Research on the trajectory of non-metal inclusions with the flow in the mold during the solidification of continuous casting slabs

By means of the numerical simulation method,the mathematical model of inclusions movement in the mold is established under the condition of austenitic and fen-itic stainless steel slab production. According to the simulation results, the main zones for inclusion particles accumulation were found and many factors that affected floating-up probability of inclusion particles were identified. These factors include the inclusion particle size, the casting speed and the slab width, etc. It is believed that the inclusion particle size is the key one among these factors.

Prediction of spatial distribution of the composition of inclusions on the entire cross section of a linepipe steel continuous casting slab

In the current study, the transformation in the composition of non-metallic inclusions from the molten steel to the solidified steel was studied and the composition distribution of inclusions on the cross section of a linepine continuous casting slab was predicted. During cooling and solidification of the continuous casting strand, Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO inclusions reacted with the bulk steel and transformed to CaS-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-(CaO) ones in the continuous casting slab. The composition of inclusions on the cross section of the slab varied with locations due to the varied cooling rate. A model was established to predict the distribution of the composition of inclusions on the cross section of the continuous casting slab, coupling solidification and heat transfer of the continuous casting slab, the kinetic mass transfer of the dissolved elements in the solid steel, and thermodynamic calculation of inclusion transformation at different temperatures. The composition transformation of inclusions mainly occurred at the temperature between the liquidus and solidus of the linepipe steel. Inclusions were mainly CaS-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-(CaO) in slab center and were MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS within the subsurface of the slab. In the slab, the transformation fraction of inclusions was less than 10 % at corners while it reached 70 % at 50 mm below the surface of the slab.

Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Field and Flow Pattern in a Continuous Slab Caster with In-roll Type Strand Electromagnetic Stirring

The electromagnetic field and flow analysis model were developed to simulate the electromagnetic field and the flow pattern in a vertical curved continuous slab caster with the in-roll type strand electromagnetic stirring. The transient electromagnetic field distribution and the induced electromagnetic force were numerically described. The effects of stirring current, stirring frequency, and different stirrer configurations on the electromagnetically driven flow field in the strand were investigated and the optimization of the stirring parameters was discussed by performing a relative comparison of numerical results. Results show that the in-roller type strand electromagnetic stirrer （S- EMS） pair generates the fluctuating magnetic fields, penetrating through the cast slab and periodically parallel shift- ing along the slab wide face w!th time evolution. The transient induced electromagnetic forces travels toward the magnetic flux shifting direction, Different stirring parameters （i. e. current and frequency） and stirrer configurations affect the stirring strength and the flow rbcirculation pattern in the strand, which are closely related to metallurgical performances of the stirrers. There is an optimum frequency to obtain the maximum stirring. The present model pro vides a relatively theoretical insight into the in-roll type strand electromagnetic stirring system for best operating.

Effects of electromagnetic stirring on surface purity of IF steel slabs

In order to analyze the effect of electromagnetic stirring on the slab＇ s surface purity, the continuously cast slab surface inclusions and subsurface blisters have been investigated. The results indicate that the mold electromagnetic stirrer （M -EMS） is useful for the improvement of IF steel slabs＇ surface quality. The continuously cast slab surface inclusions and subsurface blisters have been significantly reduced. The distribution of bubbles in the slab is non-homogeneous in terms of both width and depth. The continuously cast slab surface inclusions tend to miniaturization through M-EMS and most of the inclusions are less than 10 μm in size.

高建钢Q420GJZ35大型夹杂物行为

对河钢集团唐山中厚板材有限公司生产的高建钢Q420GJZ35大型夹杂物的种类、数量、尺寸等进行了试验研究,并在钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂、中间包打结料中分别加入Ba、La、Ce示踪元素追踪夹杂物来源。研究结果显示:稳态坯中大型夹杂物总体含量为16.8 mg/10kg;非稳态铸坯中含量最高36.2 mg/10 kg,根据示踪检测结果,部分夹杂黏附有钢包渣、结晶器保护渣和保护渣,其中结晶器卷渣是夹杂物的一个重要来源。通过优化改进浸入式水口,将水口由单侧口改为双侧口,侧孔长度由105 mm改为100 mm,水口出口为带圆角的方孔,并进行数值模拟分析。结果显示,改进型水口计算结晶器流场分布合理,表面波动较小,符合设计要求,有利于表面钢液的合金化和杂质的上浮。

