Promoting or Inhibiting?Influence of Railway Container Transportation on Regional Economic Development

In the context of building a country with a strong transportation network,railway container transportation(RCT)is an import-ant means of reducing costs,increasing efficiency,and adjusting transportation structures.Thus,its impact on regional economic devel-opment is important.Based on data from railway container-handling stations and spatial econometric models,this study discusses the differences in the development of RCT and their impact on regional economic development at different leves.This study has three main findings:first,there are significant regional differences in the development of the RCT.The intra-regional differences between the east-ern and central regions of China(which do not include Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)are gradually narrowing,while the regional dif-ferences in the western region are widening.Meanwhile,the intra-regional differences in important economic zones such as Pearl River Delta Economic Zone(PRDEZ),Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone(CYEZ),Bohai Rim Economic Zone(BHEZ),and Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone(YRDEZ)are narrowing daily.Second,the development differences of RCT in regional level and import-ant economic regions level show different trends.The unbalanced features of large regions are increasingly evident,whereas the differ-ences in economic regions are decreasing.However,the problem of overlapping RCT remains prominent.Third,the transformation of RCT development mode and fierce competition among transportation modes cause RCT to have a restraining effect on the regional eco-nomy at three levels.Rational allocation of resources and other means must be used to guide the transformation from inhibition to pro-motion,and by formulating targeted policies that will promote the development of RCT,which will improve the transportation structure and help construct a country with a strong transportation system.

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.

Transportation Capacity:Chinese Ports Take the Lead——Outlook of Container Throughput at Global Top 20 Ports in 2014

According to Outlook of Container Throughput at Global Top 20 Ports in2014 released by Center for Forecasting Science(CEFS),Chinese Academy of Sciences,the transportation capacity will keep raise after new container vessels brought into service.In sum,the global transportation market will still face uncertainties in 2014.The global economy faces challenges The global economy in 2014

A Design of Information Teaching in Container Transport

The teaching design is based on the task of "Container Transport" in the course of"English for International Shipping Business", aiming to discuss Design of information teaching in Business English Class. MOSO TEACH, CFNET platform,Cartoon have been applied in the design. Informationalized teaching has brought the vividness and dramatic effect to the knowledgebased class.

Performance Comparisons of Five Different SPF Mouse Transport Containers

[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subsequent improvement of transport containers.[Methods]In this study,5 different transport containers were selected,and their microbial filtration performance,ventilation,sterilization method and flux,and other related design and construction were analyzed.[Results]The results showed all 5 SPF mouse transport containers can provide enough air for the survival of mouse and protect them from bacterial infections.Transport container B and D are superior to others on one-time sterilization flux and deformation degree after autoclaving.Furthermore,taking into account the related design and construction of these transport containers,such as viewing window and carrying handle,the result of comprehensive comparison is that the transport container D>A>E>C>B.[Conclusions]In summary,the 5 SPF transport containers tested in this study can all satisfy the basic demand of SPF mouse transportation,but each transport container has its own advantages and disadvantages on storage space,deformation degree after autoclaving and other aspects.Thus,SPF mouse transport containers should be selected by different demand.

Discussion on the Logistics Construction of Railway Container Freight Stations

From the perspective of logistics, the article discusses some essential functions and service functions of railway container freight stations. Then it plans the construction of the logistics operation system of container freight stations, and designs five main operating yards such as deconsolidation and groupage .yard, storage and distribution yard, container receiving-departure yard, container stack yard, and special cargo yard. The management pattern is discussed under the direction of modern business management theory. The ideas presented in this article is significant to the construction of railway container freight stations.

Study on the Impact of the Panama Canal Expansion on the Distribution of Container Liner Routes

The expansion of the Panama Canal will have a profound impact on the container shipping route network, port layout and ship structure, and promote the evolution of the global shipping pattern. However, most of the research on the expansion of the Panama Canal currently stays before its real expansion, and the quantitative analysis is less and the result is not accurate, because previous research used data that expanded before. Based on the actual data after the expansion of the Panama Canal, this paper uses the dual-target route distribution model to analyze the expansion of the Panama Canal. The changes in the liner shipping plan that have a greater impact on the shipping industry will provide the relevant theoretical basis for the relevant entities. The results show that after the expansion of the Panama Canal, the largest 15,000 TEU container ship is currently deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. 6500 TEU ship type is also deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. The 8500 TEU, 10,500 TEU, and 12,500 TEU ship types are mainly deployed through the Suez Canal. On the route, such a distribution plan can maximize the benefits for the shipping company.

