Improved STNModels and Heuristic Rules for Cooperative Scheduling in Automated Container Terminals

Improving the cooperative scheduling efficiency of equipment is the key for automated container terminals to copewith the development trend of large-scale ships. In order to improve the solution efficiency of the existing spacetimenetwork (STN) model for the cooperative scheduling problem of yard cranes (YCs) and automated guidedvehicles (AGVs) and extend its application scenarios, two improved STN models are proposed. The flow balanceconstraints in the original model are decomposed, and the trajectory constraints of YCs and AGVs are added toacquire the model STN_A. The coupling constraint in STN_A is updated, and buffer constraints are added toSTN_A so that themodel STN_B is built.As the size of the problem increases, the solution speed of CPLEX becomesthe bottleneck. So a heuristic method containing three groups of heuristic rules is designed to obtain a near-optimalsolution quickly. Experimental results showthat the computation time of STN_A is shortened by 49.47% on averageand the gap is reduced by 1.69% on average compared with the original model. The gap between the solution ofthe heuristic rules and the solution of CPLEX is less than 3.50%, and the solution time of the heuristic rules is onaverage 99.85% less than the solution time of CPLEX. Compared with STN_A, the computation time for solvingSTN_B increases by 58.93% on average.

Analysis on present situation and potential developmental possibility of containerized traffic in Liaoning Province

The containerized traffic has come into being for over forty years and has become the most important mode of sea transportation. Although containerized traffic trade has been developed in port cities of Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, yet their development sped are obviously slower than the entire national development pace. In the article, the authors make a systematic study on the current situation and the potential developmental possibility of containerized traffic in Liaoning Province. It is held that the relative low proportion of the supply of goods in hinterland is relative low which will restrict directly the development potentiality of the container harbors in Liaoning. Three countermeasures of the containerized traffic development were given accordingly.

Genotypic Variation in Yield and Yield Components of Plantain (<I>Musa</I>spp.) in Response to Containerized Planting Material and Mulching

The study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of local plantain genotypes;Apem, Oniaba, Apantu (AAB) and FHIA 21 (AAAB) suckers that were raised in containers (polybags) and their corresponding conventional suckers. Half of the containerized and conventional suckers in each plot were mulched with empty fruit bunch (EFB). Survival rate three months after transplanting was higher in containerized (100%) than conventional materials (60%) with or without mulching. Mulching increased the girth at flowering and total leaf area by 8% and 28% respectively, and reduced the number of days to flowering. Mulching also increased yield of plantain and the highest was recorded in FHIA 21. Bunch yield of container raised suckers per hectare was 19% greater than conventional suckers, due to higher survival rate after transplanting. Bunch yield among the genotypes in decreasing order was as follows, FHIA21 (20.7), Oniaba (16.9), Apem (15.9) and Apantu (13.2) tons/ha. Mulching increased the yield components such as, pulp weight, peel weight, finger weight and number of fingers. Genotypic variation in pulp yield was in the following decreasing order Apantu > FHIA 21 > Oniaba > Apem fresh weight. The pulp to peel ratio was in the following decreasing order Apantu > FHIA 21 > Apem > Oniaba. It is concluded that raising plantain suckers in polybags and applying EFB mulch is an improved production technique.

Container-Based Internet of Vehicles Edge Application Migration Mechanism

Internet of Vehicles(IoV)applications integrating with edge com-puting will significantly drive the growth of IoV.However,the contradiction between the high-speed mobility of vehicles,the delay sensitivity of corre-sponding IoV applications and the limited coverage and resource capacity of distributed edge servers will pose challenges to the service continuity and stability of IoV applications.IoV application migration is a promising solution that can be supported by application containerization,a technology for seamless cross-edge-server application migration without user perception.Therefore,this paper proposes the container-based IoV edge application migration mechanism,consisting of three parts.The first is the migration trigger determination algorithm for cross-border migration and service degra-dation migration,respectively,based on trajectory prediction and traffic awareness to improve the determination accuracy.The second is the migration target decision calculation model for minimizing the average migration time and maximizing the average service time to reduce migration times and improve the stability and adaptability of migration decisions.The third is the migration decision algorithm based on the improved artificial bee colony algorithm to avoid local optimal migration decisions.Simulation results show that the proposed migration mechanism can reduce migration times,reduce average migration time,improve average service time and enhance the stability and adaptability of IoV application services.

