Application of LRB isolation technology in continuous girder bridges

This paper summarizes the superiority of lead-rubber beating （LRB） continuous girder bridges. The research method for isolation performance is discussed when pile-soil interaction is considered. By the finite element method and self-compiling program, a systematic study of the reliability of LRB continuous girder bridges is given by the use of different indicators, including the riding comfort of the LRB system, the pounding and dynamic stability when the LRB system is subjected to seismic excitations, and the reliability of the LRB system when subjected to other common horizontal loads. The results show that the LRB system has obvious advantages over the traditional continuous girder structure. The LRB isolation effect remains good even when pile-soil interaction is considered; the vertical rigidity of the LRB guarantees desirable riding comfort. The LRB demonstrates good reliability when subjected to the effects of braking, wind loads and temperature. However, it is also pointed out that the pounding of the LRB system subjected to earthquakes must be avoided, and the dynamic stability may be reduced when the LRB system has higher piers and generates a larger displacement in a strong earthquake. Useful advice and guidance are proposed for engineering application.

Study of the seismic performance of expansion double spherical seismic isolation bearings for continuous girder bridges

The development of an expansion double spherical seismic isolation (DSSI) bearing by modifying the fixed DSSI bearing is described in this paper. The expansion DSSI bearing is characterized by its good energy dissipation and horizontal displacement capacity and has been successfully integrated into the seismic design of several important engineering projects in China. It is envisioned to be used as a substitute for ordinary expansion bearings in continuous girder bridges to distribute the longitudinal earthquake action among all the piers. Its development, configuration and working mechanism are introduced first. The test method and the seismic performance of an expansion DSSI bearing are then briefly described. A theoretical analysis followed by a numerical analysis for an actual four-span continuous girder bridge are provided as an example, and it is concluded that the expansion DSSI bearing can be integrated into the seismic design of continuous girder bridges.

Numerical Simulation for Progressive Collapse of Continuous Girder Bridge Subjected to Ship Impact

The three-stage simulation method based on LS-DYNA was introduced in this study to simulate the progressive collapse of a continuous girder bridge after a ship-bridge collision. The pile-soil dynamic interaction and the initial stress and deformation of the whole bridge before the collision were considered. By analyzing the damage, deformation, stress distribution and collapse process of the whole bridge, the results show that the displacement response of the cap beam lags behind the pile cap. The response order of the whole bridge's components depends on their distances from the collision region. The plastic deformation of soil around piles has a positive effect on delaying the further increase in the displacement of piles. The impacted pier's losing stability and its superstructure's excessive deformation are the main reasons leading to the progressive collapse of the continuous girder bridge.

Dynamic finite element model updating of prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge

The dynamic finite element model （FEM） of a prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge, called the Tongyang Canal Bridge, is built and updated based on the results of ambient vibration testing （AVT） using a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm （RAGA）. The objective functions are defined based on natural frequency and modal assurance criterion （MAC） metrics to evaluate the updated FEM. Two objective functions are defined to fully account for the relative errors and standard deviations of the natural frequencies and MAC between the AVT results and the updated FEM predictions. The dynamically updated FEM of the bridge can better represent its structural dynamics and serve as a baseline in long-term health monitoring, condition assessment and damage identification over the service life of the bridge .

Overview of Design and Construction Points Analysis for the Rotating Continuous Girder Bridge

With the advancement of the economy,the construction of roads and bridges has assumed a crucial role in the development of China’s highway transportation system.The interplay between the design and construction technologies of road bridges is pivotal,as it directly impacts the subsequent operation and maintenance phases.Although the design and construction techniques for continuous girder transitions have been progressively improving,challenges still persist.This paper takes the example of the continuous girder design for the T-structure(75 m+75 m)of the Xintai Highway Crossing Yanzhou-Shijiusuo Railway Separation Interchange Project and delves into an analysis of the structural design calculations for the bridge transition,the transition structure’s design,and critical considerations during construction.The findings presented here can serve as a valuable reference for similar project designs.

Development and investigation of electroslag continuous casting

The principle and technological design of electroslag continuous casting （ESCC）, including bifilar mode, T-shaped mould, and metal level detecting system, are detailed. Remelting was carded out for 1Crl8Ni9Ti stainless steel with ESCC. The surface finish, chemical composition, macroand microstructures, and inclusions of the remelted billets were characterized. ESCC reduces the cost and increases the productivity in comparison to traditional ESR, while achieves comparably excellent products.

