Calculating Method for Influence of Material Flow on Energy Consumption in Steel Manufacturing Process

From the viewpoint of systems energy conservation, the influences of material flow on its energy consumption in a steel manufacturing process is an important subject. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between material flow and the energy intensity is useful to save energy in steel industry. Based on the concept of standard material flow diagram, all possible situations of ferric material flow in steel manufacturing process are analyzed. The expressions of the influence of material flow deviated from standard material flow diagram on energy consumption are put forward.

Prediction of Rural Residents’ Consumption Expenditure Based on Lasso and Adaptive Lasso Methods

When the variable of model is large, the Lasso method and the Adaptive Lasso method can effectively select variables. This paper prediction the rural residents’ consumption expenditure in China, based on respectively using the Lasso method and the Adaptive Lasso method. The results showed that both can effectively and accurately choose the appropriate variable, but the Adaptive Lasso method is better than the Lasso method in prediction accuracy and prediction error. It shows that in variable selection and parameter estimation, Adaptive Lasso method is better than the Lasso method.

A Modified Back/Forward Sweep Method Based on the Electricity Consumption Data

With the development of distribution automation system, the centralized meter reading system has been adopted more and more extensively, which provides real-time electricity consumption data of end-users, and consequently lays foundation for operating condition on-line analysis of distribution network. In this paper, a modified back/forward sweep method, which directly uses real-time electricity consumption data acquired from the centralized meter reading system, is proposedto realize voltage analysis based on 24-hour electricity consumption data of a typical transformer district. Furthermore, the calculated line losses are verified through data collected from the energy metering of the distribution transformer, illustrating that the proposed method can be applied in analyzing voltage level and discovering unknown energy losses, which will lay foundation for on-line analysis, calculation and monitoring of power distribution network.

Numerical analysis of grinding power consumption of a vertical planetary mill

Planetary wheel rolling on a coal-bed was simplified as rigid wheel rolling on the coal-bed with a rigid base when a Ver- tical planetary mill(VPM)is running.Based on our analysis,we conclude that the Bekker formulation for computing rolling resis- tance is not applicable to calculate directly the rolling resistance of the wheel.According to the principle of the Bekker apparatus,pressure-sinkage curves were obtained by tests on a piece of mono-axial consolidation apparatus used in soil-mechanics.The de- formation modulus of the coal-bed was calculated using elastic mechanics.A finite element model of the planetary wheel coal-bed was built up by the use of a rigid and a Drucker-Prager material model in LS-DYNA.According to the simulation results,the wheel rolling resistance,the grinding power consumption and the motor power of the mill were calculated and the mistake in the initial design of the mill was modified.The simulation results agree well with the results of the semi-industrial tests.

Impact of Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods with Sensor System on Water Consumptive Use and Water Use Efficiency for Maize Yield

The sensor system is one of the modern and important methods of irrigation management in arid and semi-arid areas, which is water as the limiting factor for crop production. The study was applied for 2016 and 2017 seasons out in Al-Yousifya, 15 km Southwest of Baghdad. A study was conducted to evaluate coefficient uniformity, uniformity distribution and application efficiency for furrow, surface drip and subsurface drip irrigation methods and it was (98, 97 and 89)% and (97, 96 and 88)% for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. And control the volumetric moisture content according to the rhizosphere depth for depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm by means of the sensor system. The results indicated that the height consumptive water use of furrow 707.91 and 689.69 mm·season-1 and the lowest for subsurface drip with emitter deep at 20 cm 313.93 and 293.50 mm·season-1 for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. As well, the highest value of water use efficiency for subsurface in drip irrigation at a depth of 20 cm, was 2.71 and 2.99 kg·m-3 and the lowest value for furrow irrigation was 1.12 and 1.20 kg·m-3 for the 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively.

Water Consumption in Ningxia Reach of the Yellow River since Integrated Regulation

The annual allocation, inter-annual variation and relation of water diversion and recession are analyzed in Ningxia reach of the Yellow River main stream from 1999 to 2012. Water consumption in Ningxia reach was calculated by water diversion-recession method and water balance method. The average value of water diversion-recession method is 3.264 billion m3 and annual varia-tion is relatively steady. The result of water balance method is 3.937 billion m3 and annual variation is obvious. It is suggested that strengthen verification of entrances and monitoring of water diversion and recession.

Study on Coal Consumption Curve Fitting of the Thermal Power Based on Genetic Algorithm

Coal consumption curve of the thermal power plant can reflect the function relationship between the coal consumption of unit and load, which plays a key role for research on unit economic operation and load optimal dispatch. Now get coal consumption curve is generally obtained by least square method, but which are static curve and these curves remain unchanged for a long time, and make them are incompatible with the actual operation situation of the unit. Furthermore, coal consumption has the characteristics of typical nonlinear and time varying, sometimes the least square method does not work for nonlinear complex problems. For these problems, a method of coal consumption curve fitting of the thermal power plant units based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The residual analysis method is used for data detection;quadratic function is employed to the objective function;appropriate parameters such as initial population size, crossover rate and mutation rate are set;the unit’s actual coal consumption curves are fitted, and comparing the proposed method with least squares method, the results indicate that fitting effect of the former is better than the latter, and further indicate that the proposed method to do curve fitting can best approximate known data in a certain significance, and they can real-timely reflect the interdependence between power output and coal consumption.

Predicting Electric Energy Consumption for a Jerky Enterprise

Wholesale and retail markets for electricity and power require consumers to forecast electricity consumption at different time intervals. The study aims to increase economic efficiency of the enterprise through the introduction of algorithm for forecasting electric energy consumption unchanged in technological process. Qualitative forecast allows you to essentially reduce costs of electrical energy, because power cannot be stockpiled. Therefore, when buying excess electrical power, costs can increase either by selling it on the balancing energy market or by maintaining reserve capacity. If the purchased power is insufficient, the costs increase is due to the purchase of additional capacity. This paper illustrates three methods of forecasting electric energy consumption: autoregressive integrated moving average method, artificial neural networks and classification and regression trees. Actual data from consuming of electrical energy was used to make day, week and month ahead prediction. The prediction effect of prediction model was proved in Statistica simulation environment. Analysis of estimation of the economic efficiency of prediction methods demonstrated that the use of the artificial neural networks method for short-term forecast allowed reducing the cost of electricity more efficiently. However, for mid- range predictions, the classification and regression tree was the most efficient method for a Jerky Enterprise. The results indicate that calculation error reduction allows decreases expenses for the purchase of electric energy.

民居建筑室内空间热环境多点能耗精准预测

在民居建筑室内热环境多点能耗预测时,若不能有效确定热环境下室内当前状态下舒适程度,会直接影响能耗预测精度。因此,提出考虑舒适度的民居建筑室内空间热环境多点能耗预测方法。根据室内状态建立民居建筑内热环境模型,采用主元分析法获取能耗评价指标,构建热环境下室内能耗指标评价体系,并利用指标建立评价模型,从而确定室内当前热环境能耗;将确定指标作为模型输入向量,利用RBF神经网络构建室内能耗多点预测模型;通过建立的模型实现对民居建筑室内空间多点能耗的精准预测。实验结果表明,所提方法开展室内能耗多点预测时,预测精度高、效果好。

嵌入式无线传感器低功耗控制方法设计

常规的嵌入式无线传感器低功耗控制方法主要利用智能拓扑控制算法收集节点功耗反馈信息,易受邻近节点遍历作用影响,导致不同条件下的控制功耗较高。因此,需要设计一种全新的嵌入式无线传感器低功耗控制方法。文章分析了嵌入式无线传感器节点功耗,生成了嵌入式传感器低功耗控制通信协议,设计了无线传感器智能低功耗控制放大器,从而实现了无线传感器低功耗控制。实验结果表明,设计的嵌入式无线传感器低功耗控制方法在不同的控制条件下的控制功耗较低,证明设计的无线传感器低功耗控制方法的效果较好,具有可靠性,为提高嵌入式无线传感器综合性能做出了一定的贡献。

