In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples a...In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm edge with a respective initial water content of 2.7, 3.76, 3.48, 2.68, 3.28, 2.17 and 2.29 kg/kgms. For cylindrical samples, the radius is set at 0.5 cm and sample heights are 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm with respective water contents of 2.2, 3.19, 2.85, 2.1, 2.17, 2.39 and 2.03 kg/kgms. The effective diffusion coefficients of cubic samples are of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 m2∙s−1 grew with sample edge. As for the cylindrical samples, the effective diffusion coefficients were of the order of 10−9 m2∙s−1 and there was no linear correlation between cylinder height and their effective diffusion coefficient. As for the examination of the initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient, it turned out that the initial water content had no influence on the effective diffusion coefficient of the sweet potato samples.展开更多
Li-Zn mixed ferrites with composition formula ZnxLi0.5-x/2Fe2.5-x/2O4 (0.2≤x≤0.8) were prepared by the usual ceramic method in 1000~1150℃. The effects of Zn substitution and sintering temperature on the formation, ...Li-Zn mixed ferrites with composition formula ZnxLi0.5-x/2Fe2.5-x/2O4 (0.2≤x≤0.8) were prepared by the usual ceramic method in 1000~1150℃. The effects of Zn substitution and sintering temperature on the formation, densification, microstructure and a.c. electrical conductivity have been studied. Under the effect of changing the firing temperature and Zn content, high sintered Li-Zn ferrite bodies are achieved. More fine structure bodies having high electrical resistance are obtained at high Zn content展开更多
Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and N...Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and Neonotonia wightii. Different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium were used to investigate the allelopathic effects of D. stramonium on growth of tested species.?The total chlorophyll content of N. wightii was significantly reduced in all plants treated with both aqueous seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium. In C. ciliaris, the total chlorophyll content was also significantly reduced for those plants treated with aqueous seed extract and leaf extract from D. stramonium. Relative to the control treatments, there was greater reduction in root and shoot length which was observed in higher concentrations of aqueous seed and leaf extracts. Fresh and dry weight of tested species significantly decreased after being treated with both seed and leaf aqueous extracts of D. stramonium. It was found that the allelopathic effect of aqueous seed and leaf extracts from D. stramonium on tested species was concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effects on all tested species increased as the concentration of both extracts increased from 0% to 100%. This study concluded that aqueous seed and leaf extract of D. stramonium have allelopathic effects on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of grass (C. ciliaris) and legume (N. wightii) species.展开更多
In order to ensure that the intake of iodine from iodized salt is adequate, the effects of cooking, storage and iedination on iodine content in iodized salt have been studied. For moni toring the analytical Performanc...In order to ensure that the intake of iodine from iodized salt is adequate, the effects of cooking, storage and iedination on iodine content in iodized salt have been studied. For moni toring the analytical Performance, a qoality control exawhnation was also undertaken. The loss of iodine was greater when salt was stored in plastic bag than in glass bottle. The loss was greater in fortified salt stored at 37℃ and under 76% humidity than in that at 20 ~ 25℃ and under lower humidity. The retention of iodine varied with the kind of has and also was influenced by the water content of cooked food. In general, the retention of iodine during cooking varied considerably (from 36. 6% to 86. 1 % ). The iodine concentration in salts varied greater from 3.0 to 100.3 mg/kg in salt for markets, and from 0 to 90.0 mg/kg in salts for households. 48. 3 % of samples from markets were found to be in compliance with national standards (30 ~ 50 mg/kg), and 72.0% of samples from households were in compliance with national standartl (20 ~ 50 mg/kg). Analytical data collected from 8 of the cooperative laheratories foran analytical reference material showed a 95% codridence interval of the population mean for both precision and accuracy, falling within X± 2SD and passing quality control exdrination展开更多
The effects of riboflavin deficiency and simultaneously nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) given by gastric intubation on the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content were examined in rats. On different days of the experiment, hepa...The effects of riboflavin deficiency and simultaneously nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) given by gastric intubation on the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content were examined in rats. On different days of the experiment, hepatic GSH content of the riboflavin deficient rats decreased to 55-61% of the control rats. When NDMA was given 6 mg kg by gastric intubation to riboflavin deficient rats, hepatic GSH content decreased markedly to 39-43% of the control rats. After supplying riboflavin, hepatie GSH content of the deficient rats recovered to the level of the control rats. These results suggest that alterations of rat hepatic GSH content during riboflavin deficiency may imply as one of the promoting effects of riboflavin deficiency on the carcinogenesis of nitrosamines.展开更多
Soybean seed products contain isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the c...Soybean seed products contain isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment (GE) interaction effects for the isoflavone content (IC) of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability (65.73%) was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability (25.87%) and cytoplasmic heritability (8.39%). Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.展开更多
An understanding of the genetic effects of em-bryo genes for rice quality traits is of impor-tance for rice quality improvement. Analysisof embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic, and ma-ternal genetic effects and genotype...An understanding of the genetic effects of em-bryo genes for rice quality traits is of impor-tance for rice quality improvement. Analysisof embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic, and ma-ternal genetic effects and genotype×environ-展开更多
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibrtors have been widely used to investigate the role of NO on cerebral ischemic injury, but the results are controversial. Moreover, it has been considered to aggravate t...BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibrtors have been widely used to investigate the role of NO on cerebral ischemic injury, but the results are controversial. Moreover, it has been considered to aggravate the ischemic neuronal damage with the release of excessively excitatory amino acids (EAA) during cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, some inhibitory amino acid is suggested to be important for the neuronal protection against ischemic brain damage. Our study has recently showed that treatment with the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) reduced focal cerebral ischemic damage. The effect of L-NA on the contents of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: By evaluating the effect of NOS inhibitor, L-NA on the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia respectively, to investigate the beneficial effect of L-NA on cerebral ischemic injury and the possible mechanism. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled experiment SETTING : Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences MATERIALS: A total of 42 male healthy SD rats (grade Ⅱ, weighting 250-300 g) were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Province (Certification: 04036). Aspartate, glutamate, glycine, GABA, L-NA and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co, St Louis, MO, USA. HPLC-ultraviolet detector system consisted of Agilent 1100 HPLC. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Department of Pharmrcology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2005 to June 2006. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (n = 6), ischemic group (n = 18), L-NA group (n = 18). The model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat was prepared with intraluminal line occlusion methods. In sham-operated rats, the external carotid artery was surgically prepared, but the filament was not inserted. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 6 for each): drugs were administrated at 2, 6 and 12 hours after the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) respectively. L-NA (20 mg/kg, ip) was administrated, twice a day, for 3 consecutive days. Same volume of normal saline was administrated in ischemic and sham operation groups. The changes of infarcted volume and the contents of amino acids were respectively assayed. Image analysis software was used for the measurement of the infarcted area. The results were expressed as a percentage of the infarcted volume of cerebral/volume of whole brain (IV%) in order to control for edema formation. The contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia were respectively measured by HPLC method. All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The volume of cerebral infarction; (2) The contents of aspartate, glutamate glycine and GABA in brain tissue after cerebral ischemia. RESULTS : All 42 rats were involved in the final analysis. (1) Infarcted volume: Volume was 0 in sham-operated group. When L-NA was administrated at 2 and 6 hours after MCAO, the infarcted volume was (20.13±3.59)% and (23.12±5.84)% in L-NA group, which was not similar to that in ischemic group [(22.10±3.98)%, (25.38± 5.37)%, P〉 0.05]. However, the infarcted volume was markedly decreased compared with that of ischemic group when L-NA was administrated at 12 hours after MCAO [(26.11±3.55)% and (37.15±3.58)%, P 〈 0.01]. Changes of amino acid content: At 2 and 6 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in ischemic group were significantly increased compared with those in sham-operated group ( P〈 0.05-0.01). However, contents in L-NA group were similar to those in ischemic group (P 〉 0.05). At 12 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate [(0.21 ±0.06), (0.36±0.05), (0.29±0.12) mg/g] and glutamate [(0.55±0.06), (0.78±0.10), (0.52±0.10) mg/g] in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in L-NA group were significantly decreased compared with those in ischemic group [(0.49±0.17), (0.63± 0.03), (0.51±0.15) mg/g; (0.98±0.30), (1.15±0.15), (0.93±0.15) mg/g, P〈 0.05-0.01]. Glycine in hippocampus was (0.40±0.07) mg/g, which was higher than that in ischemic group [(0.21±0.07) mg/g, P 〈 0.05]. GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex was (0.93±0.10), (0.62±0.12) and (0.81 ±0.10) mg/g, respectively, which was higher than that in ischemic group [(0.60±0.08), (0.37±0.17), (0.59±0.10) mg/g, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION : It may be concluded that L-NA have beneficial effect on ischemic cerebral injury in ischemic later stage in rats. The possible mechanism is that L-NA can decrease the contents of aspartate and glutamate, increase the contents of glycine and GABA.展开更多
花椒热风干燥降速期水分含量低,水分扩散慢,导致热风干燥耗时长。为提高干燥效率,并通过热风与微波组合干燥,分别进行热风干燥、微波干燥和热风-微波组合干燥实验,探究不同干燥参数对花椒失水特性的影响,以确定合理的干燥转换临界点和...花椒热风干燥降速期水分含量低,水分扩散慢,导致热风干燥耗时长。为提高干燥效率,并通过热风与微波组合干燥,分别进行热风干燥、微波干燥和热风-微波组合干燥实验,探究不同干燥参数对花椒失水特性的影响,以确定合理的干燥转换临界点和最优组合干燥模型,并将傅里叶准则数(F_(0))引入Fick第二扩散定律方程,求解有效水分扩散系数(D_(eff))。研究结果表明:热风和微波单独干燥时,升高风温风速和增加微波功率均有利于缩短干燥时间;热风-微波组合干燥花椒时,热风段转微波段的最佳目标含水率即为热风干燥的临界点含水率(65%(w.b)),且高热风温度和高微波功率均可使微波干燥段获得高失水速率;热风-微波组合干燥花椒热风段和微波段对应的最优模型分别为Wang and Singh模型和Page模型,D_(eff)范围分别为1.908×10^(-9)~3.547×10^(-9)m^(2)/s和1.883×10^(-8)~3.321×10^(-8)m^(2)/s。热风-微波组合干燥方式能够显著提高干燥效率,促进花椒内部水分扩散,干燥模型可为优化干燥工艺和设计干燥设备提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm edge with a respective initial water content of 2.7, 3.76, 3.48, 2.68, 3.28, 2.17 and 2.29 kg/kgms. For cylindrical samples, the radius is set at 0.5 cm and sample heights are 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm with respective water contents of 2.2, 3.19, 2.85, 2.1, 2.17, 2.39 and 2.03 kg/kgms. The effective diffusion coefficients of cubic samples are of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 m2∙s−1 grew with sample edge. As for the cylindrical samples, the effective diffusion coefficients were of the order of 10−9 m2∙s−1 and there was no linear correlation between cylinder height and their effective diffusion coefficient. As for the examination of the initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient, it turned out that the initial water content had no influence on the effective diffusion coefficient of the sweet potato samples.
