在早期中国思想的研究中,神(deities)、灵(spirit)及其内涵变迁是一个聚讼纷纭的问题。不同的语境中意涵各异的神、灵及其诠释不仅是一个概念研究的课题,也是一个古典思想研究的方法论问题。并不一定存在着一个划一的类型学框架来说明...在早期中国思想的研究中,神(deities)、灵(spirit)及其内涵变迁是一个聚讼纷纭的问题。不同的语境中意涵各异的神、灵及其诠释不仅是一个概念研究的课题,也是一个古典思想研究的方法论问题。并不一定存在着一个划一的类型学框架来说明神、灵及其相关语汇的意涵。与之相对,神灵以及与之相关的一组语词在传统思想文本中的使用是多线索并行的、互不统属的、非结构化和线索性的。这些语词在不同文本中的意义之间并不存在着一种自觉的连贯性和结构性,恰恰相反,它们的意涵是随事变化的。以一种类型学或线索性框架形成的对“神灵”意义的诠释是一种全局性预设的结果。“随事变化”(varying with changing contexts)的理解进路一方面提出“全局性”和“词典式”预设在思想史和观念研究中可能存在的问题,另一方面也尝试进一步探究以经验边缘的独特叙述方法为经验世界及其秩序奠基的描述性方法,以及它对于理解早期中国思想可能的方法论意义。展开更多
The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of pro...The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of product smartness.Unlike artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary context-awareness.Biologically inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design strategies.However,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to date.This paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart products.The meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product design.The framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function reformulation.Some existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.展开更多
Chinese culture is broad,profound and rich in connotation.Often a word,word,sentence in different chapters will have different meanings,which is undoubtedly a major difficulty for students learning Chinese as a second...Chinese culture is broad,profound and rich in connotation.Often a word,word,sentence in different chapters will have different meanings,which is undoubtedly a major difficulty for students learning Chinese as a second language.With the continuous development of context theory,the important position of context teaching method in the teaching process has gradually emerged.Therefore,this paper will combine the actual situation of TCFL classroom,analyze and research the application strategy of context teaching in TCFL classroom.展开更多
English learning as a language communication is considered as much more like an approach rather than a method in most cases.This paper focuses on the introduction of the situation of development of communicative langu...English learning as a language communication is considered as much more like an approach rather than a method in most cases.This paper focuses on the introduction of the situation of development of communicative language teaching approach abroad and at home.And extra attention has been paid to the current realities of teaching in underdeveloped area in China,with certain suggested strategies proposed along with.展开更多
文摘在早期中国思想的研究中,神(deities)、灵(spirit)及其内涵变迁是一个聚讼纷纭的问题。不同的语境中意涵各异的神、灵及其诠释不仅是一个概念研究的课题,也是一个古典思想研究的方法论问题。并不一定存在着一个划一的类型学框架来说明神、灵及其相关语汇的意涵。与之相对,神灵以及与之相关的一组语词在传统思想文本中的使用是多线索并行的、互不统属的、非结构化和线索性的。这些语词在不同文本中的意义之间并不存在着一种自觉的连贯性和结构性,恰恰相反,它们的意涵是随事变化的。以一种类型学或线索性框架形成的对“神灵”意义的诠释是一种全局性预设的结果。“随事变化”(varying with changing contexts)的理解进路一方面提出“全局性”和“词典式”预设在思想史和观念研究中可能存在的问题,另一方面也尝试进一步探究以经验边缘的独特叙述方法为经验世界及其秩序奠基的描述性方法,以及它对于理解早期中国思想可能的方法论意义。
基金This work was supported in part by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875030).
文摘The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of product smartness.Unlike artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary context-awareness.Biologically inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design strategies.However,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to date.This paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart products.The meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product design.The framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function reformulation.Some existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.
文摘Chinese culture is broad,profound and rich in connotation.Often a word,word,sentence in different chapters will have different meanings,which is undoubtedly a major difficulty for students learning Chinese as a second language.With the continuous development of context theory,the important position of context teaching method in the teaching process has gradually emerged.Therefore,this paper will combine the actual situation of TCFL classroom,analyze and research the application strategy of context teaching in TCFL classroom.
文摘English learning as a language communication is considered as much more like an approach rather than a method in most cases.This paper focuses on the introduction of the situation of development of communicative language teaching approach abroad and at home.And extra attention has been paid to the current realities of teaching in underdeveloped area in China,with certain suggested strategies proposed along with.
