Combining Stated Preference and Revealed Preference Methods for the Valuation of Non-market Goods

In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (SP) methods have both been applied by economists in valuing non-market goods;however both methods have inherent weaknesses.In order to exploit the strengths of the various approaches while minimizing their weaknesses,combining the two methods has become an important methodological option.Up to now,a growing number of literatures of studying combing the two types of data have evolved,and researchers developed three types of models to estimate combining revealed preference and stated preference data in academic fields:discrete choice model,continuous choice model and mixed choice model.Combining stated and revealed preference methods have been developed fast especially in the transport study field in which ideas could also be leant for environmental economic studies.

Nature of Valuational Consciousness in Good Life

I make an attempt in the paper to argue in favor of the person-centered view of good life, where becoming a good person involves seeking to qualitatively transform oneself into a worthy human being. I maintain that becoming fully a person and respecting others as persons are achievements that are not assured for all of us. Thus, for the purpose I prepare the ground for an account of good life that rests on valuational consciousness. I propose that one may ascribe valuational consciousness to a person who is a value-sensitive rational being striving to attain a kind of inner transparency. Evidently, to say that a person has valuational consciousness is to stress the values, which are built into personal consciousness. The life of a person, whether that of truth, courage, nobility, justice, kindness, is a life marked by ego transcending personal consciousness that reaches out to humanity at large. And such a repository of values enables a human being to attain the ideal of good life. The ideal of good life, I contend, consists of attaining the higher order posture of selflessness--a posture of inner transparency. It is to shake off the egocentric partiality that characterizes our usual attitudinal stance towards one another.

Reflections on Policies & Initiatives for Expanding Consumer Goods Imports

On April 28,Premier Li Keqiang chaired the State Council executive meeting to deploy initiatives for improving import&export policies of consumer goods such as tax regulation and increasing imports of popular consumer goods among the general public with an aim to upgrade consumption.

Retail sales of consumer goods:＞RMB 10 trln

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)forecasted the retail sales of consumer goods in 2008 at RMB 10.67 trillion(about US＄1.57 trillion),up 12.8 percent as consumption grows. The figure would reach RMB 12.48 trillion in 2009,up 12.5 percent,said a report released by the CASS.

Effect of Rural Social Pension Insurance on Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods

Based on data of 31 provinces of China in 2019 collected from the National Bureau of Statistics,this paper explores the impact of the number of urban employees’endowment insurance on the total retail sales of social consumer goods in different provinces in China.Taking the population,per capita disposable income,per capita life expectancy,and regional per capita GDP of each province as the variables,this paper establishes regression models to do the empirical research.The results show that:(1)The increase of the number of urban employees’old-age insurance has a significant positive impact on residents’consumption.The wider the coverage of old-age insurance,the more it can enhance the consumption confidence of the residents.(2)Due to the economic development,the level of urbanization has been greatly improved,leading to an increased birth rate and total population,and thus consumption has been driven.Therefore,the increase of the total population has a significant positive effect on the increase of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.(3)The increase of per capita disposable income has insignificant impact on the increase of total retail sales of social consumer goods due to residents’debt,the rise of house prices,the rapid widening of income gap between different groups,and the difficulty of meeting the various needs of people.(4)Although the increase of life expectancy per capita will lead to the decrease of total retail sales of social consumer goods,this decrease is not significant.(5)Per capita GDP will lead to a small increase in the total retail sales of social consumption.Finally,based on the above conclusions,some suggestions to stimulate consumption are given.

Enhancing the Performance of Consumer Goods Firms through the Equity Capital in Nigeria(2011-2021)

This study examined whether or not equity capital enhances the performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria.The study purposively sampled fourteen(14)out of twenty-one(21)consumer goods firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group Plc.The study used secondary sources to obtain panel data from the annual financial statements of the selected companies.Data sourced for were analyzed using random effects model and arithmetical means.Findings from the study revealed that the coefficient of share capital is positive(0.903050)and statistically significant(p=0.0099<0.05),but the beta value of retained earnings is negative(−0.683966)and significant(p=0.0023<0.05)for listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria.The average results found that 45%and 7%of total assets of the firms were financed by retained earnings and share capital respectively.The study confirmed that the appropriate mode of finance that could be considered for the effective performance of the firms in Nigeria is the share capital.The study concluded that share capital enhanced the performance of firms while the retained earnings did not in the country.The research recommended that the government of Nigeria should try to rebrand its dead local enterprises especially the affected consumer goods firms to enable them to attract more foreign investors into the country to enhance its economic growth.