Usefulness of Agarose Mold as a Storage Container for Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

The efficiency of substance exchange may be decreased when the thickness and volume of such a tissue-engineered cartilage that is composed of cultured cells and porous scaffold increase. Moreover, during the transport of this construct with complicated shapes, excessive and focal mechanical loading may cause deformation. The establishment of incubation and transport methods is necessary for the three-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage. Therefore, we investigated the preparation of an agarose mold with a concavity similar to the shape of 3-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage to prevent excessive and focal concentration of stress, while avoiding interference with substance exchange as much as possible. Firstly, we investigated the preparation at 1% - 4% agarose concentrations. Since the mechanical strength was insufficient at 1%, 2% was regarded as appropriate. Using 2% agarose, we prepared a mold with a 5 × 5 × 5 mm concavity to accommodate tissue-engineered cartilage (5 × 5 × 5 mm mixture of 1.5 × 107 cells and collagen gel), and stored the regenerative cartilage in it for 2 and 24 hours. On comparison with storage in a plastic mold with the same shape in which substance exchanged from side and bottom was impossible, although no significant differences were noted in the number or viability of cells after 2 hours, these were markedly reduced in the plastic mold after 24 hours. It was confirmed that favorable cell numbers and viability were maintained by immediately retaining the regenerative cartilage in the culture medium in the agarose mold and keeping the temperature at 37°C. Since this agarose mold also buffers against mechanical forces loaded on the three-dimensional regenerative tissue, it may be useful as a container for storage and transport of large-sized three-dimensional regenerative tissue.

带时间窗的中心站多车程集卡调度优化研究

为解决铁路集装箱中心站与周边货源地间的公铁联运多车程集卡集疏调度问题,将货源地的每一集装箱集疏需求视为一个任务节点,以集卡调度总成本最小为目标,综合考虑集卡容量和集装箱集疏时间窗等约束,构建允许同一集卡重复利用的多车程集卡调度优化模型,并设计改进的遗传算法求解该模型。为均衡集卡工作时间,以调度模型确定的最佳集卡数量和车程集合为输入,进一步构建以集卡作业时间之差最小为目标的集卡车程分配模型,并借助Gurobi精确求解每一集卡的最佳车程任务。以郑州铁路集装箱中心站为例进行实验验证,结果表明:本文所提方法能有效解决公铁联运集装箱在集疏环节的集卡调度问题;相较于单车程模式,多车程模式下集卡调度成本平均减少了60.31%;车程分配优化可以将集卡作业时间最大差值减少14.3%以上,提高了集卡作业时间的均衡性。

双高箱办理站装卸设备协同调度研究

为提高双高箱列车装卸作业效率,针对双高箱办理站不设主作业区、“完全间接装卸”、装卸作业多流向及出站箱同步转运的特点,考虑设备能力、作业序列、轨道吊安全距离约束等现实约束,详细拆分设备间的衔接、共用及等待时间构成,以最小化完成装卸作业用时、装卸线轨道吊等待时间最小化和作业均衡率最大化为优化目标,构建轨道吊、AGV、空箱堆垛机和智能举升机间的协同调度模型,并基于遗传算法和模拟退火算法设计混合算法求解模型。通过实例验证模型及算法的有效性、混合算法和多目标协同优化的优越性,分析表明双高箱办理站布局及装卸作业模式可行,优化指标间两两无单向相关性。最后通过灵敏度分析验证模型可用于装卸设备配置优化,以实现双高箱办理站低成本高效运作。