1000~2200 mm宽板坯连铸机结晶器流场优化与应用

为改善某厂超低碳钢连铸过程中出现偏流、跳棒及水口堵现象,通过对中间包透气上水口、塞棒和浸入式水口等连铸功能耐材进行改进,将透气上水口改用特殊的弥散式透气材质,吹入的氩气气泡沿水口内壁形成均匀的气幕,表面气孔率较改进前提高5.2%,防止了夹杂物在水口内壁蓄积,缓解水口堵;将塞棒棒头由中心部位的吹氩孔由1个改为6个,实现360°均匀吹入氩气,减少棒头夹杂物蓄积;将浸入式水口改用无碳,低铝,高硅内衬,改变水口内壁材质,防止浸入式水口堵塞。改进后耐材在超低碳钢上推广应用,使得每浇次跳棒次数减少0.83次、降幅31.8%,水口堵造成的在线更换浸入水口频次减少了0.38支、降幅41.3%,稳定结晶器液面控制精度,提升冷轧卷夹杂合格率0.238%,并提高了单中间包连浇炉数0.53炉、增幅8%,使1000~2200 mm宽板坯连铸机结晶器流场得以优化。

薄板坯连铸机保护浇注新技术的开发与应用

针对目前薄板坯连铸机保护浇注在生产遇到的瓶颈问题,对钢包的钢水通道实现气幕阻隔,并对中间包包盖进行了改造,同时通过中间包机构弹簧压力调整进一步提升板间密封效果,使钢水在浇注过程中完全与空气隔绝,C、D类夹杂物零级比例达到90%,夹杂物总量控制在0.5级以下,保护浇注新技术实施效果明显。

Numerical simulation of EMS position on flow, solidification and inclusion capture in slab continuous casting

Electromagnetic stirring(EMS)is a well-known and widely used technology for controlling the fluid flow in continuous casting mold,and therein the selection of stirrer position is closely related to final product.To investigate the effect of stirrer position on initial solidification and inclusion capturing,a mathematical model coupling with electromagnetic field,turbulence flow,solidification,and inclusion movement was constructed.Through comparing the magnetic flux density,flow field and solidified shell thickness with measured data,the reliability of the mathematical model was proved.The uniform index has been introduced to judge the uniformity of solidified shell,and the washing effects of EMS on the numbers and distribution of captured inclusions were discussed.The results show that a diagonal jet flow toward the mold wide face has generated when EMS is applied,and upper EMS position can effectively improve the uniformity of temperature and the solidified shell within the mold.Meanwhile,due to the washing effect of EMS,the number of inclusions inside the solidified shell decreases,and the distribution of captured inclusions along the mold width changes evenly.Decreasing the stirrer position,the uniform index decreases firstly and then increases,and the probability of inclusion capture by solidified shell increases.Thus,the upper stirrer position is suggested,with which the uniformity of solidified shell and cleanliness of slab are rational.

转炉—RH—连铸工艺生产高压气瓶用钢洁净度的研究

对转炉— RH精炼—连铸工艺生产高压气瓶用钢 T[O]变化及非金属夹杂物进行研究的结果表明 ,在转炉出钢过程由于炉渣与脱氧产物作用生成的粗大球状夹杂物及铝脱氧生成的大尺寸 Al2 O3簇群状夹杂物绝大多数可由钢液排除 ,铸坯中存在的夹杂物主要是较小的块状和簇群状 Al2 O3及少量由于结晶器保护渣卷入造成的球状夹杂物。 RH精炼后钢液 T[O]在 (2 8～ 34 )× 10 - 6 之间 ,中间包钢水 T[O]在 (2 4～ 2 6 )× 10 - 6之间 ,铸坯 T[O]在 (12～ 19)× 10 - 6 之间 ,该工艺生产的气瓶用钢具有很高的洁净度。