Nonlinear semi-analytical modeling of liquid sloshing in rectangular container with horizontal baffles

A nonlinear semi-analytical scheme is proposed for investigating the finiteamplitude nonlinear sloshing in a horizontally baffled rectangular liquid container under the seismic excitation.The sub-domain method is developed to analytically derive the modal behaviors of the baffled linear sloshing.The viscosity dissipation effects from the interior liquid and boundary layers are considered.With the introduction of the generalized time-dependent coordinates,the surface wave elevation and velocity potential are represented by a series of linear modal eigenfunctions.The infinite-dimensional modal system of the nonlinear sloshing is formulated based on the Bateman-Luke variational principle,which is further reduced to the finite-dimensional modal system by using the NarimanovMoiseev asymptotic ordering.The base force and overturning moment induced by the nonlinear sloshing are derived as the functions of the generalized time-dependent coordinates.The present results match well with the available analytical,numerical,and experimental results.The paper examines the surface wave elevation,base force,and overturning moment versus the baffle parameters and excitation amplitude in detail.

Vertical Pod Autoscaling in Kubernetes for Elastic Container Collaborative Framework

Kubernetes is an open-source container management tool which automates container deployment,container load balancing and container(de)scaling,including Horizontal Pod Autoscaler(HPA),Vertical Pod Autoscaler(VPA).HPA enables flawless operation,interactively scaling the number of resource units,or pods,without downtime.Default Resource Metrics,such as CPU and memory use of host machines and pods,are monitored by Kubernetes.Cloud Computing has emerged as a platform for individuals beside the corporate sector.It provides cost-effective infrastructure,platform and software services in a shared environment.On the other hand,the emergence of industry 4.0 brought new challenges for the adaptability and infusion of cloud computing.As the global work environment is adapting constituents of industry 4.0 in terms of robotics,artificial intelligence and IoT devices,it is becoming eminent that one emerging challenge is collaborative schematics.Provision of such autonomous mechanism that can develop,manage and operationalize digital resources like CoBots to perform tasks in a distributed and collaborative cloud environment for optimized utilization of resources,ensuring schedule completion.Collaborative schematics are also linked with Bigdata management produced by large scale industry 4.0 setups.Different use cases and simulation results showed a significant improvement in Pod CPU utilization,latency,and throughput over Kubernetes environment.

Container Instrumentation and Enforcement System for Runtime Security of Kubernetes Platform with eBPF

Containerization is a fundamental component of modern cloud-native infrastructure,and Kubernetes is a prominent platform of container orchestration systems.However,containerization raises significant security concerns due to the nature of sharing a kernel among multiple containers,which can lead to container breakout or privilege escalation.Kubernetes cannot avoid it as well.While various tools,such as container image scanning and configuration checking,can mitigate container workload vulnerabilities,these are not foolproof and cannot guarantee perfect isolation or prevent every active threat in runtime.As such,a policy enforcement solution is required to tackle the problem,and existing solutions based on LSM(Linux Security Module)frameworks may not be adequate for some situations.To address this,we propose an enforcement system based on BPF-LSM,which leverages eBPF(extended Berkeley Packet Filter)technology to provide fine-grained control and dynamic adoption of security policies.In this paper,we compare different LSM implementations to highlight the challenges of current enforcement solutions before detailing the design of our eBPF-based Kubernetes Runtime Instrumentation and Enforcement System(KRSIE).Finally,we evaluate the effectiveness of our system using a real-world scenario,as measuring the performance of a policy enforcement system is a complex task.Our results show that KRSIE can successfully control containers’behaviors using LSM hooks at container runtime,offering improved container security for cloud-native infrastructure.

