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Elevation and Land Use Types Have Significant Impacts on Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter Content in Hani Terraced Field of Yuanyang County,China 被引量:5
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作者 LI Feng-bo LU Guang-de +6 位作者 ZHOU Xi-yue NI Hui-xiang XU Chun-chun YUE Chao YANG Xiu-mei FENG Jin-fei FANG Fu-ping 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第1期27-34,共8页
Soil organic matter (SOM) content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to in... Soil organic matter (SOM) content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence: tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China. 展开更多
关键词 Hani terraced field ELEVATION land use type GEOSTATISTICS soil organic matter content
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Identifying the influence of urbanization on soil organic matter content and p H from soil magnetic characteristics 被引量:4
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作者 YANG Han XIONG Heigang +2 位作者 CHEN Xuegang WANG Yaqi ZHANG Fang 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第6期820-830,共11页
Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human act... Soil magnetic characteristics are correlated with soil p H and organic matter content. Analyzing soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H can indirectly evaluate soil pollution caused by human activities. This study analyzed the soil magnetic characteristics, organic matter content and p H in surface soil samples from different land use types in Shihezi city, a newly and rapidly developing oasis city in Xinjiang of China. The aims of this study were to explore the possible relationships among the soil magnetic parameters and thereby improve the understanding of influence of urbanization on soil properties. Eighty surface soil samples at the depth of 0–10 cm were collected from 29 July to 4 August 2013. The results showed that the magnetic minerals in surface soil were dominated by ferromagnetic minerals. Spatially, the magnetic susceptibility(χLF), anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility(χARM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization(SIRM) and "soft" isothermal remanent magnetization(SOFT) were found to be most dominant in the new northern urban area B(N-B), followed by built-up areas(U), suburban agricultural land(F), and then the new northern urban area A(N-A). The values of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were higher in the areas with high intensities of human activities and around the main roads. Meanwhile, the property "hard" isothermal remanent magnetization(HIRM) followed the order of U〉N-B〉F〉N-A. Built-up areas had an average p H value of 7.93, which was much higher than that in the new northern urban areas as well as in suburban agricultural land, due to the increased urban pollutant emissions. The average value of soil organic matter content in the whole study area was 34.69 g/kg, and the values in the new northern urban areas were much higher than those in the suburban agricultural land and built-up areas. For suburban agricultural land, soil organic matter content was significantly negatively correlated with χLF, and had no correlation with other magnetic parameters, since the soil was frequently ploughed. In the new northern urban areas(N-A and N-B), there were significant positive correlations of soil organic matter contents with χARM, SIRM, SOFT and HIRM, because natural grasslands were not frequently turned over. For the built-up areas, soil organic matter contents were significantly positively correlated with χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT, but not significantly correlated with frequency-dependent susceptibility(χFD, expressed as a percentage) and HIRM, because the soil was not frequently turned over or influenced by human activities. The results showed that soil magnetic characteristics are related to the soil turnover time. 展开更多
关键词 environmental magnetism surface soil p H soil organic matter content
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Influence of soil organic matter contents on soil water characteristics of forests on east slope of Gongga Mountain
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作者 ZHANG Bao-hua WANG Zhen-jian +3 位作者 LIU Zi-ting HUANG Ai-min TANG Qing-xin He Yu-rong 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第1期78-80,共3页
By testing soil organic matter (SOM) contents, soil water contents (SWC) within low suctions, and saturated infiltration rates of samples taken from east slope of Gongga Mountain of China, the enhancive effects of... By testing soil organic matter (SOM) contents, soil water contents (SWC) within low suctions, and saturated infiltration rates of samples taken from east slope of Gongga Mountain of China, the enhancive effects of SOM contents on SWC within low suctions and saturated infiltration rates were quantified. The simulated functions might be applied on regional experience forest-hydrology model. The improving function of protecting forest floor and increasing SOM contents on forest ecosystem hydrological effects were also embodied. 展开更多
