Dynamic finite element model updating of prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge

The dynamic finite element model （FEM） of a prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge, called the Tongyang Canal Bridge, is built and updated based on the results of ambient vibration testing （AVT） using a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm （RAGA）. The objective functions are defined based on natural frequency and modal assurance criterion （MAC） metrics to evaluate the updated FEM. Two objective functions are defined to fully account for the relative errors and standard deviations of the natural frequencies and MAC between the AVT results and the updated FEM predictions. The dynamically updated FEM of the bridge can better represent its structural dynamics and serve as a baseline in long-term health monitoring, condition assessment and damage identification over the service life of the bridge .

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete(NC)composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam(CCB)bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports.This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC)layer.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region,field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge.The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics(cracking resistance,economy,durability,and constructability).In the field investigation,strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck,rebar,and steel beam in the negative bending moment region,as well as mid-span deflection,were measured under different load cases.Also,a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results.The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results.This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.

Seismic performance of fabricated continuous girder bridge with grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite connections

The seismic performance of a fully fabricated bridge is a key factor limiting its application.In this study,a fiber element model of a fabricated concrete pier with grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite connections was built and verified.A numerical analysis of three types of continuous girder bridges was conducted with different piers:a cast-in-place reinforced concrete pier,a grouting sleeve-fabricated pier,and a grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite fabricated pier.Furthermore,the seismic performance of the composite fabricated pier was investigated.The results show that the OpenSees fiber element model can successfully simulate the hysteresis behavior and failure mode of the grouted sleeve-fabricated pier.Under traditional non-near-fault ground motions,the pier top displacements of the grouting sleeve-fabricated pier and the composite fabricated pier were less than those of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete pier.The composite fabricated pier had a good self-centering capability.In addition,the plastic hinge zones of the grouting sleeve-fabricated pier and the composite fabricated pier shifted to the joint seam and upper edge of the grouting sleeve,respectively.The composite fabricated pier with optimal design parameters has good seismic performance and can be applied in high-intensity seismic areas;however,the influence of pile-soil interaction on its seismic performance should not be ignored.

Refined analysis and construction parameter calculation for full-span erection of the continuous steel box girder bridge with long cantilevers

To accurately control the full-span erection of continuous steel box girder bridges with complex cross-sections and long cantilevers, both the augmented finite element method(A-FEM) and the degenerated plate elements are adopted in this paper. The entire construction process is simulated by the A-FEM with the mesh-separation-based approximation technique, while the degenerated plate elements are constructed based on 3D isoparametric elements, making it suitable for analysis of a thin-walled structure. This method significantly improves computational efficiency by avoiding numerous degrees of freedom(DoFs) when analyzing complex structures. With characteristics of the full-span erection technology, the end-face angle of adjacent girder segments, the preset distance of girder segments from the design position, and the temperature difference are selected as control parameters, and they are calculated through the structural response of each construction stage. Engineering practice shows that the calculation accuracy of A-FEM is verified by field-measured results. It can be applied rapidly and effectively to evaluate the matching state of girder segments and the stress state of bearings as well as the thermal effect during full-span erection.

简支波形腹板钢箱组合截面与传统截面箱梁桥抗震性能对比分析

为研究波形腹板钢箱-混凝土组合梁桥(CW-SBCCGB)与传统箱梁桥抗震性能的异同,基于截面等效原理,根据某实际工程CW-SBCCGB的单箱截面,等效出波形腹板混凝土箱梁桥(CW-CBGB)和混凝土箱梁桥(CBGB)的单箱截面,再结合动力分析理论和ABAQUS有限元模型对比分析3种截面简支梁桥动力特性和抗震性能的不同。结果表明:3种截面简支梁桥前五阶振型不变,CW-CBGB和CBGB前三阶频率相比于CW-SBCCGB有所下降,但相差不超过1Hz,第四阶及以后频率差异逐渐变大;剪滞效应对CW-SBCCGB和CW-CBGB动力特性影响较大,对CBGB影响较小;在纵桥向+竖桥向和横桥向+竖桥向地震作用下,CW-SBCCGB和CBGB的墩顶位移和跨中位移均大于CW-CBGB结构,CW-SBCCGB主梁跨中截面剪力最小,CW-CBGB跨中截面弯矩最小,说明CW-SBCCGB和CW-CBGB的抗震性能均优于CBGB的抗震性能。