China Sports Goods Industry:Big but Not Strong

China, though not the largest consumer market of sports commodities, has 20,000-plus producers of sports goods.A reshuffle of the industry to retain the strong ones and eliminate the weak is going on,said Ma

The Contingent Valuation Method for Thessaloniki＇s Aesthetic Pollution in Greece

The purpose of this study is to provide an evaluation of the possible criteria used by the people of Thessaloniki for the evaluation of public goods and the investigation of the benefits of the conservation and restoration of city structures affected by carbon monoxide. These benefits are expressed in monetary units by using the CVM （Contingent Valuation Method）. The maintenance of the urban environment often entails excessive costs paid by the people through taxation. A city free of aesthetic pollution results in an increase in tourism. A portion of taxation paid by the citizens is allocated to cleaning the city. An increase in tourism provides the government with additional revenue through VAT （Value Added Taxes）. The main findings show that in a large proportion, 28% of the interviewees are willing to pay, but those that are willing to pay significant amounts tend to prefer mild interventions to the buildings, while those （42%） that agree with minimal to null amount demand radical intervention. The latter group, also, considers any contribution of theirs to restoration as unfair, judging that this expenditure should be covered exclusively by the State. Last but not least, from a sociopsychological point of view, this attitude could be attributed to extreme personalities which tend to prefer more holistic and direct solutions （i.e., no mixed strategy involving people and the State is acceptable by interviewees who considered themselves as having no further obligations after regular tax-paying）; as a result, they think that the State is exclusively responsible to resolve the situation.

Research on the Mechanism of Retail Strategy Influencing Consumer Behavior Intention——Based on Empirical Analysis of Domestic Luxury Cosmetics Brands

This is a research on the mechanism of retail strategy mix and consumer behavior intention,and psychological impact on consumer attitude, consumer purchase decision-making model and its components are conducted firstly. Next, retail strategy, merchandise strategy, and store strategy, contained in the retail management theory, are adopted as other important variables to measure the impact on consumer attitudes. And then, the key factors of retail strategy mix are identified by means of Focus Group (FG). In addition, the hypothetical model of retail strategy mix and consumer behavior intention for domestic luxury cosmetic brands is established to understand the relationship between the two factors. Finally, empirical researches are conducted on consumers and retailers of luxury cosmetics brands. And some advice are given on retail strategy mix's influence on the consumer behavior intentions, aiming to enlighten domestic luxury cosmetic enterprises to improve performance by the integrated use of retail strategy mix.

Chinese Consumer Companies Focus on Data Analytics

Data analytics and digital strategies are seen as key tools for business development by Chinese consumer companies,as revealed in a recent survey.The report,named Global Consumer Executive Top of Mind Survey 2014,is jointly produced by KPMG International and The Consumer Goods Forum.It features insights from 469 senior executives from food,drink,and consumer goods manufacturers and retailers worldwide,with headquarters spanning

Statistical Analytical Study of the Impact of Consumer Awareness Among the Students of the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Kuwait in Consumer Protection and Its Relationship to Some Economic and Social Characteristics

Kuwaiti youth is an importam element in the field of development in the Kuwaiti society, especially in the field of self- consciousness and social consciousness incident. As always said, that young Gulf inherently consumerist element of first degree because of abundant liquidity and reasonable level of income compared to others of non - Gulf societies. Therefore, this research aims to study and analyze the impact of consumer awareness among the students of the Faculty of Business Administration in consumer protection in terms of the current role and hoped to guide consumption and its relationship to some economic and social characteristics of the consumers. In particular it has been studying the impact of some of the qualifications for heads of Kuwaiti families, their total monthly income and their place of residency inhabited by the expressive factors of consumer awareness in college students as well as their impact on the degree of preference for quality of consumer goods in being a low-price, median-price or expensive-price. In addition, it has been studying the relationship of these social variables noted with the role of government and consumer protection associations through what they are doing to develop laws and policies directed to develop and educate consumers. To achieve these goals, a special questionnaire has been prepared especially for this purpose has been met from a random sample of students from the University of Kuwait. I have been using the appropriate statistical analysis to study these goals. Thus, some of the appropriate suggestions and recommendations are obtained to achieve the objectives of this research.

迈向消费品统一大市场:基于价格溢出视角的消费品市场一体化水平测度与分析

基于2016年1月—2022年7月居民消费价格总指数及细分消费价格指数,采用非线性Granger因果关系检验、滚动窗口技术、社会网络分析等方法,首次从空间和结构双重视角测度并分析中国消费品市场一体化水平。研究发现:第一,消费价格的省份间溢出关系普遍存在,呈现先减小再增加最后趋于稳定的演进趋势,最终形成了“全国消费价格一张网”的空间一体化联动特征,然而由于价格信息空间传递存在时滞,形成市场空间一体化具有时间滞后性,就细分消费品市场而言,交通通信和医疗保健市场空间一体化水平较高,居住和教育文化娱乐市场较低,不同消费品市场的价格传递时滞存在异质特征;第二,全国消费价格的部门间溢出关系普遍存在,呈现先减小再增加最后减小的演进趋势,最终形成了八个消费部门间价格一体化联动网络,由于价格信息部门间横向传递存在时滞,形成市场结构一体化同样具有时间滞后性,而东西中部消费品市场结构一体化水平依次递减,南方高于北方,省际消费品市场呈现不同程度的结构一体化特征。

碰撞测试假人在儿童生活领域的应用

针对市面上广泛存在的儿童生活领域消费品安全稳定性问题,将目前成熟的人体假人技术应用于安全稳定性分析,借助L S-Dyna与HyperMesh有限元软件,选择碰撞测试P系列假人,搭建假人与消费品的虚拟场景,进行过程模拟与稳定性分析。从仿真动画与数据可知,仿真结果与试验数据保持一致,证明碰撞测试假人应用于消费品稳定性分析的可信性。此外,对儿童攀爬柜类家具的物理模型进行公式推导与静力平衡分析,得出重心与倾覆力矩,对比仿真分析,验证了碰撞测试假人应用于消费品安全稳定性分析的可信性。

重大突发事件下快消品供给能力评价研究

为有效应对快消品市场中的各类突发事件,提高快消品系统的供给能力,对快消品的供给能力进行定量评估,构建并完善快消品供给能力评估体系尤为重要。首先,运用层次分析法,通过科学分解与综合比较,确定突发事件背景下影响快消品供给能力的各项关键指标及权重,确保评估体系的全面性与合理性,最终得到4个一级指标和20个二级指标。其次,结合模糊综合评价法,对快消品企业K在疫情期间的供给能力进行深入评估。结果显示,快消品企业K在疫情期间的整体供给能力表现卓越,在事前预防、事发响应、事中处置和善后恢复等4个方面的能力得分均在4.5分以上,达到“非常好”的水平。

博物馆文创商品差异化营销策略研究——基于消费者行为需求分析

随着博物馆文创商品同质化市场格局的形成,有必要通过制定差异化品牌营销策略,在商业“红海”中找到市场机会。研究旨在通过深入了解消费者的消费动机及消费心理,探讨博物馆文创商品的差异化营销策略。基于此,研究采用用户访谈的方式对41名消费者及7名文创商品营销人员进行了访谈数据收集。研究结果表明:消费者购买文创商品的消费行为往往受到文创商品的设计传达、消费场景、商品材质、审美价值及品牌设计的影响。基于此,研究认为可以通过定义具有差异化的设计要素、旗舰店内外部消费氛围的营造、注重商品表面处理及触觉设计、文创商品品牌文化的价值延伸、推出及时准确的营销活动来提高产品差异化竞争力。研究结果将有助于向博物馆文创商品营销部门提供文创商品差异化营销策略的建议。

