Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

Load Test Analysis and Research on Long-Span Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge

Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating and establishing a finite element model,and comparative analysis was carried out with the measured values.The results show that the calculated values were basically consistent with the measured values,which showed that the establishment method of the model was reasonable,and the mechanical performance of the bridge met the service requirements of the designed live load.

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

Seismic analysis of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges in cold regions:a case study of Bridge 1 in north of international tourism resort in Changbai Mountain

It is helpful to improve the seismic design theory of long-span continuous bridges for studying the seismic performance of each cantilever construction state.Taking the Bridge 1 in the north of Changbai-Mountain international tourism resort as an example,the authors studied it in shutdown phase and the cantilever construction process,established the simulation model by using Midas / civil,and analyzed time-history of each construction stage for the bridge.The study shows that long-span bridge cantilever construction in northeastern China can be divided into two-year tasks for construction(suspending in winter).It is needed to think about seismic stability of the cantilever position in shut-down phase of winter.The effect of longitudinal vibration is the most disadvantageous influence to bridge,and its calculation results can provide reference for seismic design of similar bridges in the future.

Analytical Research on Deformation Monitoring of Large Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge during Operation

Based on a large span continuous rigid frame bridge in Chongqing of China, the main pier vertical displacement and deviation, the bridge deck alignment and the expansion joint deformation are analytically researched during operation. Firstly, the monitoring content and method of the large span continuous rigid frame bridge are clearly stated. Secondly, by finite element software Midas Civil, the relevant deformation values of the bridge are calculated. Thirdly, in practice, the relevant deformation values of the bridge are measured. Finally, the measured values in practice are compared with the calculated ones by the finite element software Midas Civil, finding that the former is less than the latter, and it can be concluded that the bridge is basically in the normal working condition. In this paper, the analytical research on the deformation monitoring can provide the basis for similar bridges, which has good practical significance.

Stability Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin-Wall Pier

During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-span continuous rigid frame bridge in Wuhan, the longest span stability coefficient is calculated with linear-buckling and nonlinear-buckling methods, respectively. The influences of both geometrical nonlinearity and the dual nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear solution is necessary to stability analysis because linear buckling loads are much higher than those of nonlinear buckling. Thus, the edge fiber yield criterion is more convenient and faster than ultimate loading criterion when estimating nonlinear stability of structure, and can be used easily in the initial engineering design.

高速铁路跨度250 m级连续刚构桥长波不平顺控制研究

连续刚构桥随着跨度增加,其收缩徐变、温度等引起的桥面变形随之增加,导致轨道长波不平顺加剧,进而可能对列车走行性产生不利影响。以一座试设计主跨250 m高速铁路连续刚构桥为研究对象,建立有限元模型,依据规范检算桥梁的强度和刚度,同时计算由于混凝土收缩徐变、温度效应等引起的桥面附加变形。采用“车-线-桥”动力仿真软件分析由于桥面附加变形导致的轨道长波不平顺对列车动力响应的影响。选用中点弦测法作为评价指标,通过相关性分析选出最优弦测长度,最后计算出最优弦长下连续刚构的桥面变形和等效不平顺限值。研究结果表明:横、竖向桥面附加变形均出现在桥梁的跨中截面;当附加变形增加到1.9倍,列车以速度350 km/h通过连续刚构时,车辆的竖向加速度首先达到限值1.3 m/s^(2);采用弦长为60 m的中点弦测法与车辆响应匹配性最好,适用于评价连续刚构的长波不平顺;连续刚构的桥面附加变形和等效不平顺60 m弦中点弦测值分别为7.2 mm和14.5 mm,对应限值建议分别为7 mm和14 mm。

Time-varying Reliability Analysis of Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame bridge under Cantilever Construction Stage based on the Monitored Strain Data

In general,the material properties,loads,resistance of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge in different construction stages are time-varying.So,it is essential to monitor the internal force state when the bridge is in construction.Among them,how to assess the safety is one of the challenges.As the continuous monitoring over a long-term period can increase the reliability of the assessment,so,based on a large number of monitored strain data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)during construction,a calculation method of the punctiform time-varying reliability is proposed in this paper to evaluate the stress state of this type bridge in cantilever construction stage by using the basic reliability theory.At the same time,the optimal stress distribution function in the bridge mid-span base plate is determined when the bridge is closed.This method can provide basis and direction for the internal force control of this type bridge in construction process.So,it can reduce the bridge safety and quality accidents in construction stages.

分次浇筑混凝土对超大型0号块托架力学性能的影响

为研究分次浇筑混凝土厚度对超大型0号块托架受力情况的影响,以某在建大跨度连续刚构桥主梁0号块施工为依托,利用Midas Civil有限元软件建立了考虑分次浇筑混凝土参与受力的超大型0号块托架的三维模型,并在不同荷载组合下对其进行了受力分析,评估其在不同工况下的受力状态和安全性能。结果表明,理论计算确定的分次浇筑厚度7.0和14.2 m满足实际施工需要;分次浇筑混凝土参与受力的超大型0号块托架结构,其各杆件的承载能力、变形及整体稳定性均满足现场施工及施工规范要求,保证了0号块混凝土的施工质量,节约了托架材料用量。同时也为类似的0号块托架设计提供理论参考。

Maintenance Management Research of a Large-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Reliability Assessment by Using Strain Monitored Data

When the bridge components needing maintenance are the world problem at present,and the health monitoring system is considered to be a very help­ful tool for solving this problem.In this paper,a large number of strain data acquired from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)installed on a continuous rigid frame bridge are adopted to do reliability assessment.Firstly,a calculation method of punctiform time-dependent reliability is proposed based on the basic reliability theory,and introduced how to cal­culate reliability of the bridge by using the stress data transformed from the strain data.Secondly,combined with“Three Sigma”principle and the basic pressure safety reserve requirement,the critical load effects distribu­tion function of the bridge is defined,and then the maintenance reliability threshold for controlling the unfavorable load state which appears in the early operation stage of this type bridge is suggested,and then the combi­nation of bridge maintenance management and health monitoring system is realized.Finally,the transformed stress distribution certifies that the load effects of concrete bridges practically have a normal distribution;as for the concrete continuous rigid frame bridge with C50 strength grade concrete,the retrofit reliability threshold should be valued at 6.13.The methodology suggested in this article can help bridge engineers do effective maintenance of bridges,which can effectively extend the service life of the bridge and bring better economic and social benefits.

高墩连续刚构桥0^(#)-1^(#)块托架反力架预压施工技术

为解决传统的物料堆载预压方式对高墩大跨连续刚构0^(#)-1^(#)块进行加压存在高空作业不安全、难以实施以及复杂性大等问题,以银昆高速新建工程友联红河特大桥高墩连续刚构0^(#)-1^(#)块为例,对预压施工的特点、难点和改进措施进行了分析,并提出了一种适用于高墩大跨连续刚构0^(#)-1^(#)块托架反力架预压施工技术即在桥梁墩顶和墩旁埋设承重托架,并设置观测点和反力架,对托架进行反向荷载预压。此外还需要布设分配梁,以实现荷载的均衡分配。

Effect of concrete creep on pre-camber of continuous rigid-frame bridge

The effect of concrete creep on the pre-camber of a long-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridge constructed by cantilever casting method was investigated.The difference of creep coefficients calculated with two Chinese codes was discussed.Based on the calculations,the pre-camber of a pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame box bridge was computed for construction control purpose.The results show that the short-term creep coefficient and long-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 are larger than those calculated with the CC-2004,while the medium-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 is smaller than that calculated with the CC-2004.The difference of creep deformation calculated with these two codes is small,and the influences of concrete creep on the pre-camber for most of the segments are negligible.The deflections and stresses of the box girder measured during the construction stages agree very well with the predictions.

大跨度连续刚构桥0#、1#块托架钢绞线反拉预压施工技术

连续刚构桥0#、1#块采用托架法施工较为常见,而0#、1#块是全桥施工的基础段,其主要特征为截面高以及重量大,故在托架安装完成后必须对其进行预压,以验证其安全性,并得到托架的变形数据,从而设置预拱度。结合工程实例,通过介绍连续刚构桥0#、1#块托架钢绞线反拉预压施工技术,着重描述钢绞线和精轧螺纹钢的选定、钢绞线反拉预压系统的安装以及钢绞线张拉加压、持荷和卸载的措施,得到了科学有效的托架变形数据,为该桥预拱度的设置提供了依据,也为今后类似桥梁工程施工提供参考。

300 m空腹式连续刚构桥合龙顶推监测技术

针对高墩大跨度空腹式连续刚构桥为改善后期主墩受力状态,需在中跨合龙前对合龙口进行顶推的问题,分析顶推过程中的线形、应力监测的现状,强调在仿真计算过程中需对整体刚度进行修正,支座预偏值也要对理论计算值进行修正。结果表明,中跨合龙顶推监测技术在工程实际应用中是完全可行的。

