Preparation and Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Silicon Carbide Thermally Conductive Asphalt Concrete

An experimental investigation into the thermal conductivity of CF-SiC two-phase composite asphalt concrete is presented.The main objective of this study was to verify the possibility of using SiC powder instead of mineral powder as the thermal conductive filler to prepare a new type of asphalt concrete and improve the efficiency of electrothermal snow and ice melting systems accordingly.The thermal conductivity of asphalt concrete prepared with different thermally conductive fillers was tested by a transient plane source method,and the related performances were measured.Then the temperature rise rate and surface temperature were studied through field heating tests.Finally,the actual ice melting efficiency of the thermally conductive asphalt concrete was evaluated using an effective electrothermal system.As shown by the experimental results,the composite made of SiC powder and carbon fiber has a high thermal conductivity.When SiC replaces mineral powder,the thermal conductivity of the asphalt mixture increases first and then decreases with the increase of carbon fiber content.In the present study,in particular,the thermal conductivity attained a peak when the carbon fiber content was 0.2%of the aggregate mass.

Preparation and properties of continuous Al-containing silicon carbide fibers

Continuous SiC(OAl) fibers, named KD-A fibers, were prepared by the melt-spinning of ceramic precursor polyaluminocarbosilane, air-curing, and pyrolizing at 1 300 ℃. These fibers contained small amount of aluminum and 7%- 9% oxygen. The KD-A fibers were converted into sintered SiC(Al) fibers, named KD-SA, by sintering at 1 800 ℃. The fibers were characterized by chemical analysis, tensile strength test, SEM and XRD. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and diameter of the KD-A fibers are 2.6 GPa, 210 GPa, 12 - 14 μm, respectively. The KD-A fibers have higher thermal stability, more excellent oxidation resistance than the Nicalon fibers. The properties of the KD-A fibers have reached the level of Hi-Nicalon fibers. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and diameter of the KD-A fibers are 2.1 GPa, 405 GPa, 10 - 12 μm, respectively. The KD-SA fibers with nearly stoichiometric component have stable performance at high temperature, and better creep resistance than the Tyranno SA fibers.

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers（Csf/SSi C） in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSi C matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSi C because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B4C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.

Prefabrication of SiC whiskers through induction of carbon fiber

A new way to prepare SiC whiskers through the induction of carbon fiber was suggested. With the processing steps of opening furnace firstly and then shutting it, rice hall, as the only raw material, was carbonified to get excess quantity of Si in rice hull. After a certain catalyzer was added, SiC whiskers were prepared by means of the induction of carbon fiber. The component and morphology of the whisker were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM. The results reveal that the diameters of the whiskers range in 0.5-2μm and their lengths in 100-500μm. The whiskers are straightβ-SiC crystals with smooth surface. The whisker is homogeneous and its productivity is 100%. Two kinds of formation mechanisms, both VLS mechanism and vapor formation mechanism, are involved during the growth of the whiskers. But the vapor formation mechanism relatively plays a key role.

Effect of composition and structure on specific resistivity of SiC fibers

Four kinds of SiC fibers with different specific resistivities were prepared by the pyrolysis of cured polycarbosilane fiber. The results show that SiC fibers with different specific resistivities can be obtained by changing the curing and pyrolysis conditions. And the free carbon content and the ability to crystallize no longer affect the specific resistivities notably with the time when the fiber is covered with an excess carbon layer, and the fiber has a low specific resistivity. The excess carbon layer in the circular outer part is originated from the re-pyrolysis and deposition of hydrocarbon volatiles. The removal of the carbon by oxidative treatment may affect the surface property and also promote the magnitude of specific resistivity. The influence of the surface property on the specific resistivity can be considerable and should not be neglected.

