Production and Properties of Short Jute and Short E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene-Based Composites

Short jute fiber (2 - 3 mm) reinforced polypropylene PP-based composites (20% fiber by weight) were fabricated using compression molding and the mechanical properties were evaluated. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (Eb%), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), impact strength (IS), and hardness of the composites were found to be 32 MPa, 850 MPa, 12%, 38 MPa, 1685 MPa, 18 kJ/m2 and 96 shore-A, respectively. Then short E-glass fiber (2 - 3 mm) reinforced PP-based composites (20% fiber by weight) were fabricated and mechanical properties were compared with short jute-based composites. Short jute-based composites showed excellent mechanical properties and comparable to short E-glass-based composites. Soil degradation test of both types of composites indi-cated that jute/PP composites significantly lost much of its mechanical properties but E-glass/PP composites retained major portion of its original integrity. Interfaces of the degraded composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and supported the biodegradation properties of jute/PP composites.

Reinforcing effects of modified Kevlar~ fiber on the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene composites

Kevlar fiber （KF） is a synthesized product with strong mechanical properties. We used KF as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene （WF/PP） composites. KF was pretreated with NaOH to improve its compatibility with the thermoplastic matrix. Maleated polypropylene （MAPP） was used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between KF, WF, and PP. Incorporation of KF improved the mechanical properties of WF/PP composites. Treatment of KF with NaOH resulted in further improvement in mechanical strength. Addition of 3% MAPP and 2% hydrolyzed KF （HKF） led to an increment of 93.8% in unnotched impact strength, 17.7% in notched impact strength, 86.8% in flexure strength, 50.8% in flexure modulus, and 94.1% in tensile strength compared to traditional WF/PP composites. Scanning electron microscopy of the cryo-fractured section of WF/PP showed that the HKF surface was rougher than the virgin KF, and the KF was randomly distributed in the composites, which might cause a mechanical interlocking between KF and polypropylene molecules in the composites.

Static Bending Creep Properties of Glass Fiber Surface Composite Wood

To study the static bending creep properties of glass fiber reinforced wood,glass fiber reinforced poplar(GFRP)specimens were obtained by pasting glass fiber on the upper and lower surfaces of Poplar(Populus euramevicana,P),the performance of Normal Creep(NC)and Mechanical Sorptive Creep(MSC)of GFRP and their influencing factors were tested and analyzed.The test results and analysis show that:(1)The MOE and MOR of Poplar were increased by 17.06%and 10.00%respectively by the glass fiber surface reinforced composite.(2)The surface reinforced P with glass fiber cloth only exhibits the NC pattern of wood and loses the MSC characteristics of wood,regardless of the constant or alternating changes in relative humidity.(3)The instantaneous elastic deformation,viscoelastic deformation,viscous deformation and total creep deflection of GFRP are positively correlated with the stress level of the external load applied to the specimen.Still,the specimen’s creep recovery rate is negatively correlated with the stress level of the external load applied to the specimen.The static creep deflection and viscous deformation of GFRP increase with the increase of the relative humidity of the environment.(4)The MSC maximum creep deflection of GFRP increased by only 7.41%over the NC maximum creep deflection,but the MSC maximum creep deflection of P increased by 199.25%over the NC maximum creep deflection.(5)The Burgers 4-factor model and the Weibull distribution equation can fit the NC and NC recovery processes of GFRP well.

Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (GFRPC) Escape Pipeline in Tunnel

During the tunnel construction process,unfavorable geological conditionsare often encountered.Geological disasters such as collapse,roof fall,water inrush,gas explosion,etc.occur frequently,causing different degrees of property damage and casualties to the construction of the tunnel,seriously affecting harmony during construction.The domestic emergency hedging is mainly the use of 8-10mm steel coils,but the steel is heavy and not suitable for the frequent movement of tunnels.This paper introduces the new Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite(GFRPC)escape pipeline used in Chongqing Jiuyongyi Jinyunshan Tunnel,and compares the traditional steel coil parameters to provide reference for subsequent tunnel hedging measures.

Observation and Study of Fracture Behaviour for Fiber Reinforced Cement

Polypropylene, carbon, aramid and polyethylene fibers reinforced cement composites were fabricated respectively. Their fracture behaviors were observed using scanning electron microscopy and the bonding between fiber and matrix was observed in detail.

