MAPPING PARADIGMS OF EUROPEAN INTERNET REGULATION： THE EXAMPLE OF INTERNET CONTENT CONTROL

The article introduces three of the paradigms used to analyze intemet regulation and applies them to the history of internet content control in Europe. It builds on Thomas Kuhn＇s notion of paradigms and previous works on regulatory theory, defining regulatory paradigms as a ＂shared understanding of the purpose of regulation, of the way of thinking about how regulation works, and of the set of institutional arrangements and instruments through which regulation is conducted.＂ Building on this definition, the prevalent concepts of the paradigms of intemet regulation refer to the intention, mechanisms, and the intensity of regulation. The article discusses these concepts with regard to the regulation of interact content control in Europe and analyzes three paradigm shifts that have taken place since the early days of the intemet. These paradigm shifts concern the responsiveness, differentiation, and intensity of regulation.

Controlled Freezing and Open-Pulled Straw (OPS) Vitrification of In vitro Produced Bovine Blastocysts FollowingAnalysis of ATP Content and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Level

To our knowledge,no single study has systemically compared cryopreservation efficiencies of bovine blastocysts derived from in vitro fertilization （IVF）,intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） and somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT） by controlled freezing and vitrification.This experiment,therefore,was designed to compare the cryopreservation of these blastocysts with controlled freezing and OPS vitrification.Adenosine-5’-triphosphate （ATP） content and reactive oxygen species （ROS） level in blastocysts were also analyzed.Firstly,for each type of blastocyst （IVF,ICSI or SCNT）,significant differences were observed between the survival rates of the controlled freezing （（81.56±2.33）,（68.18±4.72） or （47.89±5.83）%） and OPS vitrification groups （（92.24±4.54）,（82.40±3.76） or （78.71±5.91）%;P〈0.05）.Secondly,for each type of blastocyst （IVF,ICSI or SCNT）,ATP content was significantly decreased after controlled freezing or vitrification,and the ATP content in the controlled freezing group （0.43±0.06）,（0.35±0.05） or （0.21±0.02） pmol） was significantly lower than that found in the OPS vitrification group （0.62±0.04）,（0.46±0.03） or （0.30±0.01） pmol;P〈0.05）.Thirdly,ROS level in fresh IVF （（47.33±3.56） c.p.s （counted photons per second）,ICSI （（36.51±2.58） c.p.s） or SCNT blastocysts （（26.44±1.49） c.p.s） was significantly lower than that found in the OPS vitrification group （（72.14±4.31）,（58.89±3.89） or （40.11±5.73） c.p.s;P〈0.05）,but higher than that of the controlled freezing group （34.41±3.32）,（23.13±1.26） or （15.46±2.45） c.p.s;P〈0.05）.The present study indicated that vitrification is more efficient in the cryopreservation of bovine blastocysts derived from IVF,ICSI or SCNT than controlled freezing.Furthermore,both vitrification and controlled freezing significantly altered the ATP content and ROS level in those blastocysts.

Studies on high-yielding cultivation of rice in Guangdong by diagnosis and control of chlorophyll content and LAI

During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),heading(H)and 20 d afterheading(H),to analyze the relation between LAIand yield was more accurrate than only using theLAI value at H stage(see table);(2)Reaching cer-

Change and control of nitrogen in molten steel production process

The change and control of nitrogen content in molten steel was investigated through the production process of "LDBAr-LF-RH-CC". Results show that nitrogen content reduces gradually in converter-steelmaking stage, rises rapidly from the end of converter process to the end of argon station process, continues to increase in ladle furnace process, and decreases slightly in RH refining stage. Since nitrogen is removed mainly by BOF steelmaking and vacuum refining operations, nitrogen in molten steel should be removed as much as possible in these two operations. However, nitrogen uptake should be minimized in other operations of molten steel production process.