纤维增强塑料在体育运动器材中的应用

体育运动器材设计制备融合了材料学、机械设计学、力学原理等多门学科知识,其中材料是体育运动器材的主要影响元素。纤维材料拥有绝缘性好、耐高温、质轻、高强度、高弹等优点。本文介绍了玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、高强高模合成纤维、碳化硅纤维五种不同类型纤维增强塑料,并对这五种纤维在体育运动器材中的应用研究进行了综述。

碳纤维格栅网-UHPC 增强RC 连续梁 负弯矩区裂缝性能研究

为研究碳纤维格栅网-UHPC(Ultra-High Performance Concrete)增强RC(Reinforced Concrete)连续梁负弯矩处的抗裂性能,设计7根配置不同的UHPC及碳纤维格栅网的试验梁,进行五点弯曲加载试验,分析碳纤维格栅网和UHPC的掺入、碳纤维格栅的网格尺寸、格栅的层数以及UHPC的铺设厚度等参数对负弯矩区开裂荷载和裂缝性能的影响,提出了适合碳纤维格栅网-UHPC增强的钢筋混凝土梁平均裂缝间距、裂缝宽度计算公式。试验结果表明:对照组试验梁的裂缝呈细且密的特点,有别于普通RC梁的裂缝少,宽度大;与普通RC梁相比,单独设置碳纤维格栅网、UHPC增强的试验梁负弯矩区段的开裂荷载分别提升了28.6%、85.7%,同时设置碳纤维格栅网和UHPC增强的4个试验梁分别提升了114.3%、128.6%、142.9%、171.4%;碳纤维格栅网格尺寸的减小、碳纤维格栅层数的增加、UHPC铺设厚度的增加均可以提高抗裂性能,并且使裂缝数量显著增加,裂缝间距和裂缝宽度明显减小。本文基于现有的国内外规范提出的适合碳纤维格栅网-UHPC联合加固的钢筋混凝土梁的平均裂缝间距、裂缝宽度计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了计算公式的准确性。

直写式3D打印碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷性能优化

在陶瓷制备过程中,烧结工艺至关重要,不仅影响陶瓷的显微组织结构,而且决定着陶瓷的力学性能。因此,为提升碳化硅/碳纤维陶瓷样品的性能,优化烧结工艺。采用直写式3D打印的方式,以碳纤维/碳化硅为打印材料,通过三同轴喷嘴挤出打印,以4种不同的烧结工艺烧结打印的碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷样品,分析不同烧结工艺对碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷样品,组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经烧结工艺3,即浸渍液聚碳硅烷与二甲苯的比例为2∶3、以10℃·min^(-1)的升温速率达到烧结温度,烧结后的碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷样品的组织和性能最好,其致密度可达到95.5%,抗弯强度可达到156 MPa。

不同加固方式对RC框架抗连续倒塌性能的影响研究

为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌能力的影响,建立钢筋混凝土框架有限元模型进行对比分析。用五种不同加固方式分别加固,并模拟结构中柱遭遇偶然荷载后失效情况,对其进行非线性静力分析。ABAQUS模拟结果表明:加腋梁有利于节点区塑性铰的转移,使得框架在梁机制阶段的承载能力明显提升;粘贴碳纤维加固法、粘贴玻璃纤维加固法和增大梁截面加固法在悬索阶段对承载能力有所提升;增大柱截面加固法对抗连续倒塌能力提升很小。考虑材料成本及实际施工情况,各加固方式综合效益由高到低依次为:加腋梁加固法、粘贴玻璃纤维布加固法、粘贴碳纤维布加固法、增大梁截面法加固法、增大柱截面法加固法。

不同抛光参数对碳化硅-碳纤维复合材料抛光表面粗糙度影响分析

为了研究在磁流变胶抛光中,抛光参数对碳化硅-碳纤维复合材料表面加工质量的影响规律,采用磁流变胶抛光方法,对材料表面进行抛光。研究磁极分布方式、加工间隙和磁极转速对材料表面形貌和表面粗糙度的影响规律。结果表明,磁极分布方式影响待加工表面的磁场分布强度,进而影响表面加工质量。随着加工间隙增大,表面粗糙度下降量先增大后减小,在加工间隙为2 mm处得到最优表面质量。随着磁极转速增大,表面粗糙度下降量先增大后减小,在磁极转速达到800 r/min时得到最优表面质量。

纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料高导热性能研究进展

作为一种先进的高温结构及功能材料,高效传热和高温耐热相结合对纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(silicon carbide matrix composites,SiC CMC)在热管理领域(thermal management,TM)中的应用至关重要。常见的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料,如碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(C_(f)/SiC或C_(f)/C-SiC)、碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_(f)/SiC)等,增强纤维的石墨化程度较低,难以形成有效的热输运网络。本文综述了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料制备及高导热性能等方面的最新研究进展。可通过引入高导热相、优化界面结构、粗粒化碳化硅晶体、设计预制体结构等方式提高纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的热输运能力。此外,展望了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料发展趋势,即综合考虑影响高导热碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料性能要素,灵活运用复合材料结构与性能的构效关系,以期制备尺寸稳定、性能优异的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料。

Thermal conductivity and bending strength of SiC composites reinforced by pitch-based carbon fibers

In this work,pitch-based carbon fibers were utilized to reinforce silicon carbide(SiC)composites via reaction melting infiltration(RMI)method by controlling the reaction temperature and resin carbon content.Thermal conductivities and bending strengths of composites obtained under different preparation conditions were characterized by various analytical methods.Results showed the formation of SiC whiskers(SiC_(w))during RMI process according to vapor–solid(VS)mechanism.SiC_(w) played an important role in toughening the C_(pf)/SiC composites due to crack bridging,crack deflection,and SiC_(w) pull-out.Increase in reaction temperature during RMI process led to an initial increase in thermal conductivity along in-plane and thickness directions of composites,followed by a decline.At reaction temperature of 1600℃,thermal conductivities along the in-plane and thickness directions were estimated to be 203.00 and 39.59 W/(m×K),respectively.Under these conditions,bending strength was recorded as 186.15±3.95 MPa.Increase in resin carbon content before RMI process led to the generation of more SiC matrix.Thermal conductivities along in-plane and thickness directions remained stable with desirable values of 175.79 and 38.86 W/(m×K),respectively.By comparison,optimal bending strength improved to 244.62±3.07 MPa.In sum,these findings look promising for future application of pitch-based carbon fibers for reinforcement of SiC ceramic composites.

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料研究与应用现状

碳纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料具有低密度、高强度、耐高温、耐磨等综合性能,已成为重要的热结构材料体系之一,目前已成功应用于航空发动机热结构部件、飞行器热防护系统、制动系统以及核结构部件等。本文主要综述了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在制备方法和应用领域的研究进展,介绍了一系列具有代表性的C/SiC复合材料的制备方法,重点关注多种制备方法相结合的混合工艺,概述了C/SiC复合材料在航空航天热结构和热防护、刹车材料、空间相机结构等领域的应用,展望了更优异的混合制备工艺以及针对不同应用要求的复合材料新体系,以便为今后C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的进一步研究提供参考。

超高温碳化物和硼化物陶瓷及碳纤维增强超高温陶瓷的研究进展

随着现代军事发展对空天飞行器和高超声速飞行器的迫切需求,急需发展抗热冲击性能和力学性能等良好的超高温陶瓷材料。然而,超高温陶瓷材料存在易脆、抗热冲击性能差等问题。针对于此,近年来通过将碳纤维引入到超高温陶瓷基体中,极大地提升了超高温陶瓷本身的断裂韧性和抗热冲击性能。本文首先介绍了超高温碳化物和硼化物陶瓷的性能,并讨论了引入第二相对其抗氧化性能和力学性能等的增强效果;其次介绍了碳纤维对超高温陶瓷材料的增强机制,并且在碳纤维引入后对超高温陶瓷的抗热冲击性能、抗氧化烧蚀性能、力学性能等方面的增强进行了细致讨论;最后,对未来碳纤维增强超高温陶瓷基复合材料的发展方向进行了展望。

复合材料汽车前地板后本体轻量化设计

对某新能源车型前地板后本体件进行轻量化设计,选用密度小、原材料成本低、成型效率高的短切玻纤热塑性复合材料(SGFRTP)替代原铝合金材料;结合性能要求、成型工艺和装配要求对前地板后本体件进行结构设计,通过加强筋合理布局提高结构件整体刚性;采用连续碳纤片材(CFRP)对主要承载区域进行补强设计,并结合连续纤维补强片成型特点对结构件局部结构进行二次优化。使用UG软件建模,导入HyperWorks中对前地板后本体典型工况进行分析。结果表明,以SGFRTP为基材辅以CFRP局部补强的复合材料前地板后本体结构设计满足性能和工艺要求,应力安全系数高于原铝合金地板,脚踩区与翻边过渡处的应力集中得到改善,同时减重10.37%,具有工程应用价值。

