved in the decision-making process. The originality of this work is to try to quantify the information costs and to use it as a variable which is affecting the adopted choice.
文摘This paper describes a model to simulate the decision-making process of consumers that adopts technology within a dynamic social network.The proposed model use theories and tools from the psychology of consumer behavior,social networks and complex dynamical systems like the Consumat framework and fuzzy logic.The model has been adjusted using real data,tested with the automobile market and it can recreate trends like those described in the world market.
文摘Based on macroscopic and synthetic approaches, especially information entropy approach, the quantification of the flexible degree and order degree of business processes is studied. According to the outcome of above analysis, a conceptual model of optimizing business processes is proposed which supports to construct dynamic stable business processes. The research above has been applied in project 863/SDDAC-CIMS, and achieved primary benefits.
文摘Background:Earthquake is one of the most destructive catastrophes in Bangladesh and the evaluation of vulnerability is a prerequisite for the earthquake risk estimation.As a result,determining vulnerability is essential for lowering the future fatalities.The fundamental challenge in estimating the seismic vulnerability is to have a systematic understanding of all potential earthquake related losses.With this objective,the current study deals with evaluating the seismic vulnerability of Sylhet district of Bangladesh.Method:A multi-criteria decision-making approach such as the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)has been used in this study to estimate the earthquake vulnerability.For the assessment of three scenarios namely social,structural,and physical distance vulnerabilities,several criteria have been chosen in order to fully identify the risk of earthquake.Findings:The study uncovers the vulnerable areas of Sylhet district.It is revealed that in terms of social vulnerability,9%area of Sylhet district is under very high,55%high,15%moderate,17%low,and 4%is under very low vulnerable zone.Structural vulnerability represents that 9%of the district area is under the very high vulnerability category,48%high,31%moderate,4%low,and 8%falls under the very low category zone,whereas physical distance vulnerability comes up with a result that 23%,38%,23%,7%,and 9%of the total area fall into very high,high,moderate,low,and very low categories,respectively.Interpretation:The current work on seismic vulnerability assessment might be useful in reducing the risk and minimizing the losses due to earthquake.