连铸结晶器电磁制动对铸坯中非金属夹杂物影响的研究

对梅钢2#连铸机采用的FC-Mold(Flow Control Mold)全幅二段电磁制动器对钢中非金属夹杂物的影响进行了研究。结果表明,采用电磁制动后,铸坯中心的夹杂物总个数少于未采用电磁制动的铸坯,而前者边部的夹杂物个数则是后者的2.06倍;铸坯中心和边部的夹杂物平均直径和平均面积均有所减小,铸坯中心的平均面积减小量达到8.44μm2。钢中的夹杂物主要为直径全部小于20μm的Al2O3、MnS和CaS夹杂物,还有少量含K、Na的夹杂物。未采用电磁制动的铸坯中含K、Na夹杂物的数量明显多于采用电磁制动的铸坯。采用电磁制动明显降低结晶器液面的波动幅度,这有助于减少卷渣几率。电磁制动使用技术还有待于进一步优化研究。

不同拉速工艺下连铸板坯横截面中心偏析和夹杂物的原位统计分布分析

采用原位统计分布分析技术对不同拉速工艺条件下连铸板坯中心横截面的偏析特性和夹杂物分布进行了研究。通过对3.0 m/min和4.2 m/min拉速条件下C,Si,Mn,P,S及Al系夹杂物含量在连铸板坯中心横截面的分布规律对比,发现在低拉速工艺条件下,样品中C,Mn,P等元素在连铸板坯横截面的统计均匀性好于高拉速工艺条件下样品,Si,S等元素则呈现相反的规律,S,P,C等元素易形成“点状”偏析,呈不连续分散分布的特点,Al系夹杂物分布均匀,粒度小;高拉速工艺条件下,样品中S,P,C等元素易形成“带状”偏析,呈连续分布的特点,并位于板厚中心线附近,Al系夹杂物分布不均匀,粒度大,更靠近板坯的上下表面。

不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯洁净度研究

采用氧氮分析、金相法、大样电解法、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,对不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯(头坯、正常坯、尾坯)的洁净度进行研究。结果表明,与正常坯相比较,头坯和尾坯中T[O]含量均有不同程度的提高;头坯中氮含量大幅升高,而尾坯中氮含量变化很小;头坯、尾坯的显微夹杂物均有所增加,显微夹杂物主要为TiN、Al2O3-TiN和球状钙铝酸盐类复合夹杂物;头坯中大型夹杂物最多(8.77mg/10kg),尾坯次之(5.71mg/10kg),正常坯中最少(1.75mg/10kg),大型夹杂物主要为TiN、SiO2、Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-CaO,另外还有少量的MgO-CaO夹杂物和含有TiO2的复合夹杂物,这些夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣。

钢中非金属夹杂物存在状况的跟踪研究——酒泉钢铁公司L290管线钢

为了提高管线钢生产水平和质量,采用连续跟踪、系统取样方法,对3炉L290管线钢进行了纯净度的调查研究,获得了各阶段钢水和铸坯的质量信息,以及非金属夹杂物的存在状况和规律.3炉钢的∑w[S、P、O、N、H]波动在0 0245%～0 0404%之间,沿浇次正常坯头、中、尾三部分坯的平均夹杂物总量波动在1 73～4 10mg/kg之间,均与国内富有管线钢生产经验企业存在一定差距.对影响钢质量和纯净度的工艺因素进行了探讨并指出了改进方向.

不锈钢连铸板坯横截面夹杂物的原位统计分布分析

采用原位统计分布分析表征技术对电磁搅拌工艺条件下生产的不锈钢连铸板坯样品横截面进行取样分析,对铸坯横截面1/4处(宽度方向)沿厚度方向的全尺寸范围、中心部位及白亮带处的铝系夹杂物含量、组成、数量、粒度分布进行解析。试验表明,由电磁搅拌产生的白亮带中C、Ti、Si各元素分布呈负偏析,其位置与低倍组织形貌中白亮带位置准确对应,Al和Ca在白亮带富集呈严重正偏析;白亮带区铝系夹杂物总量较中部区域略多,且白亮带区AlCa夹杂比例略高,而中部区域Al-O夹杂比例略高;白亮带中铝系夹杂物小颗粒比例略大,而中部区域大颗粒略多;Ca夹杂最大粒度位于白亮带,而Al夹杂最大粒度位于中部区域。采用扫描电镜结合能谱分析,验证了铸坯横截面"全尺寸"原位统计分布分析表征结果的正确性。研究表明,与扫描电镜等微观分析技术相结合,可实现原位统计分布分析对指定部位夹杂形貌的解析。

