Stability Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin-Wall Pier

During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-span continuous rigid frame bridge in Wuhan, the longest span stability coefficient is calculated with linear-buckling and nonlinear-buckling methods, respectively. The influences of both geometrical nonlinearity and the dual nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear solution is necessary to stability analysis because linear buckling loads are much higher than those of nonlinear buckling. Thus, the edge fiber yield criterion is more convenient and faster than ultimate loading criterion when estimating nonlinear stability of structure, and can be used easily in the initial engineering design.

Seismic analysis of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges in cold regions:a case study of Bridge 1 in north of international tourism resort in Changbai Mountain

It is helpful to improve the seismic design theory of long-span continuous bridges for studying the seismic performance of each cantilever construction state.Taking the Bridge 1 in the north of Changbai-Mountain international tourism resort as an example,the authors studied it in shutdown phase and the cantilever construction process,established the simulation model by using Midas / civil,and analyzed time-history of each construction stage for the bridge.The study shows that long-span bridge cantilever construction in northeastern China can be divided into two-year tasks for construction(suspending in winter).It is needed to think about seismic stability of the cantilever position in shut-down phase of winter.The effect of longitudinal vibration is the most disadvantageous influence to bridge,and its calculation results can provide reference for seismic design of similar bridges in the future.

Time-varying Reliability Analysis of Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame bridge under Cantilever Construction Stage based on the Monitored Strain Data

In general,the material properties,loads,resistance of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge in different construction stages are time-varying.So,it is essential to monitor the internal force state when the bridge is in construction.Among them,how to assess the safety is one of the challenges.As the continuous monitoring over a long-term period can increase the reliability of the assessment,so,based on a large number of monitored strain data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)during construction,a calculation method of the punctiform time-varying reliability is proposed in this paper to evaluate the stress state of this type bridge in cantilever construction stage by using the basic reliability theory.At the same time,the optimal stress distribution function in the bridge mid-span base plate is determined when the bridge is closed.This method can provide basis and direction for the internal force control of this type bridge in construction process.So,it can reduce the bridge safety and quality accidents in construction stages.

Maintenance Management Research of a Large-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Reliability Assessment by Using Strain Monitored Data

When the bridge components needing maintenance are the world problem at present,and the health monitoring system is considered to be a very help­ful tool for solving this problem.In this paper,a large number of strain data acquired from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)installed on a continuous rigid frame bridge are adopted to do reliability assessment.Firstly,a calculation method of punctiform time-dependent reliability is proposed based on the basic reliability theory,and introduced how to cal­culate reliability of the bridge by using the stress data transformed from the strain data.Secondly,combined with“Three Sigma”principle and the basic pressure safety reserve requirement,the critical load effects distribu­tion function of the bridge is defined,and then the maintenance reliability threshold for controlling the unfavorable load state which appears in the early operation stage of this type bridge is suggested,and then the combi­nation of bridge maintenance management and health monitoring system is realized.Finally,the transformed stress distribution certifies that the load effects of concrete bridges practically have a normal distribution;as for the concrete continuous rigid frame bridge with C50 strength grade concrete,the retrofit reliability threshold should be valued at 6.13.The methodology suggested in this article can help bridge engineers do effective maintenance of bridges,which can effectively extend the service life of the bridge and bring better economic and social benefits.

Effect of concrete creep on pre-camber of continuous rigid-frame bridge

The effect of concrete creep on the pre-camber of a long-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridge constructed by cantilever casting method was investigated.The difference of creep coefficients calculated with two Chinese codes was discussed.Based on the calculations,the pre-camber of a pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame box bridge was computed for construction control purpose.The results show that the short-term creep coefficient and long-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 are larger than those calculated with the CC-2004,while the medium-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 is smaller than that calculated with the CC-2004.The difference of creep deformation calculated with these two codes is small,and the influences of concrete creep on the pre-camber for most of the segments are negligible.The deflections and stresses of the box girder measured during the construction stages agree very well with the predictions.

