Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments.It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor.It dramatically increases the peak concentration time,and greatly decreases the dead volume,and reduces the minimum residence time.The gas blowing location,gas flow rate,and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle,smaller gas flow rate,and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics.Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish.Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation.Therefore,introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal,and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.

Fluid flow in large-capacity horizontal continuous casting tundishes

The configuration of the tundish for a two-strand horizontal continuous caster was designed and optimized through water modeling. Three designs of the tundish were studied： the original tundish without any flow control devices, the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor at the bottom, and the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam. The residence time, the location and size of the dead zone, and the fluid field pattern were investigated. At the same time, the asymmetry flow field and wavy inlet jet in the horizontal tundish were observed and the reasons for them were discussed. The results indicate that the mndish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam is the best of the three designs.

Water Modeling of Swirling Flow Tundish for Steel Continuous Casting

A conventional turbulence inhibitor is compared with a swirling chamber from the points of view of fluid flow and removal rate of inclusion in the tundish. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion removals, and the streamlines in water model experiments, it can be found that the tundish equipped with a swirling chamber has a great effect on improving the flow field, and the floatation rate of inclusion is higher than the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. Because of the introduction of the swirling chamber, the flow field and inclusion removal in a two-strand swirling flow tundish are asymmetrical. Rotating the inlet direction of swirling chamber 60 degree is a good strategy to improve the asymmetrical flow field.

Numerical Investigation of the Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundish Using Analysis of RTD Curves

A detailed mathematical procedure of the optimization of the fluid flow in a tundish water model with and without flow control devices （weir and dam） was carried out using the commercial CFD eode FLUENT 6.0. The （k- ε） two-equation model was used to model turbulence. The residence time distribution （RTD） curves were used to analyze the behavior of the flow in tundish. The location of flow control devices in the tundish was studied. The results show that the flow modifiers play an important role in promoting the floatation of nonmetallic inclusions in steel. Comparing the three geometric configurations that are considered （bare tundish, weir, weir＋dam）, the tundish equipped with the arrangement （weir＋dam） is a best and optimal geometric configuration of tundish.

Upward Molten Flow for Optimization of Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundish

Fluid flow pattern and buoyancy force support the motion of nonmetallic inclusions toward thetundish slag. Upward molten flow was investigated. To understand the fundamentals of the process, physical modelling was carried out with the utilization of a 1 ： 4 scale model. Numerical modelling was carried out in line with the physicai modelling to examine details of the flow pattern and rotational effect caused by the upward flow with the Commercial CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamics） package environment, FLUENT. The two-equation κ-ε model was used to simulate the turbulence. Multiphase fluid flow was numerically simulated by using the Volume of Fluid （VoF） method. The simulation can predict free surface waves and other phenomena, which can be used to optimize these important metallurgical operations.

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand,the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow.This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish,and consequently,the mean residence time decreases.In the present study,numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model.To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish,the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied.The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time,and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish,namely,mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish.An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found,which yields best mixing inside the tundish.The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution （RTD） curves.The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish.The educational version of computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.

兴澄特钢中间包结构优化

以兴澄特钢连铸中间包为工程背景,根据相似原理建立了中间包水模型系统,研究了4流不同结构的中间包的流体流动特性.研究表明:原结构的中间包同一侧的两流之间的流体流动特性存在很大差异,与内侧流相比,外侧流的最小停留时间、峰值时间小,死区体积大,造成中间包内钢液温度不均匀,夹杂物不能有效地上浮去除,不能很好地满足高质量特钢生产的要求.采用优化后的挡墙和坝组合的中间包控流装置,外侧和内侧的停留时间分布趋于一致,表明外侧流和内侧流之间流动特性相近.中间包结构优化后平均死区百分数由原结构的58.2%降低到10.9%.

板坯中间包钢水流动的热态水模

本文用热态水模研究板坯连铸机中间包内钢水流动的规律.试验结果证实，由于中间包散热使钢水密度不均匀，在浮力作用下，钢水的流动状态与常密度时完全相反，板坯中间包内自然对流的影响不能忽略.

六流T形连铸中间包内控流装置优化的水模研究

通过水力学模拟六流连铸中间包后发现，原设计的中间包在夹杂物的上浮及温度的均匀性方面还存在不足，不能很好地满足生产工艺要求。通过优化设计，提出了促进夹杂物上浮和均匀中间包内钢水温度的设计方案。本文还提出了多流连铸中间包流动特性的评判方法，为类似的水力学模拟试验提供了参考。

五流T型中间包内控流装置优化的水模型实验

通过水力学模拟五流T型连铸中间包后发现 ,在现有的操作条件下 ,无控流中间包五个流的流动特性一致方面存在不足 ,尤其是近水口响应时间极短 ,从而影响夹杂物的上浮 ,甚至会造成铸坯中产生大型夹杂及温度的均匀性 .设置合适形状抑湍器和“V”型挡墙会大大改善上述不足 ,如果两者合理搭配则效果更加显著 .通过实验研究后 。

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为的水模型研究

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包水模型实验,考察了控流装置、浇铸速度、夹杂物粒径对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:挡墙-挡坝组合控流夹杂物去除效果最佳,中间包内强湍流区夹杂物的碰撞聚合以及向上和表面流速的增加是主因;中间包注流区加入抑湍器,虽然其流体流动特征发生改变,但对夹杂物去除率的影响并不显著;较高的浇铸速度下,单纯靠控流装置的优化已不能很好地改善夹杂物的去除效果.