Adaptive resource allocation for workflow containerization on Kubernetes

In a cloud-native era,the Kubernetes-based workflow engine enables workflow containerized execution through the inherent abilities of Kubernetes.However,when encountering continuous workflow requests and unexpected resource request spikes,the engine is limited to the current workflow load information for resource allocation,which lacks the agility and predictability of resource allocation,resulting in over and underprovisioning resources.This mechanism seriously hinders workflow execution efficiency and leads to high resource waste.To overcome these drawbacks,we propose an adaptive resource allocation scheme named adaptive resource allocation scheme(ARAS)for the Kubernetes-based workflow engines.Considering potential future workflow task requests within the current task pod’s lifecycle,the ARAS uses a resource scaling strategy to allocate resources in response to high-concurrency workflow scenarios.The ARAS offers resource discovery,resource evaluation,and allocation functionalities and serves as a key component for our tailored workflow engine(KubeAdaptor).By integrating the ARAS into KubeAdaptor for workflow containerized execution,we demonstrate the practical abilities of KubeAdaptor and the advantages of our ARAS.Compared with the baseline algorithm,experimental evaluation under three distinct workflow arrival patterns shows that ARAS gains time-saving of 9.8% to 40.92% in the average total duration of all workflows,time-saving of 26.4% to 79.86% in the average duration of individual workflow,and an increase of 1% to 16% in centrol processing unit(CPU)and memory resource usage rate.

Container Based Nomadic Vehicular Cloud Using Cell Transmission Model

Nomadic Vehicular Cloud(NVC)is envisaged in this work.The predo-minant aspects of NVC is,it moves along with the vehicle that initiates it and functions only with the resources of moving vehicles on the heavy traffic road without relying on any of the static infrastructure and NVC decides the initiation time of container migration using cell transmission model(CTM).Containers are used in the place of Virtual Machines(VM),as containers’features are very apt to NVC’s dynamic environment.The specifications of 5G NR V2X PC5 interface are applied to NVC,for the feature of not relying on the network coverage.Nowa-days,the peak traffic on the road and the bottlenecks due to it are inevitable,which are seen here as the benefits for VC in terms of resource availability and residual in-network time.The speed range of high-end vehicles poses the issue of dis-connectivity among VC participants,that results the container migration failure.As the entire VC participants are on the move,to maintain proximity of the containers hosted by them,estimating their movements plays a vital role.To infer the vehicle movements on the road stretch and initiate the container migration prior enough to avoid the migration failure due to vehicles dynamicity,this paper proposes to apply the CTM to the container based and 5G NR V2X enabled NVC.The simulation results show that there is a significant increase in the success rate of vehicular cloud in terms of successful container migrations.

Scale Breeding and Reproduction Technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.Container Seedlings

Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment and fast growth and reproduction.Using non-woven bag as a breeding container for seedlings,the scale breeding and reproduction technique of F.tikoua container seedlings was summarized through the important links of seedling bed construction,seedling collection,soil configuration,container selection,cutting cultivation,field management,and disease and pest control.This technique can achieve differential,massive and sustainable efficient breeding and reproduction of F.tikoua seedlings in a short time.

巨石架构旅游零售平台的容器化升级方案研究

为提升旅游零售平台的架构灵活性和资源利用率,缩短资源扩/缩容时间和故障恢复时间,设计了基于容器化技术的平台升级方案。通过研发任务并行策略实现业务和技术的同步推进;将巨石应用拆分为多个微服务应用,并设计多架构兼容的容器化升级与部署方法;通过容器化上线,达成模板化部署和流量逐步切换。实践证明,该平台升级方案对业务研发影响小,支持混合架构应用快速升级,并具有成本低和平滑迁移的特点。

