[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system. [Method] By modeling three types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting L...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system. [Method] By modeling three types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area, four treatments as no fertilizer （CK）, urea, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） and 70% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （70% CRNF） were designed in the micro-plot trials from 2005 to 2008. [Result] The rice yield in treatment CRNF at N 150 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.3%, 8.0% and 2.4% compared with treatment of urea, in alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil （ALS）, purple calcareous clayey paddy soil （PCS）, and reddish yellow loamy paddy soil （RYS）, respectively; and the yield in treatment of 70% CRNF was increased by 6.1%, 2.6% and -0.8%, respectively. The ranking order of nitrogen uptake amount by plant in early rice and late rice was CRNF 70% CRNF urea CK in all three types of soil. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in above three types of soil was 60.7%, 59.6% and 56.3%, increased by 23.8%, 19.4% and 16.3% compared with that in treatment of urea, respectively. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in early rice was increased year by year, and was higher than that of 70% CRNF during the whole experiment stage, while that in late rice was increased first and then decreased from the 3rd year. [Conclusion] Continuous application CRNF could alleviate the decreasing of soil nitrogen fertility and organic carbon especially in ALS, increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in double-rice cropping system.展开更多
Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in impr...Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in improving grain quality,and analyzes the beneficial influence of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"on grain production and the difficulties it faces.This paper also puts forward some measures and suggestions for the further popularization of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"in order to maintain food security.展开更多
Changes of soil organic nitrogen forms and soil nitrogen supply under continuous rice cropping system were investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China. The fertilizer treat...Changes of soil organic nitrogen forms and soil nitrogen supply under continuous rice cropping system were investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China. The fertilizer treatments included combination of P-K, N-K, N-P, and N-P-K as well as the control. After six years of continuous double-rice cropping, total soil N and hydrolysable N contents remained stable in plots with N treatments, while the hydrolysable N contents were substantially reduced in those plots without N application. Compared to the unbalanced fertilization treatments, P and K increased the percentage of hydrolysable ammonium N in the total soil N with the balanced application of N, and also maintained higher rice grain yields and nitrogen uptake. Grain yield was positively correlated with total N uptake (r = 0.875**), hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.560**) and the hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.417**). Total N uptake was positively correlated with hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.440**) and hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.431**). Soil nutrient depletion and/or unbalanced fertilization to rice crop reduced N content in soil microbial biomass, and therefore increased C/N ratio, suggesting a negative effect on the total microbial biomass in the soil.展开更多
Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 contin...Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.展开更多
为探明不同稻虾种养模式下水稻中微量元素吸收与稻米品质的关系,开展不同龙虾品种和密度的田间试验,设计水稻单作(rice monoculture,R)、水稻克氏原螯虾低密度共作(rice co-cropping with Procambarus Clarkii in low density,RCL)、水...为探明不同稻虾种养模式下水稻中微量元素吸收与稻米品质的关系,开展不同龙虾品种和密度的田间试验,设计水稻单作(rice monoculture,R)、水稻克氏原螯虾低密度共作(rice co-cropping with Procambarus Clarkii in low density,RCL)、水稻克氏原螯虾高密度共作(rice co-cropping with Procambarus Clarkii in high density,RCH)和水稻澳龙共作(rice co-cropping with Cherax quadricarinatus,RA)4个处理,分析了稻米中微量元素含量、稻米品质、中微量元素与品质的相关性以及经济效益等指标。结果表明:稻虾共作模式提高了稻米中微量元素含量,其中Fe、Ca和Mg含量显著增加,与R处理相比,RCH、RCL和RA处理稻米的Fe含量分别增加52.0%、23.4%和21.4%,Ca含量分别增加45.7%、32.1%和22.8%,Mg含量分别增加45.0%、28.6%和23.3%。稻米中微量元素提升,有利于稻米品质的改善,稻米品质中的蛋白质与Fe、Ca和Mg呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,胶稠度与Fe、Ca和Mg呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;直链淀粉含量和垩白粒率均与Ca呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。稻虾共作模式提高了蛋白质含量和胶稠度,降低了稻米的垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量,稻米品质变优,其中RCH处理稻米品质改善效果最好。与R处理相比较,RCH、RCL和RA处理的纯收益分别增加了506%、314%和429%。总体而言,稻虾共作模式能够提高稻米中微量元素含量,改善稻米品质,提高经济效益,因此,在稻虾综合种养模式的选择中,龙虾品种和养殖密度是需要综合考虑的重要因素。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China during the11th Five-Year Plan Period(2008BADA4B08)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2010hnnkycx56)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system. [Method] By modeling three types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area, four treatments as no fertilizer （CK）, urea, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） and 70% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （70% CRNF） were designed in the micro-plot trials from 2005 to 2008. [Result] The rice yield in treatment CRNF at N 150 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.3%, 8.0% and 2.4% compared with treatment of urea, in alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil （ALS）, purple calcareous clayey paddy soil （PCS）, and reddish yellow loamy paddy soil （RYS）, respectively; and the yield in treatment of 70% CRNF was increased by 6.1%, 2.6% and -0.8%, respectively. The ranking order of nitrogen uptake amount by plant in early rice and late rice was CRNF 70% CRNF urea CK in all three types of soil. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in above three types of soil was 60.7%, 59.6% and 56.3%, increased by 23.8%, 19.4% and 16.3% compared with that in treatment of urea, respectively. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in early rice was increased year by year, and was higher than that of 70% CRNF during the whole experiment stage, while that in late rice was increased first and then decreased from the 3rd year. [Conclusion] Continuous application CRNF could alleviate the decreasing of soil nitrogen fertility and organic carbon especially in ALS, increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in double-rice cropping system.