杭州国家版本馆恒温恒湿空调系统设计

介绍了恒温恒湿库房空调系统的设计,提出了可在库房建成初期、运行稳定期、战时等灵活切换的3种运行模式,分析了其各自的处理过程与节能性;给出了平、战时空调系统选择方案,提出了平时回收空气源热泵机组和冷水机组的冷凝热作为再热热源,战时利用新风预冷实现温湿度独立控制的方法;利用CFD模拟对室内气流组织进行了优化设计;提出了采用含湿量控制代替定露点法进行湿度控制和风机变频等控制策略。通过调试与运行,证明了各项设计措施在项目中应用的有效性。

Technical Research for Detector of Grain Moisture Content Based on Error Compensation

According to the existing method including testing the frequency and establishing the relationship between moisture content and frequency, a corresponding instrument was designed. In order to further improve the accuracy and rapidity of the system, a new approach to describe the relationship between the measurement error and the temperature was proposed. The error band could be obtained and divided into several parts（based on the range of temperature） to indicate the error value that should compensate the grain moisture content for the changes in temperature. By calculating the error band at the maximum and the minimum operating temperatures, as well as by determining the error compensation value from the error band based on the measurement moisture content, the final effective result was derived.

Authentication and Access Control in RFID Based Logistics-customs Clearance Service Platform

The content security requirements of a radio frequency identification （RFID） based logistics-customs clearance service platform （LCCSP） are analysed in this paper. Then, both the unified identity authentication and the access control modules are designed according to those analyses. Finally, the unified identity authentication and the access control on the business level are implemented separately. In the unified identity authentication module, based on an improved Kerberos-based authentication approach, a new control transfer method is proposed to solve the sharing problem of tickets among different servers of different departments. In the access control module, the functions of access controls are divided into different granularities to make the access control management more flexible. Moreover, the access control module has significant reference value for user management in similar systems.

Moisture Control Methods in Silk Reeling Process of Tobacco Based on the Random Forest Regression

The moisture control of materials in silk reeling technology of tobacco is regarded as the key factor influencing the inner quality of cigarette. In this paper, according to the statistical data of the silk reeling production line of Yunyan (Ruanzhen brand) of Qujing cigarette factory from June 2013 to May 2014, it is feasible to apply the random forest regression model to study the problem of moisture control theoretically. In the perfuming stage of silk reeling, a random forest regression model is established to describe the change of moisture content of finished cut tobacco in the export link of perfuming stage, aroused by several factors including incoming water content and different environment. According to the model, good moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage (accordance with the technological standards) can be realized by adjusting the regulating reference value of incoming moisture under specific workshop environments. In the drying stage of silk reeling, the most effective method of moisture control is to adjust the cylinder wall temperature by means of analyzing the correlation coefficients among variables which influence the moisture content of cut tobacco in the export link of drying stage and then establishing another random forest regression model. And this method is consistent with the traditional production experiences. In conclusion, these methods referred above provide strong theoretical basis for stable moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage.

锅炉炉膛含氧量神经元PID控制及其仿真

燃煤锅炉炉膛中过低的含氧量会使燃烧不充分,过高的含氧量又会使送风带走较多的热能。在一定的给煤速度之下,必须选择合适的送风量才能使炉膛燃烧维持在最佳状态。故必须给出送风量的调节控制方案。为此,首先对于锅炉炉膛的含氧量和送风之间的非线性关系进行数学建模,进而尝试PID补偿控制设计,用根轨迹法确定使闭环系统能稳定的增益.另外,还采用了一种人工神经网络控制方案,比较了两种方法的计算机仿真结果,验证了人工神经元PID控制的有效性。

智能合约格式条款的法律规制

在日新月异的数字化时代,智能合约正如火如荼地发展。智能合约是一种由数字代码形式组成的电子协议,其符合民事合同成立的基本要件。然而,智能合约的缔约方式却不同于一般民商事合同。它并不遵循传统民法中当事人经由个别磋商、讨价还价而议定合同条款之要约与承诺的缔约规则,而是采用一种非常态缔约规则,这使得智能合约具有格式合同的品性。对智能合约格式条款进行法律监管,应立足于现行民事法律法规中关于格式条款的既有规范,再结合智能合约自身独特性,对其予以精准规制。就此而言,对智能合约格式条款的规制应当围绕程序控制、内容控制与行政控制三个方面展开,建构起一个符合智能合约格式条款监管的规范体系。

