Workers exposed to hot and humid conditions suffer from heat stress that affects their concentration and can potentially lead to an increase in workplace accidents. To minimize heat stress, protective equipment may be...Workers exposed to hot and humid conditions suffer from heat stress that affects their concentration and can potentially lead to an increase in workplace accidents. To minimize heat stress, protective equipment may be worn, such as personal cooling garments. This paper presents and discusses the performances, advantages and disadvantages of existing personal cooling garments, namely air-cooled, liquid-cooled, phase change, hybrid, gas expansion and vacuum desiccant cooling garments, and a thermoelectric cooling technology. The main objective is to identify the cooling technique that would be most suitable for deep mining workers. It appears that no cooling technology currently on the market is perfectly compatible with this type of mining environment. However, combining two or more cooling technologies into a single hybrid system could be the solution to an optimized cooling garment for deep mines.展开更多
Based on the actual operation parameters and temperature-dependent material properties of a gas turbine unit,composite cooling blade model and corresponding reliable boundary conditions were established.Transient ther...Based on the actual operation parameters and temperature-dependent material properties of a gas turbine unit,composite cooling blade model and corresponding reliable boundary conditions were established.Transient thermal-fluid-solid coupling simulations were then comprehensively conducted to analyze the transient flow and the temperature field of the blade under startup,shutdown,and variable loads condition.Combined with the obtained transient temperature data,the non-linear finite element method was exploited to examine the effect of these transient operations on the turbine blade thermal stress characteristics.Results show that the temperature and pressure on the blade surface increase with the load level and vice versa.As the startup process progresses,the film cooling effectiveness and the heat convection of airflows inside the blade continuously grow;high-temperature areas on the pressure surface and along the trailing edge of the blade tip gradually disappear.Locally high-temperature zones with the maximum of 1280 K are generated at the air inlet and outlet of the blade platform and the leading edge of the blade tip.The high thermal stresses detected on the higher temperature side of the temperature gradient are commonly generated in places with large temperature gradients and significant geometry variations.For the startup/shutdown process,the rate of increase/decrease of the thermal stress is positively correlated with the load variation rate.A slight variation rate of the load(1.52%/min)can lead to an apparent alteration(41%)to the thermal stress.In operations under action of the variable load,although thermal stress is less sensitive to the load variation,the rising or falling rate of the exerted load still needs to be carefully controlled due to the highly leveled thermal stresses.展开更多
Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or h...Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or heating. The degree of tumor microvasculature damage induced by the alternate cooling and heating treatment and the mechanisms underlying are studied in this paper. The response of the tumor microvasculature to different treatments including alternate cooling and heating is observed in vivo through confocal microscopy using the nude mice dorsal skin fold tumor chamber model. Results show that alternate cooling and heating has induced much more severe damage to the microvessel structure throughout the entire tumor. Numerical simulations of the mechanical stresses on the tumor vessel wall has found that during the alternate treatment, the vessel wall suffer a rapid chang in thermal stresses in the opposite directions successively, which might caused damage to the peripheral microvasculature and micro-cracks in the central vessels. Reperfusion of blood flow after freezing also led to relatively large stresses on the vessel wall, especially when blood flow re-perfuses quickly during the subsequent heating. The quick increase of stresses on the blood vessel might be one of the key issues causing the blood vessel rupture referring to the experimental observation. The preliminary study has partly revealed the mechanism underlying serious tumor microvasculature damage caused by the alternate cooling and heating treatment.展开更多
为分析内冷油腔对活塞的降温效果,对振荡冷却活塞在热负荷、机械负荷及热机耦合作用下的温度场及应力应变分布规律进行研究。采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等对活塞内冷油腔内机油的振荡传热过程进行Fluent数值模拟,...为分析内冷油腔对活塞的降温效果,对振荡冷却活塞在热负荷、机械负荷及热机耦合作用下的温度场及应力应变分布规律进行研究。采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等对活塞内冷油腔内机油的振荡传热过程进行Fluent数值模拟,得到内冷油腔各壁面换热系数;将结果映射到活塞固体表面,对活塞分别加载热负荷、机械负荷以及热机耦合作用,对比分析活塞在内冷油腔冷却前后的温度场变化,得到其热应力、机械应力以及耦合应力的变化规律。结果表明,采用内冷油腔进行冷却后,活塞各区域温度均有不同程度下降,其中活塞最高温度下降7.5%;活塞受热机耦合作用下的最大应力小于两者单独作用的结果之和;进行油腔振荡冷却后,活塞的热应力和耦合应力也有不同程度降低。所得到的活塞在内冷油腔冷却前后的应力分布规律,可为活塞内冷油腔的优化设计提供理论参考。展开更多