碳化硅/碳纤维复合材料烧结工艺优化研究

以碳化硅/碳纤维复合材料为对象,针对直写打印堆叠而成的陶瓷复合材料进行烧结工艺的优化研究。在真空条件下,将聚碳硅烷浸渍工艺与分步烧结热解相结合,研究不同烧结温度、保温时间对陶瓷复合材料的致密化过程、力学性能以及微结构的影响。实验结果表明:烧结温度过高和保温时间过长会导致α-SiC向β-SiC转变,使得碳纤维完全氧化,材料强度大幅下降;通过分步烧结工艺,复合材料试样能够完成固化交联、前驱体裂解以及陶瓷颗粒结晶成形等过程,材料强度好,缺陷少,拉伸强度约为22.4 MPa。

PEEK/CCF复材增材制造多重分形谱表面形貌评定方法

随着航空事业的发展,增材制造(AM)被用于连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK/CCF)复材的成型制造中,其中AM工艺参数对PEEK/CCF复材加工形貌有较大影响。基于此提出了一种基于多重分形谱表面形貌评定方法,通过PEEK/CCF复合材料在AM中的成型速度(v)、成型厚度(s)、成型角度(θ)与加工表面粗糙度和表面形貌之间的关系设计了单因素试验,研究了PEEK/CCF复合材料在AM中的v,s,θ与表面形貌之间的关系,结合成型材料表面多重分形谱的方式,评定AM中所选工艺参数对表面形貌的影响,得到了加工表面粗糙度和表面形貌随v,s,θ的变化特点。结果表明,v,s对材料表面形貌有明显影响,θ对表面形貌影响较小,通过试验验证了PEEK/CCF复合材料表面形貌有较好的分形特征,多重分形谱谱差ΔD(α)表征表面波峰波谷的占比,其值越大,材料表面形貌越复杂,分形谱的宽度Δα表征表面起伏程度,定性表征了形貌特征,最终工艺参数组合为v=20 mm/s,s=0.2 mm,θ=30°。

C／SiC复合材料表面化学气相沉积涂覆SiC涂层及其抗氧化性能

采用化学气相沉积法,在1100℃,在碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,研究了涂层连续沉积和分4次沉积(每次沉积时间为6h)所制备的SiC涂层的微观结构和涂层样品的氧化性能。结果表明:两种SiC涂层的厚度均约为40μm,且4次沉积制备的SiC涂层为一个连续的整体。涂层连续沉积时,表面只出现裸露裂纹;分4次沉积制备时,表面出现大量边缘有SiC生长锥的附着裂纹,附着裂纹在高温氧化时易发生自愈合。与连续涂层样品相比,4次涂层能显著提高C/SiC样品的抗氧化性能。4次涂层样品经1400℃,50h氧化后,质量损失为0.88%,质量损失速率稳定在6.30×10–5g/(cm2·h),且4次涂层样品具有优异的抗热震性能。

先驱体转化法连续SiC纤维国内外研究与开发现状

比较了连续ＳｉＣ纤维的四种主要制备方法，着重介绍了先驱体转化法制备工艺，并就先驱体转化法生产连续ＳｉＣ纤维国内外研究历程、开发现状、发展前景及对策作了初步的分析与探讨．

2维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸损伤演变过程和微观结构特征

通过单向拉伸和分段式加载-卸载实验,研究了二维编织C/SiC复合材料的宏观力学特性和损伤的变化过程。用扫描电镜对样品进行微观结构分析,并监测了载荷作用下复合材料的声发射行为。结果表明:在拉伸应力低于50MPa时,复合材料的应力-应变为线弹性;随着应力的增加,材料模量减小,非弹性应变变大,复合材料的应力-应变行为表现为非线性直至断裂。复合材料的平均断裂强度和断裂应变分别为234.26MPa和0.6%。拉伸破坏损伤表现为:基体开裂,横向纤维束开裂,界面层脱粘,纤维断裂,层间剥离和纤维束断裂。损伤累积后最终导致复合材料交叉编织节点处纤维束逐层断裂和拔出,形成斜口断裂和平口断裂。