关键词 Gongga Mountain Soil organic matter content Soil water content within low suction Saturated infiltration rate
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A reliable method for predicting bioethanol yield of different varieties of sweet potato by dry matter content
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作者 Xinwei Wang Shuangqi Tian +1 位作者 Haiwei Lou Renyong Zhao 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 2020年第3期110-116,共7页
In this study,we analyzed the potential of using dry matter content for determining ethanol yield of sweet potatoes as one of the raw materials for bioethanol production.We tested dry matter content,total starch conte... In this study,we analyzed the potential of using dry matter content for determining ethanol yield of sweet potatoes as one of the raw materials for bioethanol production.We tested dry matter content,total starch content,crude protein content,glucose content,fructose content,sucrose content and fermentation indicators of 29 sweet potato varieties in Henan province.Correlation analysis between main component contents of sweet potato and the fermentation indicators were carried on.The results showed that there was strong linear correlation between dry matter content and bioethanol yield(R^2=0.935).In order to prove the conclusion,we also tested dry matter content and ethanol yield of another24 sweet potato varieties.Based on the dry matter content and linear correlations,we predicted the ethanol yields.We performed correlation analysis between the predicted values and the measured values of bioethanol yield of the 24 sweet potato varieties,and found highly significant positive correlation between the predicted values and the measured values.These results confirmed the reliability of using dry matter content for bioethanol production prediction for sweet potatoes. 展开更多
关键词 Sweet potato BIOETHANOL Dry matter content Yield prediction
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Dynamic Accumulation of β-carotene and Dry Matter in Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam] and Their Correlation Analysis
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作者 马佩勇 贾赵东 +2 位作者 边小峰 郭小丁 谢一芝 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第7期1249-1252,共4页
Using three orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties as experimental materials,16 economic traits at 60 d,75 d,90 d,105 d,120 d and 135 d after planting were measured,so as to revealing the dynamic variations of β-carote... Using three orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties as experimental materials,16 economic traits at 60 d,75 d,90 d,105 d,120 d and 135 d after planting were measured,so as to revealing the dynamic variations of β-carotene and dry matter accumulation in roots and their relationships with economic traits in orangefleshed sweetpotato.The results showed that the dynamic variations of β-carotene accumulation in tubers varied hugely among different varieties.Interesting,the βcarotene content of all three varieties showed a significant decrease after 120 d,while the dry matter content of them performed a similar "fluctuation-type".Correlation analysis indicated that β-carotene content of three orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties had no significant correlation with dry matter content and photosynthetic parameters,but the correlation with other economic traits also varied among varieties. 展开更多
关键词 Orange-fleshed sweetpotato β-carotene content Dry matter content Correlation analysis
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Comparative Experiment on Fertilizer Tolerance and Yielding Ability of Cassava in Hunan
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作者 蒋万 吴勇 +1 位作者 杨金辉 宋勇 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第4期845-848,共4页
[Objective] In order to explore the yield potential of cassava, the responses of new cassava varieties to fertilizer quantity was investigated. [Method] A comparative experiment was carried out on 5 new fertilizer-tol... [Objective] In order to explore the yield potential of cassava, the responses of new cassava varieties to fertilizer quantity was investigated. [Method] A comparative experiment was carried out on 5 new fertilizer-tolerant high-yield cassava varieties(Guire 8, Guire 9, Guire 10, Xinxuan 048 and Guiken 09-26) with the normal-level fertilization groups of these varieties as controls. [Result] The results showed that:(1) increasing fertilizers could significantly improve the stem and leaf yield of cassava;(2) increasing fertilizers could reduce the dry matter content of cassava; and(3) different varieties differed in fertilizer tolerance, and the fertilizing amount should be determined according to specific varieties. [Conclusion] Guire 10 and Xinxuan 048 are suitable for being cultivated at a high fertilizer level, and the remaining three varieties(Guiken 09-26, Guire 8 and Guire 9) are suitable for being cultivated at a normal fertilizer level. 展开更多
关键词 CASSAVA VARIETY Fertilizer-tolerance Yield Dry matter content
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Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds 被引量:13
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作者 Fares Al Momani Mo’ayyad Shawaqfah +1 位作者 Ahmad Shawaqfeh Mohammad Al-Shannag 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第6期675-682,共8页
Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB). Effects of reactants concentration (O3, H2O2, and Fe(Ⅱ)), temperature, and pH on NB... Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB). Effects of reactants concentration (O3, H2O2, and Fe(Ⅱ)), temperature, and pH on NB degradation were monitored. Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed. A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2, higher temperatures, and more acidic conditions (pH 3). Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose, higher temperatures, and more basic conditions (pH 11). Complete NB degradation in 65 min was achieved using Fenton process. The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mg/L of initial NB concentration, were 250 mg/L of H202 concentration, pH 3, and 10 mg/L of Fe(Ⅱ) concentration. Under these conditions, 55% organic carbon elimination was achieved. Total organic carbon mineralization was attained in 240 rain reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H202 concentration, and 30 mg/L of Fe(Ⅱ) concentration. Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic; the reaction rate constant was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min^-1. Complete NB degradation was also achieved for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L. The ozonation was studied at different ozone doses, different initial pH (7-11) and at different temperatures (15-35℃). NB ozonation kinetic was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20℃ from 0.004 to 0.020 min^-1 as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9 g/L. 展开更多
关键词 nitro-aromatics chemical oxidation organic matter content
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Evaluation of the Characteristics of Virus-free Sweetpotato and Its Use in Hybridization 被引量:5
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作者 MA Dai-fu, LI Xiu-ying, LI Hong-min, XIE Yi-ping WANG Yi, ZHANG Li-ming, LIU Zhang-xiong and LI Qiang(Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu 221121 CIP-Beijing Liaison Office, Beijing 100081 Shandong Academy ofAgricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100) 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2002年第3期251-255,共5页
Application of virus-free sweetpotato is a breakthrough of sweetpotato production. Several popular varieties were adopted to study their yield increase potential and their use in breeding in this research. The results... Application of virus-free sweetpotato is a breakthrough of sweetpotato production. Several popular varieties were adopted to study their yield increase potential and their use in breeding in this research. The results showed that after virus-elimination, all varieties had a yield increase ranging from 14.95% - 91. 61% and marketable quality improvement, despite the changes in location and season. The changes of dry matter content and disease resistance were not significant. Virus-free sweetpotato performed vigorous vine growth and strong dry matter assimilation ability. Virus-free parents had a slightly high seed setting percentage, but its flowering ability and performance of off-springs were similar to that of its check plants. 展开更多
关键词 SWEETPOTATO VIRUS-FREE Growth habit Dry matter content Disease resistance
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How does organic matter affect the physical and mechanical properties of forest soil? 被引量:1
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作者 Ehsan Abdi Shojaat Babapour +2 位作者 Baris Majnounian Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri Azade Deljouei 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第3期654-659,共6页
Determining the physical and mechanical properties of soil and its behavior for engineering projects is essential for road construction operations. One of the most important principles in forest road construction, whi... Determining the physical and mechanical properties of soil and its behavior for engineering projects is essential for road construction operations. One of the most important principles in forest road construction, which is usually neglected, is to avoid mixing organic matter with road materials during excavation and embankment construction. The current study aimed to assess the influence of organic matter on the physical properties and mechanical behaviors of forest soil and to analyze the relation between the amount of organic matter and the behavior of forest soil as road material. A typical soil sample from the study area was collected beside a newly constructed roadbed. The soil was mixed with different percentages of organic matter(control treatment, 5, 10, and 15% by mass) and different tests including Atterberg limits, standard compaction, and California bearing ratio(CBR) tests were conducted on