考虑零碳航线的集装箱运输网络抗毁性研究

随着世界各国对航运碳排放的重视,零碳航线作为减少碳排放的创新方式备受关注。集装箱运输过程可以利用复杂网络拓扑的形式呈现,虽然零碳航线的加入不会改变航运网络的结构,但由于零碳航线上港口的独特性质和作用,会对集装箱运输网络产生一定影响。本文根据港口实际数据构建引入零碳航线的集装箱运输网络模型,以网络效率、最大联通子图规模、绿色港口抗毁性指数这3个指标衡量网络的抗毁性能。通过模拟实验选择蓄意攻击触发网络级联效应,分析容量参数、绿色港口数、负载分配系数对集装箱运输网络抗毁性的影响。结果表明,零碳航线的加入对集装箱运输网络抗毁性能影响较大;25%的港口为绿色港口时,能兼顾网络的三方面抗毁性能,包括网络全局效率、绿色港口抗毁性指数和最大连通子图规模;负载分配系数为4时能够提高运输网络的抗毁性能,削弱零碳航线加入造成的影响。重要节点受到攻击后,网络效率、最大联通子图规模均大幅度下降。

集装箱货运网络优化问题的研究——以宁波舟山港集装箱运输为例

为优化集装箱货运网络,对进出口货运集装箱装卸中转站的最佳地理位置的选择和集装箱运输计划的设计进行了研究。2个问题同时考虑建设成本、运输成本以及存储、运力等因素,建立了一种集装箱货运网络优化模型。利用国际集装箱货运代理公司在宁波舟山港一整年的船期数据,使用LINGO软件对所建模型的效果进行求解。最终从宁波舟山港腹地现有38个存储中转仓中优选出32个中转仓存储集装箱,使大约5%的集装箱通过铁路运输,从而能节省5.74%的运营成本。

长三角内河集装箱运输通道布局研究

长三角内河集装箱运输不仅是建设长三角世界级港口群、助力长三角综合立体交通及经济一体化发展的重要组成部分,也是运输结构调整、节能减排降碳的重要方向,符合国家战略导向。通过分析长三角内河集装箱运输发展特点,结合内河集装箱运输通道布局的影响因素,通过定性定量相结合的三阶段分析方法,确定长三角内河集装箱主要运输通道的布局层次,在此基础上提出编制长三角内河集装箱运输通道布局规划、高标准贯通主要通道建设、完善优化物流组织体系以及建立区域集装箱一体化发展机制等建议。

不确定运价下长江集装箱多式联运路径优化

为充分贴合长江集装箱多式联运场景,在分析长江多式联运组织特点的基础上,考虑不确定运价及不同航段航道通航条件影响,以包含运输周转成本、碳排放成本和时间成本在内的总成本最小化为目标,构建不确定条件下长江集装箱多式联运路径优化模型,并设计蒙特卡洛仿真与改进的狼群算法实现模型求解,最后通过算例分析验证改进的狼群算法的有效性。算例分析结果表明,公路运输能有效控制运输的时间成本,铁路与水路运输在运输经济性与绿色性方面更具优势。在长江航道通航能力与最大中转次数限制下,运输任务将选择较高成本运输方案以满足航道与托运人要求。

RY-I乏燃料运输容器维保实施及经验反馈

随着我国核工业几十年的发展,核电站及其他研究堆产生的放射性废物逐渐增多,对于放射性废物与乏燃料的运输需求也与日俱增,而乏燃料安全运输的关键在于运输容器。RY-I乏燃料运输容器是49-2反应堆和49-3反应堆的乏燃料运输容器,它由核工业总公司第二研究院设计,1990年10—12月在523厂核容器试验场对RY-I乏燃料运输容器按《放射性安全运输规定》进行了正常运输条件下和事故状态下的实验,获得了成功。主要介绍RY-I乏燃料运输容器的维保,对RY-I乏燃料运输容器进行外观检查、结构检查、密封检查,确保其在维保后能够正常使用。对维保过程中的工作进行总结,例如:维保过程中需要更换O形圈,清理容器内壁,打压做密封检查。对维保过程中出现的问题进行原因分析,改进和经验反馈。