宝钢1930板坯连铸异钢种连浇的水模实验研究

对宝钢连铸一分厂 60t中间包进行了 1∶3水模实验 ,主要研究非稳态条件下拉速、余钢量对不同钢种连浇时交接部长度的影响 ,以利于改进现场的操作。

板坯连铸IF钢中间包控流装置优化水模型研究

以相似原理为基础,用水模拟钢液研究中间包内的钢水流动特征,通过测定模型中间包内停留时间分布曲线,计算其平均停留时间及死区,活塞区和混合区的体积。得出了最有利于改善中间包钢液流动的控流装置组合为下挡墙+湍流控制器,并得出了其具体位置。优化后的中间包比原中间包死区体积下降了4.1%,活塞流增加了8.7%。

板坯连铸中间包结构优化的研究

结合某公司双冲击点板坯中间包生产现状,利用水模实验对中间包内钢水流动特性进行了研究.结果表明:原中间包结构存在明显的短路流,钢水停留时间偏短,死区体积分率偏高,不利于夹杂物上浮去除.同时,由于在高度较大的两湍流控制器间钢水不能流出,影响金属收得率.这种具有双冲击点的中间包,应按照对称的两个单流板坯中间包进行结构优化.采用小高度湍流控制器加上下挡墙的控流方式时,由于钢水流经路径增长和全混流体积分率增加,响应时间增长,死区体积分率显著减小至15%以下,有利于夹杂物上浮去除.同时,将小高度湍流控制器和门式开孔导流坝相结合,残钢量显著减小,有利于提高金属收得率.

连铸中间包底吹气过程水模型实验研究

以宝钢集团梅山钢厂1台连铸中间包为原型,采用自行设计的吹气装置于底部吹气,用水模型的方法研究了吹气对中间包过程的影响。实验结果表明,底部吹气显著地改变了中间包内的流体流动特征;当不吹气时,通过上挡板下部的液流以层流形式贴近中间包的底部流动,然后从出口直接流出,在中间包的停留时间较短,死区体积较大,不利于夹杂物的去除;吹气以后,上升的气流起到了气幕挡墙的作用,通过上挡板下部的液流,被上升的气流抬起,贴近液面流动;吹气有利于增加平均停留时间,缩小中间包的死区体积,此外,上升的气流对中间包的液流具有一定的清洗作用,有利于夹杂物的去除;吹气用于中间包去夹杂过程,不需要较大气体流量。在气体流量相同时,在水模型实验装置中3个位置吹气对中间包的平均停留时间、中间包的死区体积分数、最短平均停留时间的影响大致相同,但总体上,中间位置的吹气效果要好于其他2个位置的吹气效果。

两流板坯连铸中间包控流装置的优化

在相似理论的基础上,按照1∶3的比例建立了"两流板坯连铸中间包"水力学模型,通过挡墙与挡坝不同高度及位置的组合来优化中间包的内部结构并确定出最佳设计方案。试验结果表明:优化后能将原型中间包的滞止时间由83 s延长到97 s,平均停留时间由296 s延长到432 s,死区由46%减小到21%,电导率微观波动值由0.04 ms/cm降低到0.025 ms/cm以内。

控流装置对板坯中间包流场优化的影响

根据相似原理,用1:3水模型研究了230 mm×130 mm板坯连铸用60 t中间包内钢水的流动特征,通过测定模型中间包内停留时间分布曲线,计算其平均停留时间及死区,活塞区和混合区的体积。结果表明,采用下挡墙开孔能有效地改善中间包内流场,得出优化后合适的钢包控流装置组合为开孔下挡墙+湍流控制器,下挡墙高133 mm,距离冲击区765 mm。优化后的中间包比原中间包平均停留时间增加了24 s,死区体积由原来的14.8%下降至6.7%。

底吹气连铸中间包内气液两相流的数值模拟

以宝钢集团梅山钢厂1台连铸中间包为原型,进行底吹气中间包水模型研究.实测结果表明,底吹气在中间包内形成“鼓泡流”形式的流动结构;“鼓泡流”的形成一方面能够破坏中间包内“层流”形式的短路流动,增强混合,另一方面能在中间包内形成“气幕挡墙”,有利于夹杂物去除.针对中间包内气?液两相“鼓泡流”特征,建立了底吹气中间包内气?液两相欧拉多流体模型,模型中考虑了气泡的存在对湍流增强的影响,考虑了相间滑移、气泡浮力及湍流分散力.采用所建立的模型对底吹气中间包内气液两相流动和混合特性进行了模拟和分析,结果与水模型实测结果一致.

五流梯形中间包结构优化

利用数值模拟和水模实验对南京钢厂五流小方坯连铸机梯形连铸中间包进行了结构优化研究.研究结果表明,原型中间包由于冲击区距3,4流距离过短,存在明显的短路流,各流间钢水分配及响应时间等差别较大,死区体积分率高,平均高达44.5%.采用湍流控制器+围墙+导流坝组合控流装置后,3流和4流的响应时间明显增加,分别增加到11和13s,各流流动特性趋于一致,平均死区体积减小至29.1%.研究结果有利于促进连铸生产顺行和铸坯质量的提高.

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除机理的水模型研究

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包水模型实验,考察了控流装置、浇铸速度及夹杂物粒径对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:挡墙-挡坝组合控流去除夹杂物效果最佳,中间包内强湍流区夹杂物的碰撞、聚合以及向上和表面流速的增加是主因;中间包注流区加入冲击槽,虽然其流体流动特征发生改变,但对夹杂物去除率的影响并不显著;浇铸速度较高时,仅靠控流装置的优化已不能很好地改善夹杂物的去除效果.