㶲耗散法对数控加工刀具路径能耗评估研究

针对数控加工中不同刀具路径加工的能耗问题进行研究,基于㶲(yòng)分析理论提出了一种㶲(yòng)耗散方法,对不同刀具路径加工进行能耗的评估;㶲耗散方法通过对加工过程中的切削热、切削液、机床待机、刀具切削磨损、压缩空气等能耗源进行分析,并对各个能耗源进行数学建模,计算不同刀具路径加工情况下的能耗,通过比较不同刀具路径加工能耗的大小,在保证加工质量的前提下选择能耗较少的刀具路径,达到节能目的;最后分别使用三种不同的刀具路径对曲面进行加工实验,通过实验结果证明:实际加工的能耗与㶲耗散法评估的能耗一致,等间距环形刀具路径比往复刀具路径的总㶲能耗降低了10.93%,等间距环形刀具路径比斜45°刀具路径的总㶲能耗降低了15.24%,说明㶲耗散法评估刀具路径加工能耗是可行的;创新点在于提出了㶲耗散法,通过㶲耗散把电能和物料能等不同类型的能量转化为同一形式进行计算,使能耗评估更加全面。

基于熵权法的国际消费中心城市评价指标体系构建及建设路径

基于国际消费中心城市的内涵和特征,构建由国际知名度、城市繁荣度、商业活跃度、到达便利度、消费舒适度五个一级指标以及21个二级指标组成的国际消费中心城市评价指标体系,利用熵权法对各评价指标进行赋权,最终形成国际消费中心城市综合指数评价体系。选取北京、上海、天津、广州、重庆五个国际消费中心试点城市计算综合指数及排名,并对五个城市从综合和细分维度分别进行比较分析。基于此从消费供给、消费环境、消费文化、消费业态四方面提出国内城市培育国际消费中心城市的建设路径。

改革开放与中国减贫奇迹——基于合成控制法的新证据

识别中国改革开放减贫奇迹的净效应及机制是推动经济高质量发展的关键。文章构建包含改革开放、消费增长和居民福利的动态结构模型,首次采用合成控制法科学评估改革开放对消费增长的影响及机理,并采用反事实模拟方法测算福利效应。研究发现,改革开放的实施使得中国1978年以来消费增长率提高了5个百分点;改革开放带来的福利增进相当于永久每年给每人3 446元;改革开放通过推动收入增长的渠道促进消费增长。文章基于消费增长福利效应视角,剖析改革开放创造的伟大减贫成就,这对于新征程上坚定不移地全面深化改革开放和解决居民消费不足问题具有重要启示。

基于能量原理不同含水率下煤岩体变形破坏能量损伤演化机制

为探究不同含水率下煤岩体在变形破坏过程中的能量演化规律与损伤演化特征,对双马一矿煤岩体开展了在不同含水率条件下单轴压缩试验,基于能量计算及最小耗能原理,分析不同含水率下煤岩体能量耗散特征及损伤演化机制,结果表明:不同含水率下煤岩体力学性质不同,峰值应变与含水率呈正相关,抗压强度、弹性模量与含水率呈负相关;煤岩体含水率越高,其在峰值处弹性应变能及破坏吸收总应变能越小,耗散能占总应变能比例越高;基于最小耗能原理建立的损伤本构模型表明:随着煤岩体含水率增加,损伤门槛值逐渐降低;干燥状态下,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量分别为0.36、0.28,当含水率增至自然状态时,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量值分别下降0.09、0.18,但当含水率增至饱水状态时,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量值反而分别大幅度上升0.102、0.49,总体呈先减后增的发展趋势;进一步建立了不同含水率煤岩损伤应变能释放率演化模型,低含水率煤岩较干燥煤岩的最大损伤应变能释放率大幅度下降,降幅分别为45.61%、31.29%,而随着含水率增加至饱水状态,其最大损伤应变能释放率增大幅度较平缓,分别为3.08%、8.80%,表明煤岩破坏剧烈程度并未大幅度增加。研究成果对煤岩矿柱水害预测评价与岩石损伤评估具有一定参考意义。

ZrF_(4)生产工艺能耗分析

传统的ZrF_(4)生产工艺在气态HF氛围下进行,对高温反应设备要求高,产品纯度低,能耗高。研究设计了一种基于液态HF的ZrF_(4)生产工艺,并根据工业中的实际生产条件设计了气态HF法的工艺流程;通过Aspen Plus软件模拟,计算了上述两种工艺流程的总能耗。结果表明,每生产1 t ZrF_(4)产品,液态HF法的能耗总值为3097.813 kg标准油,气态HF法为6803.966 kg标准油。由此可见,液态HF法的工艺流程每年可节省54.47%的操作费用,具有更高的经济效益,对工业生产ZrF_(4)的低能耗转型具有重要意义。