波形钢腹板-钢底板组合箱梁耐火极限与设计

研究目的:近年来交通量的增加,由车辆碰撞或易燃物品运输车辆引起的桥梁火灾时有发生,不容忽视。为了解火灾下波形钢腹板-钢底板组合箱梁的火灾响应,采用ANSYS建立三维热-力耦合分析模型,分析火灾下组合箱梁温度场分布状态与抗弯承载力衰变规律,研究不同受火场景对组合箱梁耐火极限的影响,提出抗火设计方法。研究结论:(1)火灾下组合箱梁截面抗弯承载力呈三阶段发展;不同受火范围下跨中挠度随受火时间延长均呈两阶段发展;随着受火长度的增加,组合箱梁挠度增长幅度越大,受火初期受热弯曲效应作用越显著;(2)与抗力准则相比,采用挠度破坏准则判定组合箱梁的耐火极限较安全;(3)在组合箱梁底板增设不同类型的加劲肋形式,均可提高组合箱梁的耐火极限,当加劲肋材料用量相同时,与增设通长加劲肋相比,增设底板局部加劲肋对组合箱梁的耐火极限改善效果更好;(4)本研究成果可为波形钢腹板-钢底板组合箱梁的耐火极限理论分析与抗火设计提供参考。

波形腹板钢箱-混凝土组合梁横向内力计算与分析

为精确分析波形腹板钢箱-混凝土组合梁(SBCCGCW)的横向内力,考虑波形钢腹板特性和箱梁的畸变效应,利用框架分析法推导SBCCGCW的横向弯矩计算公式;通过两座实桥横向弯矩的有限元和实测结果对所提公式的正确性进行验证;对SBCCGCW横向内力的影响因素进行研究,并根据有限元分析结果提出SBCCGCW横向内力的简化计算公式。结果表明:利用所提公式获取的横向弯矩值与有限元结果和实测结果吻合较好,误差在10%以内;横隔板会大幅度减少荷载作用点处的横向弯矩;宽高比、混凝土顶板厚度、荷载作用位置对混凝土顶板横向弯矩的影响较大,钢底板厚度变化对混凝土顶板横向弯矩的影响较小。研究成果可为SBCCGCW的横向内力计算与分析提供参考。

随机车流下波形腹板组合箱梁桥疲劳寿命评估

为研究运营期内波形腹板组合梁桥的疲劳安全问题,基于WIM系统实测车辆荷载数据对桥梁疲劳寿命进行评估。利用某高速公路桥梁WIM系统实测车流数据建立随机车流模型,运用ANSYS有限元软件分析随机车流作用下波形腹板组合箱梁桥的疲劳应力,通过疲劳寿命评估方法评估波形腹板组合箱梁桥疲劳寿命,并探讨车流量变化对疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明:在随机车流作用下,波形腹板组合箱梁桥钢底板与波纹腹板焊缝相同折角处的应力值内侧比外侧大,导致内侧的疲劳损伤比外侧大,疲劳寿命较短;车流量变化对桥梁的疲劳损伤影响较大,随运营时间的增长,桥梁的疲劳寿命快速下降。因此,在运营期内需对桥梁运行车辆采取一定的限流限载措施。