文摘Li-Zn mixed ferrites with composition formula ZnxLi0.5-x/2Fe2.5-x/2O4 (0.2≤x≤0.8) were prepared by the usual ceramic method in 1000~1150℃. The effects of Zn substitution and sintering temperature on the formation, densification, microstructure and a.c. electrical conductivity have been studied. Under the effect of changing the firing temperature and Zn content, high sintered Li-Zn ferrite bodies are achieved. More fine structure bodies having high electrical resistance are obtained at high Zn content
文摘Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and Neonotonia wightii. Different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium were used to investigate the allelopathic effects of D. stramonium on growth of tested species.?The total chlorophyll content of N. wightii was significantly reduced in all plants treated with both aqueous seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium. In C. ciliaris, the total chlorophyll content was also significantly reduced for those plants treated with aqueous seed extract and leaf extract from D. stramonium. Relative to the control treatments, there was greater reduction in root and shoot length which was observed in higher concentrations of aqueous seed and leaf extracts. Fresh and dry weight of tested species significantly decreased after being treated with both seed and leaf aqueous extracts of D. stramonium. It was found that the allelopathic effect of aqueous seed and leaf extracts from D. stramonium on tested species was concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effects on all tested species increased as the concentration of both extracts increased from 0% to 100%. This study concluded that aqueous seed and leaf extract of D. stramonium have allelopathic effects on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of grass (C. ciliaris) and legume (N. wightii) species.
文摘In order to ensure that the intake of iodine from iodized salt is adequate, the effects of cooking, storage and iedination on iodine content in iodized salt have been studied. For moni toring the analytical Performance, a qoality control exawhnation was also undertaken. The loss of iodine was greater when salt was stored in plastic bag than in glass bottle. The loss was greater in fortified salt stored at 37℃ and under 76% humidity than in that at 20 ~ 25℃ and under lower humidity. The retention of iodine varied with the kind of has and also was influenced by the water content of cooked food. In general, the retention of iodine during cooking varied considerably (from 36. 6% to 86. 1 % ). The iodine concentration in salts varied greater from 3.0 to 100.3 mg/kg in salt for markets, and from 0 to 90.0 mg/kg in salts for households. 48. 3 % of samples from markets were found to be in compliance with national standards (30 ~ 50 mg/kg), and 72.0% of samples from households were in compliance with national standartl (20 ~ 50 mg/kg). Analytical data collected from 8 of the cooperative laheratories foran analytical reference material showed a 95% codridence interval of the population mean for both precision and accuracy, falling within X± 2SD and passing quality control exdrination
文摘The effects of riboflavin deficiency and simultaneously nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) given by gastric intubation on the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content were examined in rats. On different days of the experiment, hepatic GSH content of the riboflavin deficient rats decreased to 55-61% of the control rats. When NDMA was given 6 mg kg by gastric intubation to riboflavin deficient rats, hepatic GSH content decreased markedly to 39-43% of the control rats. After supplying riboflavin, hepatie GSH content of the deficient rats recovered to the level of the control rats. These results suggest that alterations of rat hepatic GSH content during riboflavin deficiency may imply as one of the promoting effects of riboflavin deficiency on the carcinogenesis of nitrosamines.
文摘Soybean seed products contain isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment (GE) interaction effects for the isoflavone content (IC) of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability (65.73%) was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability (25.87%) and cytoplasmic heritability (8.39%). Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.
文摘An understanding of the genetic effects of em-bryo genes for rice quality traits is of impor-tance for rice quality improvement. Analysisof embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic, and ma-ternal genetic effects and genotype×environ-
基金the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of HebeiProvince, No. C2005000840