制造业投入数字化与生产链长度

利用1995—2018年OECD世界投入产出与跨国—行业面板数据,实证检验了制造业投入数字化对生产链长度的影响。研究发现:第一,制造业投入数字化显著延长了生产链长度;第二,异质性检验显示,制造业投入数字化对发展中国家、资本密集型行业和全球价值链上游行业以及纯国内生产活动的影响更为明显,并且国外投入数字化对生产链长度的正向影响要小于国内投入数字化;第三,机制检验显示,制造业投入数字化主要通过扩大中间品进口数量和提高中间品进口质量延长生产链长度;第四,进一步分析表明,消费需求潜力规模能够增强制造业投入数字化对生产链长度的正向影响,而消费需求潜力结构无明显影响,制造业投入数字化在延长生产链长度的过程中存在显著的“行业扩散效应”。研究结论对构建内循环为主、外循环赋能的新发展格局具有重要启示。

中国奢侈品皮具消费现状及消费需求变化研究

奢侈品皮具是我国皮革产业体系中的重要一环。文章针对当前我国奢侈品皮具消费现状进行分析,认为我国的奢侈品皮具产品类型集中在包、鞋、家具等方向,总结了当前我国消费者在奢侈品皮具消费方面的心理特征,包括发展型悦己需求显著、品牌偏好需求依然明显、交际需求逐渐显现、猎奇需求逐渐变少等;以此分析为基础提出部分奢侈品皮具产品的发展思路。

EXPLORING THE VALUE OF INSTALLED BASE:PRICING INFORMATION GOODS UNDER VALUE DEPRECIATION AND CONSUMER SOCIAL LEARNING

While last decade has witnessed a rapid growth of digital economy, there is limited understanding in literature on whether the conventional wisdom on pricing strategy still holds for information goods. On one hand, information goods, similar to durable goods, are subject to value depreciation; on the other, they differ from traditional goods in negligible marginal cost and the sensitivity to social influences. This paper develops a two-period, game-theoretic model to investigate optimal pricing strategy of information goods. On one dimension, two different depreciation mechanisms （self- and time-depreciation） are considered; on the other, two prevalent pricing schemes （perpetual licensing and subscription-fee models） are studied. We obtain closed-form solutions in all scenarios. Our findings suggest that vendors of time-depreciation information goods should adopt subscription-fee model to attract early adopters and exploit social influences, while the vendors of self-depreciation information goods should strategically balance between depreciation and social influences. Interestingly, as social influences become strong enough, the difference between pricing schemes diminishes and the tradeoff between candidate strategies vanishes. We also extend the model to static pricing in which the vendor commits to future price. We discover that the superiority of subscription-fee model might be overturned under static pricing. Our results above also imply that building consumer feedback and interaction systems could be helpful for minimizing the potential loss of a suboptimal pricing scheme.

基于GA-ACO-BP神经网络的日用消费品物流需求预测

针对日用消费品的物流需求,从宏观经济发展水平、相关产业水平、消费能力、物流供应能力、互联网发展水平、贸易水平6个方面,采用灰色关联度分析法对影响因素的灰色关联度进行计算及排序,构建预测指标体系。考虑物流相关数据样本较少,其影响因素之间存在非线性,结合遗传算法的全局寻优能力和蚁群算法的并行计算能力,构建了基于遗传算法-蚁群优化-反向传播神经网络(genetic algorithm-ant colony optimization-back propagation neural network,GA-ACO-BP)的日用消费品物流需求预测模型。分别采用GA-ACO-BP模型、GA-BP模型和BP模型对全国日用消费品物流需求进行预测,结果表明,GA-ACO-BP模型更能拟合日用消费品物流需求变化,预测精度较高,为物流需求预测研究提供一种模型参考,具有一定的实用价值。

重点消费品质量关键性指标及安全风险管控研究

消费品质量安全直接关系到消费者的切身利益,关乎人民群众的健康和安全。我国的消费品质量安全风险管控方法和程序尚不完善,制约了消费品质量进一步提升。本文阐述了我国消费品安全风险管控的基本情况,对毛巾、卫生用纸制品、木制家具等河北省重点消费品的产品质量监督抽查情况进行了分析,剖析存在潜在安全风险的关键性指标及质量安全因子,立足产品全生命周期为消费品质量安全风险管理以及质量提升提供了建议。