Load Test Analysis and Research on Long-Span Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge

Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating and establishing a finite element model,and comparative analysis was carried out with the measured values.The results show that the calculated values were basically consistent with the measured values,which showed that the establishment method of the model was reasonable,and the mechanical performance of the bridge met the service requirements of the designed live load.

Analytical Research on Deformation Monitoring of Large Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge during Operation

Based on a large span continuous rigid frame bridge in Chongqing of China, the main pier vertical displacement and deviation, the bridge deck alignment and the expansion joint deformation are analytically researched during operation. Firstly, the monitoring content and method of the large span continuous rigid frame bridge are clearly stated. Secondly, by finite element software Midas Civil, the relevant deformation values of the bridge are calculated. Thirdly, in practice, the relevant deformation values of the bridge are measured. Finally, the measured values in practice are compared with the calculated ones by the finite element software Midas Civil, finding that the former is less than the latter, and it can be concluded that the bridge is basically in the normal working condition. In this paper, the analytical research on the deformation monitoring can provide the basis for similar bridges, which has good practical significance.

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

风屏障透风率对强风作用下重载铁路刚构-连续梁车桥耦合振动响应的影响

为探究风屏障透风率对强风作用下重载铁路刚构-连续梁车桥耦合振动的影响,先通过节段模型风洞试验获取桥上设置0%,20%,40%,60%和无风屏障5种不同透风率风屏障时车桥系统的三分力系数,再根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变原理建立风-车-桥耦合振动仿真计算分析模型,对不同车速下重载货运列车通过设置不同透风率风屏障刚构-连续梁桥开展风-车-桥系统动力学仿真计算与分析研究。结果表明:在列车上桥初期,桥梁横向位移峰值随透风率的增大而明显减小,而当列车运行趋于满布桥梁时,桥梁的横向位移峰值随透风率的增大变化不明显;列车的动力响应峰值随风屏障透风率的增大而增大,相比于满载编组列车,空载和轻重混编编组列车的动力响应对风屏障透风率的变化更加敏感。综合桥梁动力响应和列车走行安全性评价指标(脱轨系数和轮重减载率),该桥梁应设置40%透风率的风屏障。

考虑墩-梁碰撞效应的连续刚构桥系统易损性与概率地震风险性分析

为研究连续刚构桥主梁与过渡墩碰撞效应对其地震系统易损性和概率地震风险性的影响,以一座主桥跨径为(120+220+120)m的连续刚构桥为研究背景,通过模拟实际施工过程以获得真实成桥内力状态,基于等效荷载法建立考虑该内力状态的动力弹塑性分析模型,采用Hertz-damp接触模型考虑包括主梁与过渡墩碰撞在内的伸缩缝处碰撞效应。选取90条具有速度脉冲的脉冲型近断层地震动沿纵桥向输入,通过时程分析解释了墩梁碰撞过程和破坏机理;采用增量动力分析法,建立考虑桥墩和支座权重系数的全桥复合系统易损性曲线,并与一阶界限法串联模型下限和并联模型上限系统易损性曲线进行对比,将场地危险性函数与易损性函数卷积,建立概率地震风险曲线,考察桥梁系统易损性、概率地震风险性及墩梁碰撞效应的影响。结果表明,若忽略过渡墩与主桥梁体的碰撞效应,将会低估过渡墩的位移反应3~5倍,低估其地震风险性概率120%;当地震动强度为0.2g~0.6g时,轻微破坏和中等破坏的损伤概率被低估了35%~80%;地震动强度为0.6g~1.5g时,严重破坏和完全破坏分别被低估13%~68%和15%~59%。