棉隆土壤消毒联合种植密度防除油菜田杂草及对作物产量和田间光照的影响

在农田杂草的治理中,结合农艺措施来治理草害的发生,可有效减少化学除草剂的使用,实现草害的综合治理。本文采用田间试验研究了棉隆土壤消毒联合油菜不同种植密度对油菜田主要杂草野燕麦Avena fatua、苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus的防除效果,及杂草对氮、磷、钾及水分消耗的影响。结果表明,土壤消毒联合种植密度对油菜田杂草防除效果显著,对野燕麦、苦苣菜均有良好防效,总鲜重防效达到89.8%~100.0%。采取防除措施后,杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗量减少85%以上,有效改善了田间的水肥和光照条件。土壤消毒联合种植密度不同处理的油菜籽产量达到3155.0~4920.5 kg/hm^(2),增产效果显著,产量较未消毒土壤区增加13.3%~76.8%,增收1857.3~10684.8元/hm^(2)。研究表明采用土壤消毒结合种植密度对油菜田杂草具有很好的控制效果,适度增加油菜种植密度既能保证对杂草防效,同时也能保证产量。

基于数据生命周期的煤泥浮选智能控制技术研究进展

随着国家政策和新一代人工智能技术的持续牵引,矿山智能化研究取得突破,其中,选煤厂智能化建设受到高度关注,煤泥浮选智能控制技术一直是阻碍选煤厂智能化建设的关键瓶颈之一。以煤泥浮选数据生命周期为主线,从浮选精煤/尾煤灰分在线预测、浮选药剂智能添加和煤泥浮选系统智能决策3个角度综述了煤泥浮选智能控制技术的研究进展,并展望未来煤泥浮选智能控制技术发展趋势。浮选精煤灰分在线预测困难重重,单一视觉特征信息并不可靠,尾矿灰分的预测技术相对更加成熟可靠;浮选药剂添加量受多个过程变量同时制约,模型性能在整个工况区间的自适应性和泛化能力还需进一步提升;当前浮选工业系统智能控制技术的进一步发展严重受限于浮选精煤/尾煤灰分等指标的预测精度、传感器检测精度、药剂添加精度等因素。浮选过程数据集维度更高,难以建立可靠的知识库,以深度学习为代表的新一代人工智能技术能适应这类数据结构。此外,已有浮选监测系统只针对特定矿物,唯一性较高。未来浮选智能控制系统应集中攻克指标预测、传感器检测精度等方面限制,建立多煤种、模板化的煤泥浮选智能控制资料大数据集和大模型。

HPLC-ELSD同时测定腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分的含量

为了研究腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分(对映海松烯型二萜:奇任醇、Hythiemoside B和豨莶精醇;对映贝壳杉烷型二萜:对映-17,18-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸、对映-16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸和对映-16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸)的含量,本试验建立了高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)同时测定二萜类化合物含量。样品粉碎过筛加甲醇和乙酸乙酯回流提取,蒸发减压除去溶剂,甲醇溶解,0.45μm滤膜滤过,取续滤液进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield^(TM)RP18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.3%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(v/v),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min。蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度为103℃,雾化气流速为3.0 L/min。应用该方法测定腺梗豨莶草样品不同部位中6个二萜类化合物的含量,同时比较叶、枝、茎中对映海松烯型二萜、对映贝壳杉型二萜和总二萜含量的差异。结果显示,6个二萜成分在其线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992);日内和日间精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.5%;回收率介于96.5%~101.5%,RSD均小于2.3%;腺梗豨莶草不同部位(叶、枝、茎)的二萜类化合物含量差异较大。结果表明,本试验所建立的HPLC-ELSD方法简便、准确、重复性好,为腺梗豨莶草药材全面的质量评价和临床应用中最佳药用部位的选择提供了参考。

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m^3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.