集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性分析

为分析集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性,考虑购置税优惠、补贴、贷款、排放成本等因素,建立广义总拥有成本现值估算模型,构建经济性分析指标,并分析“购买底盘+电池”(方案1)和“购买底盘+租赁电池”(方案2)的经济性。结果表明,在设定条件下,无论是否考虑排放成本,两种方案都不具经济性,但考虑排放成本能有效缓解重卡电动化的成本劣势。当考虑排放成本且其他因素不变时,若电池租金<5.61万元,或电价≤1.28元/(kW·h),或油价≥8.48元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.40 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.34 (kW·h)/km,方案2具有经济性。类似地,若使方案1具有经济性,应满足电池价格<22.11万元,或电价<1.23元/(kW·h),或油价>8.72元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.41 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.28 (kW·h)/km。免征电动重卡购置税能有效改善两种方案的经济性指标。调增单位排放成本或电动重卡补贴额度虽能确保两种方案都具有经济性,但其所需调增幅度较高,可能增加重卡司机或政府的经济负担。

考虑风险和碳排放因素的集装箱多式联运路径选择

为给在风险和碳排放不同程度影响下多式联运决策者提供较优的联运选择方案,分别从运输和中转两个角度分析构建联运过程中的风险评价指标体系,通过采用贝叶斯网络模型测算风险发生概率,进而定量分析得到风险成本。考虑双碳目标下多式联运碳排放条件,将多式联运过程中产生的碳排放内化为碳税成本。以此为基础,构建最小化物流成本、风险成本和碳税成本的集装箱多式联运路径优化模型。考虑到联运决策者差异化需求,确定相应目标因素的不同敏感程度和时间约束,设计混合算法进行求解。案例结果表明,可以根据决策者差异化需求灵活调整模型敏感度大小,为多式联运决策者提供较优的联运选择方案。

液氢储运技术发展现状与展望

液氢具有储运密度大、能量密度高的特点,应用前景广阔,受限于液氢的物理特性,低温储运技术制约了液氢大规模应用。该文对当前国内外固定及移动式液氢储存设备进行调研,针对目前所面临的技术难点,从储氢材料、低温绝热、热力特性、配套设备、标准体系等方面总结液氢储运环节的关键技术,分析液氢储运现状与发展趋势,提出未来液氢储运技术重点发展方向,能有力促进中国高性能液氢储运设备研发,保障未来液氢规模化安全使用。

放射源运输容器力学设计和试验验证

目的设计一种用于运输工业辐照用特殊形式放射源的运输容器,通过试验验证运输容器的安全性能。方法根据《放射性物品安全运输规程》和《放射性物质安全运输条例》中B(U)型货包的规定进行设计,设计的运输容器主要包括屏蔽容器、吊篮、防护罩及运输托架4部分组成,并对运输容器进行正常运输工况和运输事故工况下的3次跌落试验。结果试验对容器外防护罩和保温层造成部分损坏,但防火层完整,不影响包装的密封和屏蔽功能,试验结果表明运输容器满足标准要求。结论运输容器在正常运输工况和运输事故工况下的跌落测试后,包装的屏蔽和密封仍然有效,即该运输容器在规定的正常运输工况和运输事故工况下能保证放射源的运输安全。

B_(2)O_(3)对含钛高炉渣熔体微观结构与输运性质的影响

为高效利用含钛高炉渣中钛元素,采用分子动力学模拟方法研究B_(2)O_(3)含量对CaO-SiO_(2)-B_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)系高炉渣微观结构和输运性质的影响。结果表明:B_(2)O_(3)的含量4%时,B—O、Si—O、Ti—O和Ca—O的键长分别为1.34、1.62、1.95和2.24A。渣中存在[SiO_(4)]四面体、[BO_(3)]三角体和[TiO_(6)]八面体稳定结构单元。体系中加入B_(2)O_(3)含量并不会改变O—Si—O、O—B—O和O—Ti—O键角分布情况。随着B_(2)O_(3)的加入,Si—O—Si和B—O—B键角分别从156.12°和148.43°增大到158.17°和157.08°,大部分Ti—O—Ti键角分布在100.48°,小部分Ti—O—Ti键角从140.17°减小到135.53°。随着B_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,B—O—M(Ca、Si、B和Ti)氧连接占比增多,熔体中高配位结构解聚为低配位结构,体系整体聚合度降低,各离子自扩散系数均增大,熔体黏度从0.183 Pa·s降低到0.140 Pa·s。