起重运输机械与工程机械的监测云平台研发及应用

针对起重运输机械或工程机械应用的工业场合,需要监测的部件和设备很多,带来程序管理困难、数据结构复杂、数据量庞大的问题,文中提出了一种基于K8s的设备监测云平台架构方案并开展研究和应用,实现了平台内部监测程序的容器化管理、实时处理大量状态数据、资源可直观监控等功能。最后将电动机监测程序部署的应用案例展示在平台上,体现了平台便捷部署的特性。

缓释肥对檫木容器苗生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累的影响

为探究不同含氮量的缓释肥对檫木容器苗生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累的影响,以当年生檫木容器苗为研究对象,在生长期每隔60 d测定其苗高和地径,并于生长停止后,测定其地上和地下生物量和非结构性碳水化合物积累状况。结果显示:缓释肥处理的檫木苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量均显著高于对照,表明施用缓释肥对檫木容器苗的生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累具有显著促进作用。每株施用0.1 g缓释肥处理的檫木容器苗的淀粉含量最高,为9.51 mg·g^(-1);而平均苗高(85.33 cm)、地径(8.74 mm)、地上生物量(10.61 g)和地下生物量(7.92 g)、可溶性糖含量(52.62 mg·g^(-1))等均略低于每株施用0.2 g缓释肥的处理。综合考虑生产成本等因素,建议生产上檫木容器育苗缓释肥施用量为每株0.1 g。

基于云计算的人工智能AIaaS云服务平台研究

随着人工智能技术在各领域的应用推广,传统互联网人工智能云服务平台或产品难以满足各行业不同业务场景、模型的集约管理以及服务能力提升等迫切需求。提出通过在开源的K8S云平台容器框架上导入并集成OpenVINO^(TM)Model Server强大的AI服务组件,构建企业级人工智能服务AIaaS云服务平台。实现了AI模型快速部署、便捷运维、集约化管理,提高了服务能力和用户体验。测试结果表明,提出的框架在性能上优于同类技术框架,满足实际生产业务需求。

集装箱式边缘数据中心震后功能概率评价方法

集装箱式边缘数据中心是5G通信网络中的一类重要节点,准确评价其在不同强度地震作用下的功能水平是5G通信网络震后功能评价的基础。该文以一个典型集装箱式边缘数据中心为研究对象,提出了该类数据中心震后功能的概率评价方法。详细分析了典型数据中心5个子系统的基本部件构成和各基本部件间的功能逻辑关系,建立了子系统的故障树模型和数据中心的状态树模型;通过数值模拟和文献调研,给出了数据中心各基本部件的地震易损性参数;将状态树和蒙特卡洛模拟相结合,计算出了典型数据中心的地震功能易损性曲线和参数。研究表明:空调内机、蓄电池柜和空调外机是集装箱式边缘数据中心的薄弱环节,改善这些薄弱环节可显著提升集装箱式边缘数据中心震后功能水平。

光伏:能源可持续到材料可持续

可持续发展理念已经成为人类社会发展的核心.在能源可持续方面,人们努力增加可再生能源的用量;然而,太阳能光伏产业经过20余年的蓬勃发展,初期建设的光伏电站组件即将迎来“退役潮”.巨量退役光伏组件给环境带来巨大压力,光伏资源可持续2.0概念可能是解题之钥.论述退役光伏组件结构以及含有的有价元素;指出运输成本高,乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)剥离难及含F背板回收污染严重等棘手问题;对退役光伏组件回收的阻碍作用.对光伏资源可持续2.0概念框架下的集装箱式源头拆解理念、超临界发泡组件背板技术、光伏硅废料提纯技术及其合金化工艺进行系统的评述.最后,基于材料2.0概念,对退役光伏组件资源化利用的发展趋势进行展望,可为研发更加绿色高效的退役光伏组件再利用技术,提供一定的参考.