CAS-OB精炼和连铸过程钢中夹杂物来源示踪研究

通过添加示踪剂研究CAS-OB的精炼过程和连铸过程以及板坯钢样夹杂物来源。结果表明,精炼过程和钙处理后的钢中显微夹杂物均含有钢包渣示踪元素镧;中间包钢样中的显微夹杂物同时含有镧和中间包示踪元素铈;板坯中的显微夹杂物含有镧、铈、钾、钠中的几种,说明钢液脱氧产物与钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂、结晶器保护渣均产生了反应。板坯中大型夹杂物主要源于结晶器保护渣,其次源于钢包渣,少部分源于中间包覆盖剂;大型夹杂物同时含有钾、钠、镧、铈中的几种元素,说明大型夹杂物是脱氧产物与卷入钢液中的钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂、保护渣或中间包内衬蚀损产物相互反应的复杂夹杂物。

BOF-RH-CC生产的IF钢不同浇铸阶段铸坯洁净度研究

对BOF-RH-CC冶炼IF钢不同浇铸阶段铸坯进行了研究,正常坯的[N]和[O]分别为17×10^(-6)和16.5×10^(-6),较头坯和尾坯有不同程度的下降,符合内控要求。不同浇铸阶段铸坯显微夹杂物均主要是TiN,Al_2O_3,以及Al_2O_(3-)TiN型复合夹杂,尺寸在5～15μm。正常坯的大型夹杂物含量最低,为4.29 mg/10kg;尾坯含量最高,为9.92 mg/10kg,大型夹杂物大都含有K或Na,推测其可能来自结晶器卷渣。

攀钢连铸板坯非金属夹杂物现状调查

根据对攀钢连铸板坯中非金属夹杂物现状的调查，了解了０９ＣｕＰＲｅ＿Ｂ钢连铸坯中夹杂物的状况及在生产过程中的变化情况，得到的结果可作为攀钢生产洁净钢的依据。

立弯式连铸机铸坯表层夹杂物的行为

对铸坯表层下的夹杂物类型、数量、分布和组成进行了分析，并进行了理论研究．结果发现铸坯表层下１５ｍｍ以内有两个夹杂物积聚峰，一个在２～４ｍｍ处，主要来源于结晶器渣的卷入；另一个在９～１０ｍｍ处，主要来源于浸入式水口脱落物．文中提出了相应的解决措施．

带直立段弧形连铸机铸坯内弧夹杂物的聚集

对在线硫印检测中发现带直立段的弧形连铸机内弧侧出现夹杂物集聚的铸坯进行了系统的检验，对夹杂物的数量、组成、类型、分布进了分析。内弧侧集聚的夹杂物主要来源于浸入式水口中的堵塞物，它们被卷入到液相穴的深处而未能上浮，被凝固前沿捕捉所致。文中还提出了相应的解决措施。

410S铁素体不锈钢连铸板坯中非金属夹杂物的分布和类型

本文用金相检验法对410 S不锈钢连铸板坯中的非金属夹杂物数量进行统计分析,研究了夹杂物的数量分布,并用扫描电镜对夹杂物成分进行研究.试验结果表明:410 S连铸板坯中夹杂物尺寸以0～10μm为主;距边部1/4位置处和中部从铸坯表层至心部非金属夹杂物数量有少量增加,沿厚度方向相同位置上夹杂物相比,中部夹杂物数量明显增加;在连铸坯表层宽度方向边部和1/4位置处各尺寸范围内的夹杂物数量差别甚小;连铸板坯中非金属夹杂物都呈现为球状,类型为CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnO.