Preprocessing and Efficacy Analysis of Comprehensive Anti-Inflammatory Treatment for Lymphedema in Patients with Irritating Contact Dermatitis

Objective: To explore the pre-treatment and efficacy analysis of comprehensive anti-inflammatory treatment for lymphedema in patients with irritating contact dermatitis. Method: Convenience sampling method was used to observe the skin of 160 patients with upper limb lymphedema admitted to the lymphedema outpatient department of our hospital. They were divided into an observation group (80 cases) and a control group (80 cases), and both groups received a course of comprehensive anti-inflammatory treatment (20 treatments). The control group received routine skin care;On the basis of the control group, the observation group received pre-treatment of the affected limb skin: Laofuzi herbal ointment was applied externally to the prone areas of irritating contact dermatitis (such as the upper arm, inner forearm, and cubital fossa). Result: The incidence of irritating contact dermatitis in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P 0.05). Patients in the observation group felt significantly better in terms of comfort, skin moisture, and itching relief after being wrapped with low elasticity bandages than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Preventive treatment can effectively reduce the incidence of irritating contact dermatitis, prolong the time of stress treatment, thereby increasing efficacy and improving patient compliance.

Vulvar Contact Dermatitis: Effect of a Treatment with a Anti-Inflammatory, Moisturizing and Healing Product on the Course of the Disease

Background: Vulvar contact dermatitis is inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based on Tiab&#174 system (TF), complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid, as a treatment of vulvar contact dermatitis. Method: 36 patients with the diagnosis of vulvar contact dermatitis received an 10-days treatment, during which the subjects applied TF, complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid on the affected vulvar surfaces, used once a day. Clinical symptoms (itching and burning) and signs (vulvar surface disruption) were documented at baseline and after 1 months of follow-up. Results: There was a significant reduction of symptoms between the basal scores and the symptoms complaints 1 months of follow-up. Moreover a significant reduction of excoriations and linear fissures was observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that application of TF can be an effective agents for the reduction of symptom and sign of vulvar contact dermatitis, and the medical device can be used as a preventive agent in predisposing condition of vulvar discomfort.

Deficiency of Autophagy-Related Gene 5 in Keratinocytes Leads to Aggravation of Epidermal Damage in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Objective:The interrelationship between apoptosis and autophagy plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes,however,whether their interplay is involved in allergic contact dermatitis(ACD)has not yet been elucidated.So,we conducted this study to determine whether keratinocyte-specific autophagy-related gene 5(ATG5)deficiency can regulate apoptosis to inhibit skin damage in mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)-induced ACD.Methods:This study involved keratinocyte-specificAtg5 conditional knockout(cKO)mice(Krt14cre/+-Atg5flox/flox)and control mice(Krt14+/+-Atg5flox/flox).We painted DNCB on the right ear of each mouse to induce ACD.Dermatitis scoring and measurements of ear weight and thickness were performed to evaluate inflammation levels.An immunohistochemical assay was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration.Histological study and TUNEL staining were performed to compare the differences in skin lesions betweenAtg5 cKO mice and control mice.Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to examine the levels of ATG5 and apoptosis-related protein.The results were statistically analyzed byt test.Results:After DNCB stimulation of mice ears,we observed a more severe phenotype inAtg5 cKO mice than in control mice(dermatitis score:7.500±2.588vs.3.250±0.822,P=0.003).Further analysis of ATG5 protein confirmed keratinocyte-specific ablation ofAtg5 in cKO mice and showed that DNCB did not influence ATG5 expression.Immunohistochemistry assay revealed that the infiltrated immune cells were not involved in aggravation of the phenotype of DNCB-stimulatedAtg5 cKO mice.However,the histological study(P=0.024),TUNEL staining(P=0.024),immunofluorescence(P=0.036),and western blotting showed that the increase in keratinocyte death,especially apoptosis,contributed to aggravation of the phenotype of DNCB-stimulatedAtg5 cKO mice.Conclusion:Deficiency ofAtg5 in keratinocytes increases apoptosis,aggravating skin damage in DNCB-induced ACD mice.This has no relationship with the involvement of immune cells.

Contact Dermatitis With the Homoeopathic Medicine Calendula officinalis:A Rare Case Report

Introduction:Herbal medicines and other traditional medicines are well accepted in India and are readily available as over-the-counter preparations.With their increased use,the safety and quality of homoeopathic medicines have become a major concern for health authorities,pharmaceutical industries,and consumers.It is difficult to assess the adverse effects of homoeopathic medicines due to a lack of scientific evidence regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical trials or post-marketing surveillance.Here,we reported a patient with contact dermatitis due to the homoeopathic medicine Calendula officinalis.Case presentation:A 33-year-old previously healthy woman presented with pruritus,redness,and swelling over the entire face and upper neck.The symptoms developed within about 1 hour after the use of a homoeopathic skin ointment containing 2%Calendula officinalis as the major ingredient in an aqueous base.Cutaneous examination revealed periorbital edema and facial swelling with multiple vesicular eruptions over erythematous edematous plaques on the face.A clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis was considered.Discussion:Many herbal preparations in India are available without safety data.Calendula officinalis extract(oil expressed from seeds)is used in various skin products.The exact allergens present in Calendula officinalis are unknown,but the flowers reportedly contain a variety of phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids that have elicited contact dermatitis.Conclusion:Anecdotal case reports of accidental exposure/sensitization and experimental studies provide sufficient evidence to confirm the causal relationship between contact dermatitis with Calendula Officinalis.Postmarketing surveillance of all homoeopathic medicines should be mandatory,and the availability of such preparations as over-the-counter drugs must be restricted.

Chinese Medicines Reported to Have Effects on Contact Dermatitis in the Last 20 Years

Contact dermatitis （CD） is one of the most common skin diseases in industrialized countries. Chinese medicines （CMs） have been investigated worldwide as complementary and alternative medicines for corticosteroids, which are the first choice for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases owing to their favorable efficacy. This article describes the CMs that have been reported to have anti-dermatitis effects against CD in the last 20 years.

Chromium and leather:a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium

As other causes decline in importance,chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy,which affects around 1%of the general population.The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis,which can be elicited in chromiumallergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather.Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions.It is formed on the surface of some,antioxidant-free,leathers at dry conditions(<35% relative humidity)and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions,such as UV irradiation,contact with alkaline solutions,and leather age.Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time(days-months).A low initial test result(<3 mg/kg)for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test(ISO 17075)does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather.Information,labels,and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals.Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens,as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products,are crucial.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ampelopsis Japonica Root on Contact Dermatitis in Mice

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of Ampelopsis japonica on contact dermatitis(CD).Methods:A total of 38 Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups by using a random number table:normal mice(n=6),CID model mice(n=8),CD mice treated with 3 or 30 mg/kg of the ethanol extract of A.japonica(EEAJ,n=8)and 7.5 mg/kg dexamethasone treated CD mice(DEX,n=8).CD was induced using topical application of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in mice.EEAJ and DEX were topically applied to the shaved skin of each mouse for 6 days,and the effects of EEAJ and DEX on skin lesions and color,histopathological abnormalities such as epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin-6(IL-6),and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)production were investigated.The effects on changes in body weights and spleen/body weight ratio were also investigated.Results:EEAJ at 30 mg/kg significantly prevented scaling,erythema and enlargement of skin weight compared to using carbon dioxide.EEAJ also prevented epithelial hyperplasia and immune cell infiltrations induced by repeated application of DNFB(P<0.01).In addition,EEAJ significantly lowered levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The anti-inflammatory effects of EEAJ were similar to those of DEX.Conclusion:A.japonica may be a new therapeutic agent with the potential to reduce or replace corticosteroids and its mechanisms are closely related to regulation of TNF-α production.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Arnebiae Radix and Dictamni Cortex and efficacy study of herbal extracts on allergic contact dermatitis using 3D human reconstructed epidermis

Objective:To evaluate the quality of Arnebiae Radix(AR)and Dictamni Cortex(DC)and study the efficacy of herbal extracts of these two herbs on the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis(ACD).Methods:Qualitative and quantitative analysis of effective components was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography(HPTLC),High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),and HPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(HPLC-QTOF-MS).In vitro allergic ACD 3D model was established by incubating 3D reconstructed human epidermis(RHE)with skin sensitizer,potassium dichromate.A total of 65 gene expression that were associated with ACD,which included 24 antioxidant responsive element(ARE)and 41 SENS-IS genes were quantified by q RT-PCR.More than or equal to 10 ARE genes and 18 SENN-IS genes were induced by 1.3-fold,demonstrating the successful establishment of in vitro ACD model.Oil extracts of AR and DC were applied on the in vitro ACD model to study the efficacy.Results:Batch 3 of AR and batch 2 of DC showed presence of all active ingredients with the highest concentrations.Active ingredients of the herbs were extracted using a special oil and formulated into herbal oil extracts.The herbal oil extracts were able to down regulate the induced genes in the in-vitro ACD skin model,bringing the tissue back to homeostatic status.Conclusion:The oil extracts showed the potent efficacy of using AR and DC in ACD treatment.The combination study will be done to optimize the formulation ratio which will be developed into a topical cream.

Allergic dermatitis after knee arthroscopy with repeated exposure to Dermabond Prineo^(TM) in pediatric patients:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis(ACD)secondary to Dermabond Prineo^(TM) is rare,but documented.To our knowledge,there are no described reports of this ACD reaction within the pediatric population following arthroscopic surgery.CASE SUMMARY We report two cases of pediatric ACD upon second exposure to Dermabond Prineo^(TM) after knee arthroscopy.Both cases presented within two weeks of the inciting second exposure.The cases resolved with differing described combinations of sterile cleaning,diphenhydramine,and antibiotic administration.No long-term sequelae were found.CONCLUSION This case report elucidates the rare complication of allergic dermatitis secondary to Dermabond Prineo^(TM) repeat exposure use in pediatric arthroscopy.

Clinical Observation and Safety Evaluation of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula for Dermatosis

[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula by retrospective analysis of clinical use.[Methods]A total of 225 cases were collected,including 117 males and 108 females,115 cases of contact dermatitis and 110 cases of acute eczema.Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula was administered to 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.[Results]After one week of treatment,among 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema,76 cases were cured(33.78%),133 cases showed marked response(59.11%),16 cases(7.11%)were improved,0 case was ineffective,and the overall response rate was 92.89%.After one week of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula treatment,the symptoms of itching,pain and swelling were significantly improved in all patients,and the rash was partially crusted without new symptom,and there were no complications and adverse reactions.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula therapy has a remarkable effect in the treatment of contact dermatitis and acute eczema.

宿迁地区163例化妆品引起皮肤不良反应的临床分析

目的 总结分析2020年1月到2023年4月宿迁地区化妆品皮肤不良反应的临床特点。方法 对宿迁市第一人民医院皮肤科2020年1月-2023年4月接诊的163名患者进行回顾性分析。结果 163例患者中,女性占92.0%,21-40岁的患者占61.3%;最常见的自觉症状为瘙痒(81.6%)和灼热(77.3%);76.7%的患者潜伏期在3天以内;95.7%的患者品发病部位累及面部;临床表现为化妆品接触性皮炎的患者占92.0%;本研究涉及化妆品62.6%为护肤类,73.6%的患者购买途径为网购。结论 (1)化妆品皮肤不良反应多见于中青年女性,主要表现为接触性皮炎,常于3天内出现皮损,患者可自觉瘙痒、灼热,网购途径化妆品最常出现化妆品不良反应;(2)临床医生应提高对化妆品不良反应的警惕性并加强对患者的宣教。

Sensitization Properties of Propolis and Balsam of Peru in Guinea Pig Maximization Test(GPMT)

Introduction: Propolis is used in Poland as an active ingredient of some drugs administered externally, dietary supplements and cosmetics. According to the literature, propolis is a non-toxic and safe substance, although it may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic properties of propolis and Balsam of Peru. Material and methods: The study was conducted according to the OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals-Skin sensitization with use of Guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Guinea pigs have similar sensitivity to allergens as human body. Sensitization properties of propolis were tested in comparison with sensitization properties of Balsam of Peru because of the possibility of cross-reaction between those two substances. Results: The skin of guinea pigs in the propolis group showed no visible change compared to the control group during the first (48 h) and second observation (72 h). The skin of guinea pigs from Balsam of Peru group showed discrete erythema in only one case at the first observation (8.33% of the animals). During the second observation, no visible changes were observed compared to the control group. Conclusions: Guinea pig maximization test showed no sensitizing properties of propolis and weak sensitizing properties of Balsam of Peru in concentration of 5%.

The Effects of Nanodiamonds at the Action of Colored Metal Ions on the Skin of Guinea Pigs

The protective effect of modified nanodiamonds (MND) under the action of cobalt and nickel ions on the skin of Guinea pigs was shown. At the action of chromium ions on the skin of animals, the protective effect of MND was not found. The differences are related to different adsorption properties of MND to the investigated colored metal ions. It is shown in vitro that MND can adsorb ions of cobalt and nickel and don’t bind ions of chromium from aqueous medium. The perspectives using of MND as a new drug for the prevention allergic dermatitis caused by action of bivalent ions of metals are discussed.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Patch Test (Revised 2020)

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common clinical allergic disease.The patch test is the gold standard for finding and clarifying contact allergens.With the deepening understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical manifestations of contact dermatitis,as well as the increased requirements for the standardized application of patch tests,the relevant consensus needs to be continuously updated.This consensus is updated on the basis of the version issued in 2015.In this revised version,it refines the selection of clinical indications,improves the judgment end interpretation of results,adds delayed detection and patient education,and so on,which aims to further standardize clinical applications and improve the value of patch test.