Temporary Bearing Method in Construction of Continuous Beam Bridge Erected as Simply-Supported Beam

The present practice in Bangladesh for erection of girders is placing the girder directly on the bearing pad and joining the adjacent two spans in deck slab level by adopting expansion joints, as the bridges are presently designed as simply-supported beam bridge. The main disadvantage of this type of bridges is that, the seismic resistance is weak, and under the external force beyond the design range, the bridges are more likely to fall in danger because of failure in girders. Also they have expansion joints for each span, which affects the comfort of driving and the overall integrity of the bridge deck is poor [1]. Therefore, design and construction of the bridges have been revised to establish continuity between girders of two adjacent spans and transform the bridge as simply supported continuous beam bridge [2]. Temporary bearing (sandbox) method is proposed in this paper to solve the system transformation of continuous beam bridges. Design of the temporary bearing is very simple and can be manufactured at site. This method has been proved in construction of Arial Kha Bridge and can be applied for other similar bridges in Bangladesh.

矮塔斜拉体系加固既有连续梁桥受力性能研究

随着服役年限的增长,大跨径预应力混凝土连续梁桥会出现腹板开裂和跨中下挠等问题。针对既有大跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥的损伤问题,以一座三跨连续梁桥为研究对象,分析其应用矮塔斜拉体系加固前后的受力状态。通过有限元模拟对比加固前后桥梁的应力分布及挠度变化,探讨加固方案的整体加固效果以及塔梁锚固区和索塔锚固区的局部受力状态。结果显示,应用矮塔斜拉体系加固方案后跨中下挠由72.61 mm改善为22.25 mm,主梁由部分截面受拉变为全截面受压。加固后横隔板、箱梁顶板等锚固区域整体应力分布合理,极小范围存在应力集中现象、可采用加强措施。验证了矮塔斜拉体系加固方法的可行性。

Construction Monitoring and Analysis of Asymmetric Prestressed Concrete Bridge Crossing Multiple-Line Railways

Complex bridge structures designed and constructed by humans often necessitate extensive on-site execution,which carries inherent risks.Consequently,a variety of engineering practices are employed to monitor bridge construction.This paper presents a case study of a large-span prestressed concrete(PC)variable-section continuous girder bridge in China,proposing a feedback system for construction monitoring and establishing a finite element(FE)analysis model for the entire bridge.The alignment of the completed bridge adheres to the initial design expectations,with maximum displacement and pre-arch differences from the ideal state measuring 6.39 and 17.7 mm,respectively,which were less than the 20 mm limit required by the specification.Additionally,the stress monitoring showed that the maximum compressive stress was 10.44 MPa,which was 7.5%different from the finite element results,and better predicted the most unfavorable possible location.These results demonstrate that a scientifically rigorous construction monitoring and feedback system can ensure the safety of bridge construction and meet the expected construction standards.The findings presented in this paper provide valuable insights for bridge construction monitoring practices.

梁拱组合桥施工阶段主梁下挠病害修复

某梁拱组合桥采用“先梁后拱”方式建造,施工阶段未张拉吊杆力就拆除梁下支架,导致主梁严重下挠,同时引发梁体开裂、拱梁脱空等病害。针对该桥病害,制定“先梁体顶升复位、后缺陷处治”修复方案。因主梁下挠前线形数据缺失,采用数值模拟结合现场顶升试验,提出顶升高度、顶升力2个控制指标指导主梁顶升复位。顶升高度采用计算的下挠值;顶升力采用“主梁一次落架支反力”。现场共进行20次顶升,顶升过程中顶升高度测试值与计算值的偏差随顶升力的增大而增大,顶升完成时两者偏差达20%,主要因为顶升使梁体裂缝逐渐闭合,刚度逐渐恢复;最终顶升力测试值为19260 kN,与计算值偏差仅2.3%,说明以“主梁一次落架支反力”作为顶升控制目标更符合实际。成桥荷载试验结果显示,修复后的桥梁承载能力满足设计要求,服役状态正常。

预应力混凝土连续箱梁单梁模型与梁格模型有限元对比分析与研究

以某预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁为研究对象,采用MIDAS Civil对其分别进行单梁模型和梁格模型的内力计算,通过两种模型的计算结果与静载试验实测结果的对比分析,探究基于两种模型计算变截面连续箱梁受力状态和结构变形的可靠性和合理性。研究结果表明:在恒载和设计荷载作用下,对于预应力混凝土连续箱梁,在采用单梁模型和梁格模型进行计算分析时,两种模型的计算结果基本相同;在偏载作用下,通过静载试验计算结果分析,梁格模型内力计算结果比单梁模型内力计算结果均偏小,并且两种模型误差超过了5%,对结果影响评价的准确度不容忽略;梁格模型能够准确地计算连续箱梁在横桥向的应力分布、应力大小和结构变形,相较于单梁模型,梁格模型更能反映结构的空间受力特性,表明采用梁格法计算分析变截面连续箱梁桥更符合工程要求。