these different soil mixtures. The results showed that soil plasticity increased linearly with increasing organic matter.Increasing the organic matter from 0%(control) to 15%resulted in an increase of 11.64% of the plastic limit and 15.22% of the liquid limit after drying at 110 ℃. Also,increasing the organic matter content reduced the soil maximum dry density and increased the optimum moisture content. Increasing the organic matter from 0 to 15% resulted in an increase of 11.0% of the optimum moisture content and a decrease of 0.29 g/cm;of the maximum dry density. Organic matter decreased the CBR, which is used as the index of road strength. Adding 15% organic matter to the soil resulted in a decrease of the CBR from 15.72 to 4.75%. There was a significant difference between the two drying temperatures(60 and 110 ℃) for the same organic matter mixtures with lower water content values after drying at 60 ℃. The results revealed the adverse influence of organic matter on soil engineering properties and showed the importance of organic matter removal before excavation and fill construction. 展开更多
关键词 Atterberg limits California bearing ratio Hyrcanian forest Organic matter content Soil compaction
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Estimation of soil organic matter in the Ogan-Kuqa River Oasis, Northwest China, based on visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning 被引量:1
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作者 ZHOU Qian DING Jianli +3 位作者 GE Xiangyu LI Ke ZHANG Zipeng GU Yongsheng 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期191-204,共14页
Visible and near-infrared(vis-NIR)spectroscopy technique allows for fast and efficient determination of soil organic matter(SOM).However,a prior requirement for the vis-NIR spectroscopy technique to predict SOM is the... Visible and near-infrared(vis-NIR)spectroscopy technique allows for fast and efficient determination of soil organic matter(SOM).However,a prior requirement for the vis-NIR spectroscopy technique to predict SOM is the effective removal of redundant information.Therefore,this study aims to select three wavelength selection strategies for obtaining the spectral response characteristics of SOM.The SOM content and spectral information of 110 soil samples from the Ogan-Kuqa River Oasis were measured under laboratory conditions in July 2017.Pearson correlation analysis was introduced to preselect spectral wavelengths from the preprocessed spectra that passed the 0.01 level significance test.The successive projection algorithm(SPA),competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),and Boruta algorithm were used to detect the optimal variables from the preselected wavelengths.Finally,partial least squares regression(PLSR)and random forest(RF)models combined with the optimal wavelengths were applied to develop a quantitative estimation model of the SOM content.The results demonstrate that the optimal variables selected were mainly located near the range of spectral absorption features(i.e.,1400.0,1900.0,and 2200.0 nm),and the CARS and Boruta algorithm also selected a few visible wavelengths located in the range of 480.0–510.0 nm.Both models can achieve a more satisfactory prediction of the SOM content,and the RF model had better accuracy than the PLSR model.The SOM content prediction model established by Boruta algorithm combined with the RF model performed best with 23 variables and the model achieved the coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.78 and the residual prediction deviation(RPD)of 2.38.The Boruta algorithm effectively removed redundant information and optimized the optimal wavelengths to improve the prediction accuracy of the estimated SOM content.Therefore,combining vis-NIR spectroscopy with machine learning to estimate SOM content is an important method to improve the accuracy of SOM prediction in arid land. 展开更多
关键词 soil organic matter content vis-NIR spectroscopy random forest Boruta algorithm machine learning
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Effects of Returning Methods on Wheat Stem Rot and Yield 被引量:2
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作者 Xiang LI Fenyuan YI +2 位作者 Sanchao CAO Chao WANG Yangli ZHANG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2022年第3期54-58,71,共6页
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the quality of straw returning to the field,enhance wheat disease resistance and ensure high and stable yield of wheat.[Methods]The effects of four returning modes on wh... [Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the quality of straw returning to the field,enhance wheat disease resistance and ensure high and stable yield of wheat.[Methods]The effects of four returning modes on wheat stem rot and yield were studied by observation and experiments.