Study of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Effect on Resin Impregnated Bamboo Fiber Polypropylene Composit

Previously, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and phenolic resin were used for resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites which was manufactures for resin impregnated bamboo fiber with polypropylene (PP). Resin impregnation method can show improvement on tensile strength of fiber. However, to reduce the contact surface area and low inter-facial shear strength (IFSS) between impregnated resin and matrix, using 40% weight fraction of bamboo fiber in PP matrix, PVA impregnated composites with mean flexural and tensile strength 10% higher than untreated composites were produced butphenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composition’s mechanical properties were decreased. In this study maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to increase interfacial shear strength between resin impregnated fiber and PP. With 10% MAPP, IFSS between resin impregnated fiber and PP increased more than 100% and reinforced composites. MAPP with untreated, phenolic resin and PVA impregnated cases showed similar mechanical properties. Yet in water absorption test, the PVA treatment with bamboo/PP composites increased water absorption ratio. But with 10% MAPP, matrix PP water absorption ratio decreased like phenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composites. 10% MAPP with resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites can improve IFSS, mechanical properties of composite and can decrease water absorption PVA resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

复合材料尾门结构的拓扑-参数一体化轻量化设计

以某新能源车型的尾门为研究对象,结合注塑长玻纤增强复合材料,提出了一种结构拓扑参数一体化轻量化设计方法,并为尾门性能仿真和优化设计分别建立了联合仿真和常规仿真模型,提高了仿真精度和优化效率。首先,基于常规仿真模型通过三步式结构概念设计优化并重新设计了复合材料尾门结构。然后,建立了用于后续多目标优化的联合仿真模型,并通过样件试制和性能试验进行了验证。最后,利用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对尾门的筋条厚度、关键位置厚度、截面尺寸进行了详细优化。优化后的复合材料尾门质量比原钢制尾门减小了27.2%,同时尾门扭转刚度、横向刚度、弯曲刚度及自由模态满足应用要求。

聚丙烯/玻璃纤维复合泡沫的制备及隔声隔热性能

以二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,玻璃纤维(GF)为填料,通过熔融共混法和模压发泡法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/GF复合泡沫,利用PP分子上熔融接枝形成的TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构作为相容剂,促进GF在PP基体中的分散,通过GF与TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构的协同作用,有效改善PP熔体和复合泡沫的性能。研究了支化结构相容剂和填料用量对PP熔体强度、热稳定性、结晶性能以及复合泡沫微观形貌、隔热性能、声学性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明,TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构相容剂能够有效促进GF在PP基体中的分散,强化界面相互作用,形成较为完善的填料网络,显著提升了PP的熔体强度、发泡性能和结晶性能。当GF用量为10份时,PP/GF复合泡沫的泡孔均匀、形状规则、压缩性能良好,具备优异的隔声性能和隔热性能,平均声音传输损耗达到59.7 dB,相较于纯PP泡沫提高了84.8%,导热系数低至0.055 W/(m·K),相较于纯PP泡沫降低了65.6%。

基于改性PP成型的工控机电路板支撑架注射模设计

针对工控机电路板支撑架大型塑件的成型,选用了一种玻纤改性增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料用于塑件的注射成型。模具结构为三板模结构,分3次开模打开。为保证塑件模腔充填均衡性、饱满性而设计了两个点浇口用于模腔的浇注。针对塑件二级子特征较多,特别是异型螺柱深筋位较多的特点,设计了多个局部镶件用于这些局部特征的成型,在提高局部成型镶件强度的同时,降低了这些成型件的加工难度。针对模腔局部位置排气难点,设置了多个透气镶件以增强排气。设置了锁扣机构、定距拉杆机构用于模具的开模闭模控制;设计了弹料机构用于流道废料的可靠脱模、定位机构以确保塑件的成型精度和模具工作寿命;3个滑块机构用于塑件侧壁直壁及直壁上侧孔的成型与脱模。模具结构形式合理,成型件便于加工且实用可靠,能为同类模具设计提供有益借鉴。

连续纤维增强复合材料结构多尺度拓扑优化设计

连续纤维增强复合材料具有重量轻、比强度和比模量高的特点,日益受到航空航天等高端装备制造领域的青睐,同时连续纤维3D打印技术的发展使具有复杂几何构型和纤维分布的复合材料结构制造成为可能。为发挥复合材料多尺度的可设计性及获得更好的结构性能,本文基于独立连续拓扑变量提出了一种连续纤维复合材料结构多尺度拓扑优化方法。该方法引入基于主应力的纤维方向插值策略,解决纤维取向优化过程中易陷入局部最优的问题,实现连续纤维复合材料结构宏观拓扑、微观纤维方向和纤维疏密的并行优化设计。采用移动渐近算法(MMA)进行优化求解,数值算例证明了提出方法的有效性和稳定性,对连续纤维复合材料结构设计和路径规划具有指导意义。