连续刚构箱形-双薄壁组合式主墩及其刚度匹配设计方法

文章针对因受到建设条件制约而不得不采用主墩高度相差较大的连续刚构桥梁,应用箱形-双薄壁组合式桥墩作为主墩结构,提出了对应的主墩刚度匹配设计方法,并对刚度计算过程进行了推导,得到了组合式桥墩墩顶顺桥向抗推集成刚度的计算公式,用实桥计算示例对提出的主墩设计和传统设计的结果进行了对比。结果表明,文章提出的箱形-双薄壁组合式主墩刚度匹配设计方法能有效地避免主墩高度差引起的内力不均匀分配问题,从而改善高、低主墩连续刚构桥梁在温度、制动力等水平荷载下的力学表现,提高结构的抗震性能。

基于静动力试验的铁路连续刚构-拱桥模型修正

为提升大跨度铁路连续刚构-拱桥有限元模型预测精度,同时针对传统有限元模型修正中只采用全局最优解而忽略可能更接近实际情况的局部最优解问题,提出一种基于距离机制的改进稳态遗传算法(DSSGA),利用实测静动力数据对其初始有限元模型进行模型修正。首先,介绍桥梁基本信息、初始有限元模型和静动力试验及其试验结果;其次,介绍DSSGA算法的理论以及其结合Kriging代理模型的基本修正流程,并通过测试函数验证DSS-GA算法的优化效果;最后,通过灵敏度分析选择待修正结构参数,利用拉丁超立方设计构建Kriging代理模型并检验其精度,利用静力位移、试验模态参数构造目标函数,对该桥进行模型修正。结果表明:与标准稳态遗传算法(SSGA)相比,DSSGA算法能够提供目标函数在搜索域的全局最优解和更多组局部最优解,有效避免SSGA算法角度机制所产生的解集不完整的局限性,且全局最优解的目标函数值更小,具有更高的搜索效率。经过模型修正,所有测点的位移相对误差控制在10%以内,频率相对误差控制在5%以内,修正后模型的预测精度大幅度提升。修正后的模型可作为该桥的基准有限元模型,用于后续桥梁健康监测与状态评估。

Dynamic Reliability Assessment of Heavy Vehicle Crossing a Prototype Bridge Deck by Using Simulation Technology and Health Monitoring Data

Overloads of vehicle may cause damage to bridge structures,and how to assess the safety influence of heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge is one of the challenges.In this report,using a large amount of monitored data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)in service of the prototype bridge,of which the bridge type is large-span continuous rigid frame bridge,and adopting FEM simulation technique,we suggested a dynamic reliability assessment method in the report to assess the safety impact of heavy vehicles on the prototype bridge during operation.In the first place,by using the health monitored strain data,of which the selected monitored data time range is before the opening of traffic,the quasi dynamic reliability around the embedded sensor with no traffic load effects is obtained;then,with FEM technology,the FEM simulation model of one main span of the prototype bridge is built by using ANSYS software and then the dynamic reliability when the heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge corresponding to the middle-span web plate is comprehensively analyzed and discussed.At last,assuming that the main beam stress state change is in the stage of approximately linear elasticity under heavy vehicle loads impact,the authors got the impact level of heavy vehicles effects on the dynamic reliability of the prototype bridge.Based on a large number of field measured data,the dynamic reliability value calculated by our proposed methodology is more accurate.The method suggested in the paper can do good for not only the traffic management but also the damage analysis of bridges.

梁-墩-桩基的动力特性研究

对大跨度桥的连续刚构部分 ,应用有限元法建立了三维梁 墩 桩的力学模型 ,采用大型工程软件对其进行动力特性分析。首先对桩基模型进行合理简化 ,建立了桩基空间计算模型并计算其动力特性。其次建立刚构桥的动力分析模型 ,并对无桩、有桩基不考虑土对桩振动的影响和考虑桩土相互作用的计算模型的计算结果加以分析比较。结果表明 ,桥梁体系的第三阶频率主要受高墩的影响 。