不同干燥方法对兰州百合质量的影响

目的以不同干燥方法干燥后兰州百合的外观品质和主要质量指标为依据,研究适宜的干燥方式。方法分别采用不同温度烘干、晒干、阴干、真空和冷冻干燥,用冷浸法提取浸出物,HPLC测定王百合苷A含量,百合多糖、总黄酮含量使用紫外分光光度法。结果真空和冷冻干燥外观质量综合评价最好,其次为80~100℃烘干。真空干燥处理的折干率、多糖和王百合苷A含量最高,且总灰分最低,分别为56.77%、23.13%、1.95 mg·g^(-1)和3.26%;冷冻干燥浸出物和总黄酮含量最高,分别为66.07%和3.84 mg·g^(-1),真空干燥次之;烘干处理中100℃烘干多糖、总黄酮和王百合苷A含量最高分别为21.30%、3.28 mg·g^(-1)和1.81 mg·g^(-1);90℃烘干浸出物含量最高,为56.83%,100℃和90℃烘干差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);冷冻干燥能耗高,阴干和晒干时间成本高。从外观质量、主要指标成分及能耗三方面综合考虑,认为真空干燥和100℃烘干是兰州百合干制的适宜方法。

创建文明城市对地方居民消费的影响机制研究

基于“全国文明城市”评选活动的准自然实验,依据2003—2021年282个地级市面板数据,运用多期DID、PSM-DID、安慰剂检验、反事实分析等方法,检验创建文明城市对地区居民消费的影响效应和作用机制。结果显示:创建文明城市扩大了地区常住人口规模、增大了人口密度、提升了地区消费总量、降低了地区人均消费水平,且在城市商业发展水平、区位特征、常住人口规模方面具有异质性。鉴于此,应多措并举,因城施策,优化评选体系与复查机制,提升城市治理水平,增强流动人口定居意愿,促进创建文明城市对地区经济社会发展的长期效应。

基于颗粒放尺效应的逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗分析与试验

为探究粗粒化建模对逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗的影响,提高离散元法的计算效率,该研究以1K-50型开沟机开沟部件为对象,利用EDEM软件构建适于南方葡萄园土质环境的刀辊-土壤离散元模型,将仿真模型中的土壤颗粒分别放大2~5倍进行开沟仿真试验,对刀辊功耗、工作阻力及土壤运动状态进行分析。结果表明:在土壤颗粒直径为5 mm、刀辊转速132 r/min、前进速度0.06 m/s、开沟深度0.3 m工况下,刀辊稳定作业阶段的功耗、水平阻力及垂直阻力平均值分别为3.73 kW、923.85 N和148.30 N,仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差为9.9%。开沟仿真过程中刀辊的功耗、工作阻力平均值及土壤运动状态随放尺比例的变化而变化,其中刀辊功耗与水平阻力平均值随放尺比例增大而减小,垂直阻力平均值随放尺比例先减小后增大再减小,且增大放尺比例使得土垡从刀片正切面的抛出时刻提前,抛出速度减小,土垡逐渐松散,壅土高度增加,但不改变正切面上各深度土层的土壤分布顺序。放尺比例为2~5时,仿真计算时间相较原尺状态减少99%,但仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差超过32%,当放尺比例为1.2时,能够将功耗相对误差控制在11.1%,仿真时间为22.9 h,仿真数据量313.72 GB。研究结果可为农机领域离散元放尺计算及构建刀辊-土壤粗粒化模型提供一定参考。

祛邪扶正法治疗糖尿病肾病之思路

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病患者常见并发症,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,目前尚无特效药物。参考张仲景治疗消渴病的用药思路,从气与阴津之间关系出发,提出糖尿病肾病的总体病机为本虚标实,以阴亏肾虚为本、水湿蕴积为标,虚实夹杂而发病。以标本兼治为大法,以化湿利水治其标,以益气养阴治其本,随证加减。附验案1则以佐证。