Research on Construction Process of Steel Box Girder Bridge and Its Stress Analysis

The paper introduce the construction method of large segment hosting and its difficulty, and drawing up corresponding liner and stress monitoring plan. The paper gives the calculation method of shear area for such a big cantilever thin-walled steel box girder section, namely the shear coefficient computation theory of Professor Hu Haichang, and the use of this shear area perfect beam element model, structure model and the experiment prove that the shell model is more consistent, given a certain reference for similar section project.

寒区环境温度对板式橡胶支座连续梁桥地震易损性影响研究

针对现行规范对寒区桥梁减隔震设计中仅考虑橡胶支座力学特性受环境温度作用影响,而忽略桥墩混凝土材料特性受温度影响的不足,以高寒地区一座两联3×30 m混凝土连续梁桥为背景,开展不同环境温度下桥墩混凝土材料抗压性能试验,确定温度对其力学参数的影响,基于试验结果对不同环境温度下的桥墩混凝土力学参数进行修正,从而建立不同环境温度下的全桥精细化非线性有限元模型,并基于增量动力分析(IDA)法探究不同环境温度下该桥的地震易损性。结果表明:极端温度引起桥墩混凝土材料参数和支座刚度的改变,使得该桥自振频率随着温度的升高而降低;地震作用下,极端低温时桥墩墩顶位移较常温增大了26.8%,而极端高温时支座位移增大了19.4%;根据现行规范计算的极端低温时支座和桥梁系统的损伤概率偏小,极端高温时结构和构件的损伤概率偏大,在设计中应予以重视;极端低温下桥墩、支座及桥梁系统的损伤概率,较常温分别增大45.0%、35.2%和27.5%,对于高寒地区该类桥梁设计时需考虑低温对其抗震性能的影响。

基于负刚度装置的超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制研究

为完善超长联大跨连续梁桥的减、隔震技术,将负刚度装置引入到超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥中组成新型减、隔震系统,并与黏滞阻尼器-摩擦摆支座组合减震系统进行比较。基于CSiBridge软件建立全桥有限元模型,负刚度装置采用弹性多段线模拟,摩擦摆支座采用双线性恢复力模型,黏滞阻尼器采用Maxwell模型,输入3条地震波进行非线性时程分析,考查两种新型减、隔震系统下桥梁结构的地震反应,探究负刚度系统及黏滞阻尼器系统对超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应的控制效果。研究结果表明:负刚度装置与黏滞阻尼器均可以有效地减小超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥的支座位移。负刚度装置对桥墩内力反应及梁体加速度反应的控制优于黏滞阻尼器。负刚度装置在超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制中有较好的应用前景。

基于等效刚度阻尼系统的中低速磁浮列车与大跨度桥梁耦合振动响应分析

针对中低速磁浮列车与大跨度连续梁桥的耦合动力响应问题,本文基于等效刚度阻尼系统建立多编组磁浮列车模型;基于国内在建磁浮专线连续梁桥(35m+55m+35m),采用ANSYS中实体单元建立全桥模型.并将两个独立系统在SIMPACK进行车桥耦合,设定车重参数分别为空载、定员和超载,且列车按单线和双线工况运行,计算耦合系统的动力响应.结果表明,本文建立的列车模型受到轨道激励时,磁浮间隙在额定范围内浮动,即等效刚度阻尼系统有良好的控制效果;车辆磁浮间隙的变化量、车体竖向加速度与车重成反比,而磁浮力与车重成正比;在计算工况下,桥梁主跨及边跨的竖向位移均满足设计要求的限值,双线列车超载运行桥梁跨中最大位移仅为4.503mm.说明连续梁桥具有较大的刚度,能满足磁浮车辆安全运行的要求;对比列车单双线运行,主跨跨中的竖向位移最大值后者达到前者两倍,而边跨位移的最大值后者仅比前者增大70%,表明双线列车对开运行对桥梁的动力响应存在增大效应.相关研究成果对磁浮线路建设有一定参考意义.