文摘BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibrtors have been widely used to investigate the role of NO on cerebral ischemic injury, but the results are controversial. Moreover, it has been considered to aggravate the ischemic neuronal damage with the release of excessively excitatory amino acids (EAA) during cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, some inhibitory amino acid is suggested to be important for the neuronal protection against ischemic brain damage. Our study has recently showed that treatment with the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) reduced focal cerebral ischemic damage. The effect of L-NA on the contents of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: By evaluating the effect of NOS inhibitor, L-NA on the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia respectively, to investigate the beneficial effect of L-NA on cerebral ischemic injury and the possible mechanism. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled experiment SETTING : Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences MATERIALS: A total of 42 male healthy SD rats (grade Ⅱ, weighting 250-300 g) were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Province (Certification: 04036). Aspartate, glutamate, glycine, GABA, L-NA and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co, St Louis, MO, USA. HPLC-ultraviolet detector system consisted of Agilent 1100 HPLC. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Department of Pharmrcology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2005 to June 2006. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (n = 6), ischemic group (n = 18), L-NA group (n = 18). The model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat was prepared with intraluminal line occlusion methods. In sham-operated rats, the external carotid artery was surgically prepared, but the filament was not inserted. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 6 for each): drugs were administrated at 2, 6 and 12 hours after the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) respectively. L-NA (20 mg/kg, ip) was administrated, twice a day, for 3 consecutive days. Same volume of normal saline was administrated in ischemic and sham operation groups. The changes of infarcted volume and the contents of amino acids were respectively assayed. Image analysis software was used for the measurement of the infarcted area. The results were expressed as a percentage of the infarcted volume of cerebral/volume of whole brain (IV%) in order to control for edema formation. The contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia were respectively measured by HPLC method. All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The volume of cerebral infarction; (2) The contents of aspartate, glutamate glycine and GABA in brain tissue after cerebral ischemia. RESULTS : All 42 rats were involved in the final analysis. (1) Infarcted volume: Volume was 0 in sham-operated group. When L-NA was administrated at 2 and 6 hours after MCAO, the infarcted volume was (20.13±3.59)% and (23.12±5.84)% in L-NA group, which was not similar to that in ischemic group [(22.10±3.98)%, (25.38± 5.37)%, P〉 0.05]. However, the infarcted volume was markedly decreased compared with that of ischemic group when L-NA was administrated at 12 hours after MCAO [(26.11±3.55)% and (37.15±3.58)%, P 〈 0.01]. Changes of amino acid content: At 2 and 6 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in ischemic group were significantly increased compared with those in sham-operated group ( P〈 0.05-0.01). However, contents in L-NA group were similar to those in ischemic group (P 〉 0.05). At 12 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate [(0.21 ±0.06), (0.36±0.05), (0.29±0.12) mg/g] and glutamate [(0.55±0.06), (0.78±0.10), (0.52±0.10) mg/g] in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in L-NA group were significantly decreased compared with those in ischemic group [(0.49±0.17), (0.63± 0.03), (0.51±0.15) mg/g; (0.98±0.30), (1.15±0.15), (0.93±0.15) mg/g, P〈 0.05-0.01]. Glycine in hippocampus was (0.40±0.07) mg/g, which was higher than that in ischemic group [(0.21±0.07) mg/g, P 〈 0.05]. GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex was (0.93±0.10), (0.62±0.12) and (0.81 ±0.10) mg/g, respectively, which was higher than that in ischemic group [(0.60±0.08), (0.37±0.17), (0.59±0.10) mg/g, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION : It may be concluded that L-NA have beneficial effect on ischemic cerebral injury in ischemic later stage in rats. The possible mechanism is that L-NA can decrease the contents of aspartate and glutamate, increase the contents of glycine and GABA.
文摘花椒热风干燥降速期水分含量低,水分扩散慢,导致热风干燥耗时长。为提高干燥效率,并通过热风与微波组合干燥,分别进行热风干燥、微波干燥和热风-微波组合干燥实验,探究不同干燥参数对花椒失水特性的影响,以确定合理的干燥转换临界点和最优组合干燥模型,并将傅里叶准则数(F_(0))引入Fick第二扩散定律方程,求解有效水分扩散系数(D_(eff))。研究结果表明:热风和微波单独干燥时,升高风温风速和增加微波功率均有利于缩短干燥时间;热风-微波组合干燥花椒时,热风段转微波段的最佳目标含水率即为热风干燥的临界点含水率(65%(w.b)),且高热风温度和高微波功率均可使微波干燥段获得高失水速率;热风-微波组合干燥花椒热风段和微波段对应的最优模型分别为Wang and Singh模型和Page模型,D_(eff)范围分别为1.908×10^(-9)~3.547×10^(-9)m^(2)/s和1.883×10^(-8)~3.321×10^(-8)m^(2)/s。热风-微波组合干燥方式能够显著提高干燥效率,促进花椒内部水分扩散,干燥模型可为优化干燥工艺和设计干燥设备提供理论依据。