超宽组合梁剪力滞效应分析

超宽组合梁宽高比很大,在弯矩作用下超宽组合梁的力学特性与普通梁较为不同,目前相关技术规范尚缺乏关于超宽梁有效宽度的系统化公式。为了深入分析在弯矩作用下超宽组合梁剪力滞效应引起的正应力分布不均的特征,以深汕大桥为工程背景,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立跨中15道中横梁梁段52.5m空间壳单元有限元简支梁体系模型和采用Midas civil建立空间杆系单元全桥模型,分析在自重、车道荷载、人群荷载和吊杆杆力作用下跨中截面顶、底板和1/4跨截面顶板的正应力和剪力滞系数的分布规律。分析结果表明,超宽组合梁在荷载作用下,结构受力存在明显的剪力滞效应,目前相关技术规范关于翼缘有效宽度计算公式的安全系数比实际高1.21~1.63倍。

某单箱三室连续梁桥静载试验研究

为测试某单箱三室连续梁桥整体受力特点,检验桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形是否满足在正常使用状态下的设计要求,通过Midas/Civil对该桥进行有限元分析,并进行了静载试验研究,测试在静载试验下,各控制截面的应变状态和整体挠度,试验结果表明,各控制截面应变与挠度值实测结果与理论结果基本一致,且与之对应的校验系数在规定范围内,该桥强度和刚度均满足设计要求,桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形在正常使用状态下均符合设计要求;在加载试验前后,对测试截面附近进行了裂缝观测,没有发现新增裂缝,试验桥跨结构承载力满足设计荷载标准要求。

公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式研究--以赣江公铁大桥西支主桥设计为例

以赣江公铁两用大桥西支主桥设计为例,研究一种适应上层8车道公路、下层对称双线铁路+4车道公路混合布置的主梁断面形式。提出带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面、带挑臂单索面箱桁组合断面、矩形箱桁组合断面、矩形钢桁梁断面4种主梁断面方案,采用有限元软件分析各方案静动力性能及受力特点,综合考虑方案构造特点、技术指标、工程数量、公铁运营安全、景观效果等,确定该桥选用带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面。该桥斜拉索最大索力16000 kN,锚固在下层钢箱梁两侧,通过有限元实体分析对锚拉板和钢锚箱式两种索梁锚固形式进行比选研究,钢锚箱形式受力合理、应力水平低、经济性好,设计采用钢锚箱形式。带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面桥面空间布置合理、下层公铁行车干扰小、梁端竖向变形最小、经济性好,是一种适应公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式。

连续刚构箱形-双薄壁组合式主墩及其刚度匹配设计方法

文章针对因受到建设条件制约而不得不采用主墩高度相差较大的连续刚构桥梁,应用箱形-双薄壁组合式桥墩作为主墩结构,提出了对应的主墩刚度匹配设计方法,并对刚度计算过程进行了推导,得到了组合式桥墩墩顶顺桥向抗推集成刚度的计算公式,用实桥计算示例对提出的主墩设计和传统设计的结果进行了对比。结果表明,文章提出的箱形-双薄壁组合式主墩刚度匹配设计方法能有效地避免主墩高度差引起的内力不均匀分配问题,从而改善高、低主墩连续刚构桥梁在温度、制动力等水平荷载下的力学表现,提高结构的抗震性能。

钢箱梁横隔板优化布置对顶推施工力学性能的影响分析

针对斜交连续钢箱梁的横隔板布置方式,提出在钢箱梁斜交支撑位置处加密设置正交横隔板,通过建立钢箱梁的有限元全桥模型,对不同横隔板布置方案进行了对比分析。在顶推最不利工况下,分析了不同横隔板布置方案下的结构内力、挠度、支座反力、局部应力及扭转变形,验证了新型横隔板布置方案的可行性。结果表明,新型横隔板布置方案与常规布置方案在支座反力及弯矩分布上基本一致,优势主要体现在易于加工制造、整体自重较小且能显著减小支撑区域应力水平。新型斜交连续钢箱梁横隔板优化布置方式在顶推施工中满足强度设计要求。