[Results]The incidence rate and disease index of stem rot and white head rate of wheat were significantly reduced and the yield was significantly increased by adopting the method of straw returning to the field with the separation of"returning and seeding".The incidence rate and disease index of stem rot and white head rate of wheat were higher than those of the CK and the yield was significantly reduced when adopting the straw returning method of direct sowing.Treatment T_(1)(after maize was harvested,fertilizers,a nutrient-loaded microbial agent and a soil conditioner were evenly spread on the surface of straw,which was then returned to the field using a straw returning machine twice,and then ploughing,soil preparation and wheat sowing were carried out)showed an incidence rate of wheat crown rot 54.8%lower than that of the CK and a white head rate 87.5%lower than that of the CK,and the yield was 2305 kg/hm^(2) higher than that of the CK.[Conclusions]Straw returning can increase soil organic matter content,reduce soil bulk density,enhance soil respiration,and improve wheat disease resistance and yield. 展开更多
关键词 Straw returning method Wheat stem rot YIELD Organic matter content Bulk density
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Effects of ontogenetic stage and leaf age on leaf functional traits and the relationships between traits in Pinus koraiensis 被引量:1
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作者 Meng Ji Guangze Jin Zhili Liu 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第6期2459-2471,共13页
Investigating the effects of ontogenetic stage and leaf age on leaf traits is important for understanding the utilization and distribution of resources in the process of plant growth.However,few studies have been cond... Investigating the effects of ontogenetic stage and leaf age on leaf traits is important for understanding the utilization and distribution of resources in the process of plant growth.However,few studies have been conducted to show how traits and trait-trait relationships change across a range of ontogenetic stage and leaf age for evergreen coniferous species.We divided 67 Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.of various sizes(0.3-100 cm diameter at breast height,DBH)into four ontogenetic stages,i.e.,young trees,middle-aged trees,mature trees and over-mature trees,and measured the leaf mass per area(LMA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),and mass-based leaf nitrogen content(N)and phosphorus content(P)of each leaf age group for each sampled tree.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to describe the variation in leaf traits by ontogenetic stage and leaf age.The standardized major axis method was used to explore the effects of ontogenetic stage and leaf age on trait-trait relationships.We found that LMA and LDMC increased significantly and N and P decreased significantly with increases in the ontogenetic stage and leaf age.Most trait-trait relationships were consistent with the leaf economic spectrum(LES)at a global scale.Among them,leaf N content and LDMC showed a significant negative correlation,leaf N and P contents showed a significant positive correlation,and the absolute value of the slopes of the trait-trait relationships showed a gradually increasing trend with an increasing ontogenetic stage.LMA and LDMC showed a significant positive correlation,and the slopes of the trait-trait relationships showed a gradually decreasing trend with leaf age.Additionally,there were no significant relationships between leaf N content and LMA in most groups,which is contrary to the expectation of the LES.Overall,in the early ontogenetic stages and leaf ages,the leaf traits tend to be related to a"low investment-quick returns"resource strategy.In contrast,in the late ontogenetic stages and leaf ages,they tend to be related to a"high investment-slow returns"resource strategy.Our results reflect the optimal allocation of resources in Pinus koraiensis according to its functional needs during tree and leaf ontogeny. 展开更多
关键词 Leaf age Leaf dry matter content Leaf mass per area Leaf nitrogen content Leaf phosphorus content Ontogenetic stage Pinus koraiensis
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Effects of Method for Returning Straw to Field on Soil Properties,Straw Decomposition and Nutrient Release 被引量:1
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作者 Xiang LI Qiao ZENG +2 位作者 Shanchao CAO Yueli MA Yangli ZHANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2022年第5期51-56,共6页
[Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Aca... [Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the experimental base,the effects of returning double-crop wheat and corn straw to field(Twm),returning single-crop corn straw to field(Tm),returning single-crop wheat straw to field(Tw)on soil temperature,water content,straw decomposition rate and nutrient release,soil organic matter and bulk density were studied systematically.