桩-土-结构相互作用对大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥地震响应影响研究

以广州新光大桥为例,研究软弱分层土、较软分层土、较硬分层土和岩石地基与群桩相互作用下大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥动力特性以及地震响应。研究表明在各种地震时程激励下,不同地基土对大跨度连续刚架钢桁拱桥拱肋以及V形刚架的内力和位移影响很大。随着地基土刚度的增加,在横桥向、顺桥向和竖向地震激励下,主拱肋和边拱肋上弦杆、V形刚架靠边跨斜腿轴力基本呈递减趋势,而V形刚架面内和面外弯矩随地基土刚度变化的规律性不强。

基于车-桥系统耦合振动理论的大跨PC连续刚构桥冲击系数研究

在分析车-桥系统耦合振动研究资料的基础上,推导了基于自身假设条件下的车-桥系统耦合振动的运动方程组。利用VC++编制了可用于车-桥系统耦合振动分析的专业程序CQZD。以2座大桥为例,分析了桥梁基频对大跨PC连续刚构桥冲击系数的影响,并将算例中的冲击系数计算结果同按规范JTG D60—2004计算的结果进行了比较。结果表明:桥梁基频对冲击系数的影响比较显著,冲击系数随基频的降低而降低。

收缩徐变作用下铁路连续刚构桥-轨道系统受力特性

通过建立(72+128+72)m高速铁路大跨度连续刚构桥-双线无砟轨道系统仿真模型,揭示收缩徐变作用下大跨度连续刚构桥与轨道相互作用规律,分析收缩徐变模式、混凝土养护条件等主要设计参数对系统受力和变形的影响,探讨采用整体升温代替收缩徐变效应计算的可行性。研究表明:随着服役时间的延长,收缩徐变作用下系统的受力与变形逐渐增大;采用梁体降温30℃计算的钢轨应力和竖向位移无法包络收缩徐变效应引起的钢轨应力和位移,《高速铁路设计规范》中建议采用整体降温10℃来模拟收缩徐变的方法并不适用于梁-轨相互作用分析。

考虑桩-土相互作用的连续刚构桥车桥耦合振动分析

针对某高速铁路上一座位于软弱地基处的连续刚构桥,为研究考虑桩-土相互作用对上部结构和车辆动力响应的准确影响,避免由于桩顶横向位移和弯曲的耦合作用带来的误差,建立包含桩基础的整体桥梁模型(全桩模型),对比以往常用的墩底固结模型和在承台底施加弹簧约束的模型(等效刚度模型)。计算分析了三种模型的自振特性,使用桥梁动力分析程序BDAP V2.0分别进行动力仿真分析。对比分析表明:考虑桩-土相互作用对桥梁横向振动有较大影响,其中横向动位移显著增大,最大误差达31%,而横向加速度降低;全桩模型由于考虑了桩-土相互作用以及横向位移和弯曲的耦合作用,比墩底固结模型和等效刚度模型要合理;高速铁路桥梁位于软弱地基处且具有高桩承台时,应采用考虑桩-土-上部结构动力相互作用的有限元模型进行车桥动力仿真分析。

非规则大跨刚构-连续组合桥地震易损性分析

以某西部山区薄壁大跨刚构-连续组合桥梁为研究对象,分析了非规则大跨刚构-连续组合桥梁纵、横向地震易损性。基于OpenSees平台,建立了其非线性纤维有限元模型。采用曲率作为墩柱损伤指标,位移作为活动盆式支座损伤指标,基于IDA方法分析了该桥在不同地震动下的动态响应,得到桥墩纵、横向地震动作用下的曲率包络图,分析了不同桥墩构造的破坏情况,建立了墩柱以及支座的易损性曲线,讨论了不同墩高对桥墩地震易损性的影响。结果表明:桥墩的纵向地震损伤概率大于横向损伤概率,且墩高越高损伤概率越小;支座横向地震损伤概率大于纵向损伤概率。其研究结果可为非规则刚构-连续组合桥梁的抗震设计提供参考和依据。