赤壁长江公路大桥主桥4号桥塔墩结合梁墩顶节段施工技术

赤壁长江公路大桥主桥为(90+240+720+240+90)m钢-混结合梁斜拉桥,主梁分为121个节段,由双边箱截面钢主梁、横梁、小纵梁等组成,4号桥塔墩墩顶钢梁共3个节段,考虑枯水期施工边跨侧滩地外露,采用浮吊拼装+墩顶拖拉法施工。桥塔墩设置墩旁支架辅助钢梁架设,墩旁支架采用简易支架,设计为分离直立柱结构,避免了传统斜立柱支架体系结构复杂且受限于围堰尺寸的影响;墩旁支架设置钢梁拖拉系统及钢梁姿态调节装置,以实现钢梁的拼装、纵移和姿态调整。墩顶钢梁利用浮吊在中跨侧依次拼装单节段钢梁杆件后向边跨侧分次拖拉,墩顶钢梁全部就位后,采用竖向调节装置通过“顶落梁”工艺精调钢梁高程和横向调节装置对钢梁横向偏位进行纠偏,保证墩顶节段姿态满足设计要求。借助主梁永久结构简化塔区临时约束设计,抵抗风荷载、施工不平衡荷载和不平衡索力造成的钢梁平动和转动,确保主梁悬臂节段施工安全。

桥梁顶升施工有限元分析

山东省青岛市辽阳路桥是一座预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥。为实现与新建桥梁的衔接,现需该桥的46#桥梁顶升655~1218mm。利用ANSYS软件建立46#桥梁有限元计算模型,分析其在同步顶升工况、千斤顶失效工况下,顶升至最高点时所需的最大顶升力以及箱梁桥和分配梁的受力和变形情况,以确保桥梁顶升过程中的安全性。结果表明桥梁在两类工况下,均具有较大的安全储备,可保障桥梁顶升过程中的安全可行性。研究成果可为其他同类型桥梁顶升施工工程提供案例参考。

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥主梁设计

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥总长6.05 km,分布于伶仃洋大桥及中山大桥2座通航孔桥两侧。泄洪区非通航孔桥采用等跨连续梁布置,4~6跨一联。主梁设计过程中,首先进行110、120、130 m三种跨径方案比选,确定采用最经济的110 m跨径方案。然后针对结构形式,提出预应力混凝土梁、钢-混组合梁和钢箱梁3种方案,从力学性能、经济性和施工风险等方面综合考虑,最终推荐采用钢箱梁方案。钢箱梁采用外形简洁流畅的封闭式断面,有利于后期维养;考虑全线景观效果,主梁高度取4 m,高跨比为1/27.5;横隔板间距取2.5 m,采用实腹式横隔板和框架式横肋的组合式设计,使箱室内部通透性更好;钢箱梁采用Q420qD钢和Q345qD钢2种材料。钢箱梁施工采用适合海上长大桥梁的大节段预制+现场拼装的施工方案。

昌九高铁扬子洲赣江公铁大桥西支主桥方案比选

昌九高铁扬子洲赣江公铁大桥西支主桥为承载时速350 km高速铁路的大跨度公铁合建桥,主跨320 m,公铁混层对称布置,下层桥面中间布置双线无砟轨道高速铁路、两侧布置双向4车道城市主干路,上层桥面布置双向8车道城市快速路。结合桥址区建设条件,对跨径布置为(64+128+320+128+64)m箱桁组合梁斜拉桥和钢桁架拱桥2种桥型方案进行对比,结果表明箱桁组合梁斜拉桥受力明确,具有较好的施工稳定性和良好的经济性,为选定方案。针对扇形双索面密索体系、扇形双索面稀索体系和竖琴形双索面密索体系3种体系斜拉桥方案,从结构受力性能、施工难度、经济性、景观性等方面进行综合分析,最终选择受力合理、施工简便、经济性优、景观效果好的竖琴形双索面斜拉桥方案。桥塔采用花瓶形构造,主梁采用中间双桁、带挑臂的箱桁组合截面,结构受力合理,具有优良的整体性和结构刚度。

两跨独柱墩曲线连续钢箱梁抗倾覆设计方法

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