[Results]Twm treatment could effectively alleviate the effects of meteorological conditions on soil temperature and water content.The decomposition rate of straw treated with Twm was 4.7%higher than that of Tm treatment,3.8%higher than that of Tw treatment,10.5%higher than that of Tm treatment,and the decomposition rate of straw showed a trend of"first fast,then slow and then fast".The release of nitrogen from straw was basically similar to that of straw decay,and the release of potassium and phosphorus increased at first and then remained basically unchanged.The release rate of potassium was the highest,followed by phosphorus and nitrogen.The content of soil organic matter in Twm treatment increased by 11.67%annually,an annual average of 0.998 g/kg.The soil bulk density of Twm treatment decreased by 0.058 g/cm^(3) annually,an annual average of 4.29%.The fundamental reason is that Twm treatment provides conditions(temperature,water content,nutrition)for microbial growth,reproduction,enzyme production and biochemical reaction,and increases the exchange capacity of soil and external water,heat,gas and fertilizer.[Conclusions]It is expected is to help people change their understanding of returning straw to field from"quick harvest"to"fertilizer transformation". 展开更多
关键词 Method for returning straw to field Straw decomposition Soil organic matter content Soil bulk density
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Mycelium Growth and Yielding of Black Poplar Mushroom-Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing. on Different Substrates
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作者 Agnieszka Jasifiska Marek Siwulski Krzysztof Sobieralski 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2012年第9期1040-1047,共8页
Mycelial growth and yield of two strains ofA. aegerita on different substrates was investigated. Mycelial growth on agar media (PDA, standard, wheat, MEA, CYM, PCA, sawdust extracts: alder and mixture of beech and b... Mycelial growth and yield of two strains ofA. aegerita on different substrates was investigated. Mycelial growth on agar media (PDA, standard, wheat, MEA, CYM, PCA, sawdust extracts: alder and mixture of beech and birch (1:1)) and sawdust substrates (birch, beech, oak, maple, alder) was investigated. Petri dishes (Ф 9 cm) for agar media and biological tubes (18 cm long and Ф 2.5 cm) for sawdust substrates were used. Yield and morphological features were studied on birch, beech and mixture of beech and alder (1:1) sawdust substrates. The temperature of inoculation for agar media and sawdust substrates was 25 ℃. For yielding, when mycelium has completely overgrown the substrate the temperature was decreased to 15-17 ℃ to initiate primordia formation. The cultivation was enlightened 10 h/d with daylight lamps (500 Ix). One crop was harvested after five weeks. The carpophores of black poplar mushrooms were picked up in clusters. There was no statistically important difference between the mycelial growths of the investigated strains. The best growing agar media were PDA (7.3 cm), MEA (7.2 cm) and wheat (7.1 cm), both strains showed the slowest mycelium growth on CYM (5.2 cm). The mycelial growth on sawdust was the best on the beech (7.1 cm) and birch (6.8 cm) sawdust. The best substrate for cultivation ofA. aegerita was mixture of beech and alder sawdust (39.5 g/100 substrate DM). The dry yield of carpophores were the highest on beech and alder substrate (3.2 g/100 substrate DM), but dry matter content was the highest on beech sawdust (15.7%). The heaviest carpophores were harvested from birch sawdust (3.7 g); the biggest caps from beech and alder sawdust (3.3 cm). There were no statistically important differences between the mycelium growth and yielding between both investigated strains. 展开更多
关键词 Agrocybe aegerita black poplar mushroom mycelium growth YIELD CULTIVATION dry matter content.
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Analysis of Tuber Yield- and Maturity- Related Traits in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)
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作者 A. M. Sartie J. Franco R. Asiedu 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2011年第3期311-322,共12页
Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them w... Inadequate yield potential of available varieties and their long growth periods are two of the factors limiting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production. Identifying yield- and maturity-related traits and breeding for them will enhance production. Ten morphological/physiological traits: time of shoot emergence, time of tuber initiation, plant height, shoot dry weight, time of shoot senescence, tuber fresh weight (tuber yield), tuber number/plant, tuber parenchyma colour, tuber dry matter content and tuber dormancy period were assessed in eight accessions of D. alata L. (water yam) on the field in 2008 and 2009. Tuber yield-related traits were identified as shoot dry weight and time of shoot emergence. Shoot dry weight had the strongest positive effect; time of shoot emergence had a negative effect. High yielding accessions had a high shoot dry weight, but were low in tuber dry matter content. Uniform tuber parenchyma colour was the sole trait related to tuber maturity, but early and late senescing accessions did not consistently differ in the trait. TDa 00/00103 is high yielding and early maturing and may be used as a parent for breeding for high yield and early maturity in D. alata. 展开更多
关键词 Dioscorea alata yam improvement YIELD MATURITY tuber fresh weight SENESCENCE dry matter content.