玻纤增强尼龙复合材料车门拉手座热流道模具设计

在车门拉手座塑件模具设计中,为解决高含量玻璃纤维增强尼龙复合材料成型时容易出现浮纤、收缩各向异性带来的翘曲变形大等潜在品质缺陷问题,运用CAE辅助分析对塑件的成型方案进行了优化分析。将浇注系统优化为潜伏式双浇口浇注系统,浇口的进胶直径为1 mm,流道结构由三级冷流道+一级热流道组成。所获得的浇注效果为:引起浮纤发生的内外壁模温差控制在38℃以下(标准值≤50℃);主要外观面盖面的纤维取向张量范围为0.7373~0.9986,能有效保证盖面的结构强度;塑件最大翘曲变形量为1.024 mm,能保证塑件关键尺寸的成型精度满足MT3级A类精度要求;基于玻纤增强的模腔成型收缩率各向差异化设置分别为X向0.3%,Y向0.1%,Z向0.2%。与优化结果对应的注塑工艺参数为:模温89.4℃,料温292.4℃,注射压力92 MPa,冷却水温度25℃,注塑周期38 s。模具结构为一种两板式热流道模具,一模两腔布局,模具中采用脱模方向集成法设计了3种脱模机构,其中的定模推板斜顶机构和油缸推板型斜抽芯机构对同类塑件脱模机构设计有较好的参考作用。

环境吸湿对玻璃纤维增强尼龙66材料性能的影响

通过研究两种玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)[GF增强PA66(A3WG6,巴斯夫),简称复合材料A;自制PA66+30%GF,简称复合材料B]在环境温湿度条件下调节不同时间后的吸湿状态,探讨了不同时间调节后PA复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、拉伸应变、冲击强度及收缩率与调节时间的关系,考察了材料在常温环境下调节时间与材料含水率的关系,同时分析了水分对PA复合材料性能影响的机理。结果表明,在试验范围内,PA复合材料在常温环境中的吸湿率随着调节时间的延长而增加,环境吸湿速率在16 h达到最高,在168 h后趋于平稳。吸湿后的PA复合材料拉伸强度随着调节时间的延长逐渐下降,拉伸应变和拉伸弹性模量变化相对较小,冲击强度则随着调节时间的延长逐渐增大。当PA66复合材料A、B在环境温湿度条件下调节168 h后,材料的含水率分别为0.207%和0.145%,材料的拉伸强度分别下降了14 MPa和15.3 MPa,损失率达到6.9%和7.8%。当PA66复合材料A、B在环境温湿度条件下调节960 h后,材料的含水率分别为0.578%和0.439%,材料的拉伸强度分别下降了38 MPa和35 MPa,损失率分别达到18.6%和18.2%,材料的冲击强度则提高了12.3%和45.7%。PA66复合材料A、B在相同环境温湿度条件下调节不同时间后的物理力学性能、吸湿状态呈相同趋势。

玻璃与碳纤维混杂增强复合材料3D打印与实验

本研究基于热塑性材料熔融沉积成型工艺,研制了双喷头连续玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强热塑性复合材料结构增材制造平台,制备了不同混杂比的纤维增强热塑性复合材料结构试件,分析了不同结构试件的弯曲力学性能与失效模式,探索了嵌入碳纤维智能层的混杂纤维增强热塑性复合材料的力阻行为。结果表明:比较纯热塑性材料结构件,玻璃纤维增强复合材料结构件弯曲强度提高了115.99%,碳纤维增强复合材料结构件弯曲强度提高了198.76%;玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强复合材料结构件具有负弯曲强度混杂效应和正弯曲模量混杂效应。可根据碳纤维电阻相对变化率对混杂增强复合材料结构的应变与断裂破坏状态进行实时自感知。研究结果为连续玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强热塑性复合材料结构件的高质高效制造与智能化提供了新工艺与新思路。

硬质合金涂层刀具车削GFRP的切削力研究

研究了硬质合金涂层刀具车削玻璃纤维增强复合材料时,切削用量对切削力的影响,并通过正交试验建立了切削力经验公式。结果表明:切削速度引起的树脂软化对切削力的影响较大,切削分力随切削速度的增加先减后增,但切削速度由243 m/min增至342 m/min时,切削力变化趋于平缓;切削力随进给量和背吃刀量的增加而增大,但在进给量为0.05 mm/r时,由于涂层刀具刃口的挤压作用,轴向切削力反而较大。正交试验和极差分析表明,背吃刀量对切削合力及各切削分力的影响最大,切削速度对切削合力及轴向分力Fx和径向分力Fy的影响次之,进给量对主切削力Fz的影响较切削速度大。