文摘Workers exposed to hot and humid conditions suffer from heat stress that affects their concentration and can potentially lead to an increase in workplace accidents. To minimize heat stress, protective equipment may be worn, such as personal cooling garments. This paper presents and discusses the performances, advantages and disadvantages of existing personal cooling garments, namely air-cooled, liquid-cooled, phase change, hybrid, gas expansion and vacuum desiccant cooling garments, and a thermoelectric cooling technology. The main objective is to identify the cooling technique that would be most suitable for deep mining workers. It appears that no cooling technology currently on the market is perfectly compatible with this type of mining environment. However, combining two or more cooling technologies into a single hybrid system could be the solution to an optimized cooling garment for deep mines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52076173)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680157)the Fundamental Research Fund of the Central Universities(No.sxxj032020009)for funding。
文摘Based on the actual operation parameters and temperature-dependent material properties of a gas turbine unit,composite cooling blade model and corresponding reliable boundary conditions were established.Transient thermal-fluid-solid coupling simulations were then comprehensively conducted to analyze the transient flow and the temperature field of the blade under startup,shutdown,and variable loads condition.Combined with the obtained transient temperature data,the non-linear finite element method was exploited to examine the effect of these transient operations on the turbine blade thermal stress characteristics.Results show that the temperature and pressure on the blade surface increase with the load level and vice versa.As the startup process progresses,the film cooling effectiveness and the heat convection of airflows inside the blade continuously grow;high-temperature areas on the pressure surface and along the trailing edge of the blade tip gradually disappear.Locally high-temperature zones with the maximum of 1280 K are generated at the air inlet and outlet of the blade platform and the leading edge of the blade tip.The high thermal stresses detected on the higher temperature side of the temperature gradient are commonly generated in places with large temperature gradients and significant geometry variations.For the startup/shutdown process,the rate of increase/decrease of the thermal stress is positively correlated with the load variation rate.A slight variation rate of the load(1.52%/min)can lead to an apparent alteration(41%)to the thermal stress.In operations under action of the variable load,although thermal stress is less sensitive to the load variation,the rising or falling rate of the exerted load still needs to be carefully controlled due to the highly leveled thermal stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50725622)Shanghai Engineering Technical Research Centre (Grant No. 08DZ2211201)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB930403)
文摘Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or heating. The degree of tumor microvasculature damage induced by the alternate cooling and heating treatment and the mechanisms underlying are studied in this paper. The response of the tumor microvasculature to different treatments including alternate cooling and heating is observed in vivo through confocal microscopy using the nude mice dorsal skin fold tumor chamber model. Results show that alternate cooling and heating has induced much more severe damage to the microvessel structure throughout the entire tumor. Numerical simulations of the mechanical stresses on the tumor vessel wall has found that during the alternate treatment, the vessel wall suffer a rapid chang in thermal stresses in the opposite directions successively, which might caused damage to the peripheral microvasculature and micro-cracks in the central vessels. Reperfusion of blood flow after freezing also led to relatively large stresses on the vessel wall, especially when blood flow re-perfuses quickly during the subsequent heating. The quick increase of stresses on the blood vessel might be one of the key issues causing the blood vessel rupture referring to the experimental observation. The preliminary study has partly revealed the mechanism underlying serious tumor microvasculature damage caused by the alternate cooling and heating treatment.
文摘为分析内冷油腔对活塞的降温效果,对振荡冷却活塞在热负荷、机械负荷及热机耦合作用下的温度场及应力应变分布规律进行研究。采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型、动网格技术等对活塞内冷油腔内机油的振荡传热过程进行Fluent数值模拟,得到内冷油腔各壁面换热系数;将结果映射到活塞固体表面,对活塞分别加载热负荷、机械负荷以及热机耦合作用,对比分析活塞在内冷油腔冷却前后的温度场变化,得到其热应力、机械应力以及耦合应力的变化规律。结果表明,采用内冷油腔进行冷却后,活塞各区域温度均有不同程度下降,其中活塞最高温度下降7.5%;活塞受热机耦合作用下的最大应力小于两者单独作用的结果之和;进行油腔振荡冷却后,活塞的热应力和耦合应力也有不同程度降低。所得到的活塞在内冷油腔冷却前后的应力分布规律,可为活塞内冷油腔的优化设计提供理论参考。