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Screening of New High Quality and High Yield Sweet Potato Varieties in Zaozhuang of Shandong Province
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作者 Jie XU Jialiang LI Junchang LIANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2021年第12期33-36,52,共5页
[Objectives]To compare the growth period,dry matter content and yield of 12 different sweet potato varieties,so as to screen out new sweet potato varieties with high yield,high quality and high dry matter content suit... [Objectives]To compare the growth period,dry matter content and yield of 12 different sweet potato varieties,so as to screen out new sweet potato varieties with high yield,high quality and high dry matter content suitable for cultivation in Zaozhuang of Shandong Province.[Methods]Field random arrangement,three replicates,and field observation were adopted,and data were surveyed and summarized.[Results]There were significant differences in the maturity period between varieties.Longshu 9,Hongxiangjiao,Sushu 8,Yanshu 25,and Yanshu 0747 in the fresh eating group were mature earlier,and Yuzi 7 was mature later;Xushu 32 in the starch group was mature earlier,while Xushu 22(ck),Shangshu 19,Jishu 25,and Jishu 98 had moderate maturity period,and Jixu 23 was mature later.The difference in the yield between the fresh eating group and the starch group reached a very significant level.In the fresh eating group,Yanshu 25 had the highest yield,followed by Longshu 9,and then Yanshu 0747;in the starch group,Jishu 98 had the highest yield,followed by Shangshu 19,and then Jixu 23.Besides,there were significant differences in the dry matter content between varieties.In the fresh eating group,Yuzi 7 had the highest dry matter content(30.4%),followed by Yanshu 25(28.1%),and then Yanshu 0747(28.1%);in the starch group,Xushu 32 had the highest dry matter content(33.6%),followed by Jishu 25(32%),and then Jishu 98(31.5%).[Conclusions]Combining the maturity period,yield,dry matter content,appearance,taste and unique ecological conditions in Zaozhuang area,the varieties suitable for cultivation in Zaozhuang area were screened:in the fresh eating group,it was Yanshu 25 and Longshu 9;in the starch group,it was Jishu 98,Shangshu 19,and Jixu 23. 展开更多
关键词 Sweet potato Dry matter content High quality and high yield SCREENING
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Conocarpus Biochar Induces Changes in Soil Nutrient Availability and Tomato Growth Under Saline Irrigation 被引量:9
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作者 Adel Rabie A.USMAN Mohammad I.AL-WABEL +6 位作者 Yong S.OK Abdulaziz AL-HARBI Mahmoud WAHB-ALLAH Ahmed Hamdy EL-NAGGAR Mahtab AHMAD Abdulelah AL-FARAJ Abdulrasoul AL-OMRAN 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第1期27-38,共12页
Thermally modified organic materials commonly known as biochar have gained popularity of being used as a soil amendment.Little information, however, is available on the role of biochar in alleviating the negative impa... Thermally modified organic materials commonly known as biochar have gained popularity of being used as a soil amendment.Little information, however, is available on the role of biochar in alleviating the negative impacts of saline water on soil productivity and plant growth. This study, therefore, was conducted to investigate the effects of Conocarpus biochar(BC) and organic farm residues(FR) at different application rates of 0.0%(control), 4.0% and 8.0%(weight/weight) on yield and quality of tomatoes grown on a sandy soil under drip irrigation with saline or non-saline water. The availability of P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu to plants was also investigated. The results demonstrated clearly that addition of BC or FR increased the vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters in all irrigation treatments. It was found that salt stress adversely affected soil productivity, as indicated by the lower vegetative growth and yield components of tomato plants. However, this suppressing effect on the vegetative growth and yield tended to decline with application of FR or BC, especially at the high application rate and in the presence of biochar. Under saline irrigation system, for instance, the total tomato yield increased over the control by 14.0%–43.3% with BC and by 3.9%–35.6% with FR. These could be attributed to enhancement effects of FR or BC on soil properties, as indicated by increases in soil organic matter content and nutrient availability. Therefore, biochar may be effectively used as a soil amendment for enhancing the productivity of salt-affected sandy soils under arid conditions. 展开更多
关键词 drip irrigation organic farm residues organic matter content salt stress sandy soils soil amendment soil productivity
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Community-level trait responses and intra-specific trait variability play important roles in driving community productivity in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau 被引量:3
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作者 Wei Li Jie Zhao +3 位作者 Howard E.Epstein Guanghua Jing Jimin Cheng Guozhen Du 《Journal of Plant Ecology》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第4期592-600,共9页