南流江预应力连续梁式渡槽抗震性能

预应力连续梁式渡槽具有整体受力条件好、施工工艺成熟且方便的优势,在实际工程中运用广泛,其具有良好的抗震性能是保证工程安全运行的关键。以采用预应力连续梁式渡槽形式的南流江大渡槽为例,通过Midas-civil分析软件建立有限元模型并施加拟合生成的地震波,对渡槽的抗震性能进行研究。结果表明,在拟合生成的地震波与场地类别、分区特征周期相近的人工地震波E1、E2作用下,南流江大渡槽的顺桥向及横桥向的桥墩强度验算和变形均满足要求,具有安全可靠的抗震性能。

主余震序列作用下基于时间维度的连续梁桥易损性分析

为研究连续梁桥在主余震序列作用下基于时间维度的易损性情况,以一座三跨连续梁桥为研究对象,基于OpenSees有限元软件进行非线性动力分析。选取符合区域场地类型的地震动,通过改进的大森定律和区域主余震统计关系,构建基于时间的主余震序列。以改进的Park-Ang损伤指数作为结构的损伤指标,运用直接回归概率线性拟合的方法建立主震后短期内各时间节点桥墩在不同损伤状态下的地震易损性曲线,研究区域时间范围内主余震序列对连续梁桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明:(1)余震会给桥梁结构带来明显的增量损伤;(2)各种损伤状态的超越概率随着PGA的增大和时间的推移而不断增大,且主震造成的损伤状态等级越高,其超越概率越低,余震作用时超越概率增大越明显。超越概率在震后第1日增幅最大,随着时间的推移逐渐减小,第10日趋于平稳,因此在分析地震给桥梁带来的损伤时,要充分考虑主余震序列的时间效应。

基于比拟杆法的变截面连续箱梁剪力滞效应分析

针对现有的剪力滞效应分析方法难以适用于变截面连续箱梁的问题,本文基于比拟杆法提出了一种变截面混凝土连续箱梁剪力滞效应分析方法。首先,利用比拟杆法建立了变截面连续箱梁剪力滞效应的控制微分方程;其次,利用有限元分析结果和试验实测结果对本文理论的正确性和适用性进行了验证,并分析了不同单元类型对剪力滞效应分析的影响;最后,对3跨混凝土连续箱梁悬臂施工过程中的剪力滞效应进行了分析。研究表明,3跨变截面连续梁上翼缘板的剪力滞效应中支座处最明显,中跨跨中处剪力滞效应次之,中支座和中跨跨中之间区域的剪力滞效应可忽略不计。在3跨连续梁的整个悬臂施工过程中,0号块上下翼缘板的剪力滞效应逐渐减小;成桥后,0号块上下翼缘板的剪力滞效应增大。在3跨连续梁的整个悬臂施工过程中,1号块上下翼缘板的正剪力滞效应逐渐减小;1号块上下翼缘板的剪力滞效应减小。研究结论可为变截面连续梁的剪力滞效应分析计算提供参考依据。

高烈度区长联PC连续梁桥减隔震措施分析

为了明确高烈度区长联预应力混凝土(prestressed concrete,PC)连续梁桥滑动摩擦摆式支座的减隔震性能,针对设防烈度为9度的某长联PC连续梁桥,利用CSiBridge软件建立大桥空间梁单元非线性分析模型,以普通球型钢支座地震响应为基准,对比分析铅芯橡胶支座与滑动摩擦摆式支座的减隔震性能,并对滑动摩擦摆式支座的摩擦系数和支座曲率进行参数分析。结果表明:在长联连续梁桥中,相比于铅芯橡胶支座,滑动摩擦摆式支座减隔震效果更好,固定墩内力与变形更小,全桥受力更加均匀合理;对于滑动摩擦摆式支座,摩擦系数越大,长联连续梁固定墩墩底弯矩与墩顶位移越大,摩擦系数变化20%,固定墩墩底弯矩最大值变化约1.67%,墩顶位移极值变化约1.45%;支座曲率半径对长联连续梁地震响应的减隔震性能影响较小,曲率半径增大1.5 m,固定墩墩底弯矩最大值增大约0.97%,固定墩墩顶位移增幅约为0.37%~1.39%。

某单箱三室连续梁桥静载试验研究

为测试某单箱三室连续梁桥整体受力特点,检验桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形是否满足在正常使用状态下的设计要求,通过Midas/Civil对该桥进行有限元分析,并进行了静载试验研究,测试在静载试验下,各控制截面的应变状态和整体挠度,试验结果表明,各控制截面应变与挠度值实测结果与理论结果基本一致,且与之对应的校验系数在规定范围内,该桥强度和刚度均满足设计要求,桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形在正常使用状态下均符合设计要求;在加载试验前后,对测试截面附近进行了裂缝观测,没有发现新增裂缝,试验桥跨结构承载力满足设计荷载标准要求。