文摘Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in improving grain quality,and analyzes the beneficial influence of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"on grain production and the difficulties it faces.This paper also puts forward some measures and suggestions for the further popularization of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"in order to maintain food security.
基金Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFI), Francethe Potast & Phosphate Institute (PPI), USA and Canadathe International Potassium Institute (IPI), Switzerland
文摘Changes of soil organic nitrogen forms and soil nitrogen supply under continuous rice cropping system were investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China. The fertilizer treatments included combination of P-K, N-K, N-P, and N-P-K as well as the control. After six years of continuous double-rice cropping, total soil N and hydrolysable N contents remained stable in plots with N treatments, while the hydrolysable N contents were substantially reduced in those plots without N application. Compared to the unbalanced fertilization treatments, P and K increased the percentage of hydrolysable ammonium N in the total soil N with the balanced application of N, and also maintained higher rice grain yields and nitrogen uptake. Grain yield was positively correlated with total N uptake (r = 0.875**), hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.560**) and the hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.417**). Total N uptake was positively correlated with hydrolysable N (r = 0.608**), hydrolysable ammonium N (r = 0.440**) and hydrolysable unknown N (r = 0.431**). Soil nutrient depletion and/or unbalanced fertilization to rice crop reduced N content in soil microbial biomass, and therefore increased C/N ratio, suggesting a negative effect on the total microbial biomass in the soil.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272248)the project of graduate innovation in Hunan Province (No. CX2017B364)
文摘Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.
文摘为探明不同稻虾种养模式下水稻中微量元素吸收与稻米品质的关系,开展不同龙虾品种和密度的田间试验,设计水稻单作(rice monoculture,R)、水稻克氏原螯虾低密度共作(rice co-cropping with Procambarus Clarkii in low density,RCL)、水稻克氏原螯虾高密度共作(rice co-cropping with Procambarus Clarkii in high density,RCH)和水稻澳龙共作(rice co-cropping with Cherax quadricarinatus,RA)4个处理,分析了稻米中微量元素含量、稻米品质、中微量元素与品质的相关性以及经济效益等指标。结果表明:稻虾共作模式提高了稻米中微量元素含量,其中Fe、Ca和Mg含量显著增加,与R处理相比,RCH、RCL和RA处理稻米的Fe含量分别增加52.0%、23.4%和21.4%,Ca含量分别增加45.7%、32.1%和22.8%,Mg含量分别增加45.0%、28.6%和23.3%。稻米中微量元素提升,有利于稻米品质的改善,稻米品质中的蛋白质与Fe、Ca和Mg呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,胶稠度与Fe、Ca和Mg呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;直链淀粉含量和垩白粒率均与Ca呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。稻虾共作模式提高了蛋白质含量和胶稠度,降低了稻米的垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量,稻米品质变优,其中RCH处理稻米品质改善效果最好。与R处理相比较,RCH、RCL和RA处理的纯收益分别增加了506%、314%和429%。总体而言,稻虾共作模式能够提高稻米中微量元素含量,改善稻米品质,提高经济效益,因此,在稻虾综合种养模式的选择中,龙虾品种和养殖密度是需要综合考虑的重要因素。