玻璃纤维增强复合材料薄壁筒端面车削切削力试验研究

在干切条件下研究了端面车削玻璃纤维增强复合材料薄壁筒时切削力的变化特点,分析切削速度、进给量、切削深度、刀尖圆弧半径、进给方式对切削力的影响规律。试验结果表明:纵向进给方式和横向进给方式下,切削力变化特点不同;在横向进给方式下,切削力随进给量、切削深度的增大而增大,随切削速度的增大先减小后增大;以横向进给方式车削端面时,刀尖圆弧与工件的接触状态直接影响切削力的变化;以纵向进给方式车削玻璃纤维增强复合材料薄壁筒端面时,切削力随着进给量的增大而增大。

刀具几何参数对GFRP复合材料切削力的影响仿真研究

玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)两相材料属性相差迴异,加工难度大。利用有限元仿真软件对玻璃纤维增强复合材料进行了研究,分析了刀具几何参数与切削力之间的关系。结果表明:当刀具前角由3°增大到12°时,切削力下降,但当前角由12°增大到15°时,切削合力和主切削力有微小上升趋势;当刀具后角从2°增加至12°时,切削力呈现下降趋势,从12°增加至22°时,切削力呈现增大趋势;当刃口半径由0.05mm增加至0.4mm时,切削力减小,刃口半径从0.4mm增加到1.2mm时,切削力增加。仿真得到的最合适刀具几何参数分别为前角12°、后角12°和刃口半径0.4mm。

连续碳纤增强B柱加强板结构设计与铺覆仿真

针对连续纤维复合材料成型过程中在大曲率位置易导致纤维断裂、褶皱、撕裂等缺陷问题,本文基于连续纤维复合材料随模铺覆仿真方法,理论分析了铺覆起点、初始取向对铺覆效果的影响规律。以减少纤维成型缺陷为目标,开展了连续碳纤维增强复合材料B柱加强板的结构优化和铺覆优化设计,确定了面向热压成型工艺的B柱加强板几何结构和预浸料铺覆方式。通过分块铺覆优化,使0°、90°、45°、-45°的铺层不合格占比分别由45.18%、52.83%、72.21%、71.78%降至2.47%、3.45%、5.31%、4.77%,有效提高了连续碳纤维的随模铺覆性。基于优化的铺覆设计,成功试制出满足性能要求的B柱加强板。

连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料的抗侵彻性能研究

为开展连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料的侵彻防护性能,首先,用二级轻气炮发射Q235钢质弹丸,对连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料开展弹道侵彻实验,计算了弹道极限,归纳和分析了其损伤的形态和模式,并将这种复合材料的侵彻防护性能与其他材料进行了比较;然后,对弹道侵彻连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料进行了数值模拟,比较了剩余速度、损伤的形态和范围,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;进而通过观察有限元模拟的弹孔形态、应力分布和损伤分布等方式,对侵彻过程的损伤机理进行了分析。研究结果可为复合材料在防热、冲击防护与承受外载荷等多功能一体化的应用提供参考依据。

热氧老化对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的结构与性能的影响

以自制的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为研究对象,研究了PP-g-MAH对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料性能的影响以及热氧老化对PP-g-MAH分子结构和性能的影响。结果表明,自制的PP-g-MAH大幅度提高了30%玻纤增强聚丙烯材料的力学性能;随着热氧老化时间的延长,PP-g-MAH的MFR不断增加,对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料的力学性能的提升作用不断降低;通过凝胶色谱仪(GPC)、红外光谱(IR)和马来酸酐(MAH)接枝率测定结果的分析,热氧老化过程没有对PP分子链接枝的马来酸酐产生明显的影响,而是引起了聚丙烯分子链的断裂,造成PP-g-MAH分子量下降,导致自身力学性能下降,使得PP与玻璃纤维之间的界面强度下降,使得PP-g-MAH对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料的力学性能提升作用下降。

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂板材的制备与性能研究

玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有重复成型、高韧性、高耐久性、可设计、环境友好及可回收利用等优势。为解决由聚丙烯树脂粘度高与尼龙树脂吸水率高引起的复合材料成型工艺与耐久性问题,本项目采用模压工艺研发并制备了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂复合材料板材,研究了混杂模式对于板材力学性能与热性能的影响规律与机理,比较分析了水分子在混杂复合材料内的扩散行为。研究发现,单层层间交替混杂模式板材具有最高的力学性能,拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度最大提升率为132.8%、127.4%和110.4%,归因于混杂板材中两种预浸带在层间粘结-挤压作用下协同受力,材料性能充分发挥;相比之下,五层预浸带层间交替混杂模式板材存在明显薄弱界面层,削弱了板材整体协同受力作用。此外,混杂板材由于聚丙烯树脂憎水性以及逐层交替混杂模式,延缓或阻止了水分子在尼龙树脂内部的吸收和扩散行为,导致混杂板材吸水率大幅下降,这对于提升尼龙树脂基复合材料的耐久性具有重要意义。