大跨高墩连续刚构桥0、1号块同步施工安全技术措施研究

针对当前高墩大跨连续刚构桥0号块与1号块分段悬臂施工效率低,存在安全风险大,有诸多安全隐患的问题,论文提出一种利用“三角托架+预埋钢牛腿”形式的托架进行施工,介绍该施工方式的施工流程,并针对施工过程中存在的安全隐患提出相应的安全技术措施,包括建立安全组织机构和安全制度、重视施工用电及施工设备使用安全、重视高空作业安全等,最终实现两个号块的同步施工。

65 m+110 m+65 m连续刚构计算分析

某特大桥中65 m+110 m+65 m连续刚构采用预应力变截面混凝土箱梁,文章阐述了该桥的箱梁构造、预应力钢束的布置,并结合相应的施工工艺,采用桥梁结构有限元软件Midas Civil对该桥进行建模分析,以保证其设计安全、合理。

超高墩连续刚构0#块托架设计与施工研究——以芦沟河特大桥左幅7#墩为例

合理的托架设计是连续刚构施工的重要保障。以芦沟河特大桥(96+5×180+96)m连续刚构施工为研究背景,以左幅7#墩上的0#块托架设计施工为研究对象,运用Midas Civil有限元软件对0#块托架设计进行分析检算,结果显示:薄壁空心墩0#块支架的强度、刚度及稳定性均满足要求。

连续刚构桥聚酯纤维混凝土0号块受力性能研究

为研究聚酯纤维混凝土连续刚构桥0号块箱梁的空间受力,文中以江西省枇杷洲右溪聚酯纤维混凝土连续刚构桥为背景,建立全桥有限元模型及0号块箱梁实体模型,通过对比桥梁施工过程中关键截面的监测应力验证模型准确性,进而分析最大悬臂与成桥工况下0号块箱梁的应力变化规律。结果表明,聚酯纤维掺入后的0号块箱梁在2种工况下,顶、底板顺桥向应力变化规律一致且应力分布均匀;2种工况下,顶板应力变化幅度不超过2.5 MPa,底板变化幅度约为1 MPa;此外,箱梁横隔板部分位置出现拉应力,最大拉应力为0.305 MPa,需加强横隔板位置处配筋。

昌景黄高铁(90+200+90) m连续刚构拱桥设计

结合昌景黄高铁(90+200+90)m连续刚构拱桥施工图设计,对主梁、拱肋、吊杆、桥墩等主要构件的设计过程进行分析研究。采用有限元软件MIDAS/Civil建立计算模型,对3种梁高及4种底板厚方案进行比选,从满足主力工况最小强度安全系数及主梁受压区高度不超限等方面考虑,确定主梁中支点处梁高11.5 m,底板厚1.5 m;对3种拱肋截面尺寸方案进行比选,从满足拱肋强度、稳定性要求及经济性等方面考虑,拱肋截面高采用3.3 m较为合理;结合本桥纵、横、竖三向预应力布置工作,总结大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构拱桥的预应力钢束布置特点;拱脚附近拱肋混凝土局部拉应力超限,通过局部布置纵向钢筋进行解决。计算结果表明,主梁、拱肋、吊杆、桥墩等构件的强度、应力、变形及稳定性等各项指标均满足相关规范要求。

城际铁路4×40m连续刚构桥与无缝线路相互作用研究

为探究多联连续刚构桥与无缝线路相互作用规律,研究梁轨相互作用,建立城际铁路4×40 m连续刚构桥与无缝线路有限元计算模型,分析不同体系刚度、桥墩沉降对钢轨纵向力、扣件垂向力、桥墩附加力的影响。研究结果表明:刚构桥体系刚度增加有利于无缝线路受力,随着体系纵向刚度的增加,无缝线路伸缩力与制动力均降低,制动力所受的影响更大,伸缩力所受影响不明显。温度工况下路桥过渡处桥墩受附加力最不利,其余联桥墩附加力基本相同;断轨工况下断轨所在两联桥墩受力最不利,桥墩附加力向远端逐渐衰减。钢轨与扣件受力随着桥墩沉降量的增加而线性增大,次边墩沉降引起的扣件拉力值更大,在运营过程中应重点关注。研究成果可为多联4×40 m连续刚构桥铺设无缝线路提供理论指导。