基于容器化的快速射电暴搜寻GPU并行优化

【应用背景】快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst,FRB)搜寻是500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)的重要科学目标之一,其计算复杂度高,数据量大,当前算法GPU利用率偏低,数据处理需较多的人工介入操作。【目的】在不修改算法实现的前提下,实现进程级GPU并行优化,提高GPU整体资源利用率,简化算法运行调度,支持利用自动化脚本驱动计算过程。【方法】利用容器化封装FRB搜寻算法,结合GPU聚合技术实现多个FRB搜寻计算容器的多进程并行,支持GPU闲时复用。通过容器化封装屏蔽了GPU调用、依赖库管理等技术细节,减少人工介入操作。【结果】算法实验结果表明,在不修改原始算法、不增加GPU资源的前提下,将单GPU绑定6个计算进程,并行优化可实现FRB搜寻算法的加速比达到5.3,并行效率达到0.88,取得良好的并行效果。【结论】基于容器化封装及进程级GPU聚合的并行优化,可实现GPU利用率及计算效率的提升,有效支持自动化处理。该方法还具有良好的通用性,可适用于类似应用的并行优化。

基于“双碳”目标的移动应用开发思路及任务调度框架研究

针对手机移动应用领域实现节能减排的问题从移动应用研发和设计角度出发,分析导致耗能的主要因素,从CPU计算、I/O处理、网络传输、定位及动作等维度提出降低手机功耗的优化思路;在当前主流的微服务及容器化架构基础上,以FCFS+SJF为任务排序原则,以AHP模型为任务和资源匹配算法,设计移动应用任务调度效果更优的框架。结果表明:研究在手机端实现了4.8%的节能优化,对于服务器端,在企业级业务量大或高并发的情况下具备明显的节能优化效果;所提任务调度优化框架相较于同类历史算法具备更好的能耗调优效果。研究成果对于“双碳”目标具有较好的推动作用,对于移动应用研发设计领域有一定的借鉴价值。

Anti-explosion performance and dynamic response of an innovative multi-layer composite explosion containment vessel

An innovative multi-layer composite explosion containment vessel(CECV)utilizing a sliding steel platealuminum honeycomb-fiber cloth sandwich is put forward to improve the anti-explosion capacity of a conventional single-layer explosion containment vessel(SECV).Firstly,a series of experiments and finite element(FE)simulations of internal explosions are implemented to understand the basic anti-explosion characteristics of a SECV and the rationality of the computational models and methods is verified by the comparison between the experimental results and simulation results.Based on this,the CECV is designed in detail and a variety of FE simulations are carried out to investigate effects of the sandwich structure,the explosive quantity and the laying mode of the fiber cloth on anti-explosion performance and dynamic response of the CECV under internal explosions.Simulation results indicate that the end cover is the critical position for both the SECV and CECV.The maximum pressure of the explosion shock wave and the maximum strain of the CECV can be extremely declined compared to those of the SECV.As a result,the explosive quantity the CECV can sustain is up to 20 times of that the SECV can sustain.Besides,as the explosive quantity increases,the internal pressure of the CECV keeps growing and the plastic deformation and failure of the sandwich structure become more and more severe,yielding plastic strain of the CECV in addition to elastic strain.The results also reveal that the laying angles of the fiber cloth's five layers have an impact on the anti-explosion performance of the CECV.For example,the CECV with fiber cloth layered in 0°/45°/90°/45°/0°mode has the optimal anti-capacity,compared to 0°/0°/0°/0°/0°and 0°/30°/60°/30°/0°modes.Overall,owing to remarkable anti-explosion capacity,this CECV can be regarded as a promising candidate for explosion resistance.

基于云原生架构的企业级Elasticsearch平台研究

为解决Elasticsearch在企业级应用场景下,基础资源利用率与运维效率低、容器的数据持久化及资源需求多样性等方面问题,基于Ceph和Kubernetes构建了云原生的企业级Elasticsearch平台。对Elasticsearch平台的架构高可用性、数据持久化、容器化部署及资源标准化交付进行关键设计,对架构的优势进行定性分析,并与传统部署架构进行性能方面的定量对比测试。实验结果表明,该平台在架构设计方面优势明显,在性能方面表现良好,在企业级应用中具有较好的运维与经济效益。