Aims Human activities have dramatically increased nutrient inputs to ecosys-tems,impacting plant community diversity,composition and function-ing.Extensive research has shown that a decrease in species diversity and a... Aims Human activities have dramatically increased nutrient inputs to ecosys-tems,impacting plant community diversity,composition and function-ing.Extensive research has shown that a decrease in species diversity and an increase in productivity are a common phenomenon following fertilization in grasslands ecosystem.The magnitude of the response of species diversity and above-ground net primary productivity(ANPP)to fertilization mainly depends on species traits(mean trait values)and traits variability(plasticity).Our aim of this study was to examine(i)changes of species diversity(species richness and Shannon-Wiener index)and ANPP following fertilization;(ii)which species traits or community-weighted mean(CWM)traits can determine ANPP,as expected from the‘biomass ratio hypothesis’;and(iii)the relative role of intra-specific and inter-specific trait variability in this process following fertilization.Methods We measured ANPP and four key plant functional traits:specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),mature plant height(MPH)and leaf nitrogen concentration(LNC)for 25 component species along a fertilization gradient in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.In addition,trait variation of species was assessed using coefficients of variation(CV),and we calculated the ratio of the CVintra to the CVinter.Important Findings Our results showed that:(i)fertilization significantly reduced species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity index,but sig-nificantly increased ANPP;(ii)there was a significant positive correlation between ANPP and CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH,yet there was no significant relationship between ANPP and CWM-LNC or CWM-LDMC;(iii)intra-specific variability in SLA and MPH was found to be much greater than inter-specific variability,especially at the higher fertilization levels.We con-cluded that CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH can be used to assess the impacts of species changes on ecosystem functioning,and dominant species can maximize resource use through intra-spe-cific variability in SLA and MPH to compensate for the loss of species following fertilization,therefore maintaining high com-munity productivity. 展开更多
关键词 biomass ratio hypothesis FERTILIZATION leaf dry matter content leaf nitrogen concentration mature plant height specific leaf area Tibetan Plateau
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Prediction of remnant volatile matter in the semicokes from coal partial gasification 被引量:2
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作者 LIU DianFu WEI XiaoLin SHENG HongZhi 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第11期3017-3021,共5页
The semicokes from different coals were prepared under various temperatures by partial gasification method in a fixed bed. According to the analysis of the Vaaf in the coals and semicokes, a new method is presented to... The semicokes from different coals were prepared under various temperatures by partial gasification method in a fixed bed. According to the analysis of the Vaaf in the coals and semicokes, a new method is presented to predict the content of remnant volatile matter in the semicokes from coal partial gasification. The two fuel character indexes FV and FC were introduced to symbolize the second volatilized temperature and the fully volatilized temperature respectively. Then according to the proximate and ultimate analysis data of raw coal, the content of Vdaf in the semicokes prepared under various temperatures can be predicted. 展开更多
关键词 partial gasification semicokes content of volatile matter
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Basic characteristics and evaluation of shale oil reservoirs 被引量:7
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作者 Zaixing Jiang Wenzhao Zhang +3 位作者 Chao Liang Yongshi Wang Huimin Liu Xiang Chen 《Petroleum Research》 2016年第2期149-163,共15页
Shale oil refers to liquid hydrocarbons existing in free,dissolved or adsorbed states in the effective source rock of mudstones or shales,where some residual oil is retained after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion ... Shale oil refers to liquid hydrocarbons existing in free,dissolved or adsorbed states in the effective source rock of mudstones or shales,where some residual oil is retained after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from the mudstones or shales.Basically shale oil experiences no migration or only undergoes some primary,short-distance migration within the source rocks.So far,there is no consensus on the exact definition of shale oil in China.Researches on the reservoir-controlling factors and evaluation elements are also far from sufficient.In this study,shale oil reservoirs are defined as mudstones or shales excluding the interbedded or adjacent layers of coarser siliciclastic or chemical-biogenic lithofacies(e.g.siltstone,carbonate,salt or chert layers)in the source rocks.According to different reservoiring mechanisms,shale oil reservoirs are classified into“fracture type”and“matrix type”.The general features of shale oil reservoirs include:rich in organic matters,dominated by Type I and II_(1) kerogen(with Ro=0.6%-1.2%and total organic content(TOC)>2.0%),complex mineral compositions and laminated structures,tight storage space,low porosity and ultra-low permeability,and as well as the requirement for reservoir fracturing.This paper emphasizes the critical role of organic matter in the formation and evaluation of shale oil reservoirs,and its critical control on the oil generation potential and storage capacity of shale,which eventually determine the oil content and productivity of shale oil reservoirs.Besides,a set of reservoir evaluation criteria is also put forward with a focus on the TOC content,in which the threshold values of TOC are set to be 2%and 4%,and a variety of indicators are taken into account including the type and maturity of organic matter,the thickness of organic-rich shale,mineral compositions and rock types,porosity and permeability,and fracturing ability.The evaluation criteria divide shale oil reservoirs into three grades,i.e.,target reservoir,favorable reservoir and invalid reservoir. 展开更多
关键词 shale oil tight oil reservoir characteristics evaluation elements and criteria organic matter content
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