Electrokinetic-mechanism of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds immense industrial potential in optics,cosmetics,polymers,and food.Herein,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam(NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes via in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PLIL)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),respectively.Simultaneous oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PLIL offer distinct advantages for enhancing both the OER and FOR.CoO/NiO/NF electrocatalyst provides a consistently low overpotential of~359 m V(OER)at 10 m A/cm^(2),achieving the maximum FA yield(~16.37 m M)with 61.5%selectivity,79.5%carbon balance,and a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode).Mechanistic pathway via in situ electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF reveals the involvement of phase transition intermediates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-active centers during electrochemical oxidation.The carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA products.This method holds promise for large-scale applications,enabling simultaneous production of renewable building materials and fuel.

Memristive feature and mechanism induced by laser-doping in defect-free 2D semiconductor materials

Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS_(2) device(on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS_(2)(about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2×10^(4) s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.

Investigations on MoS_(2)plasma by infra-red pulsed laser irradiation in high vacuum

MoS_(2)targets were irradiated by infra-red(IR)pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters,atomic,molecular and ion emission,and angular and charge state distributions.In this way,pulsed laser deposition(PLD)of thin films on graphene oxide substrates was also realized.An Nd:YAG laser,operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with a 5 ns pulse duration and up to a 1 J pulse energy,in a single pulse or at a 10 Hz repetition rate,was employed.Ablation yield was measured as a function of the laser fluence.Plasma was characterized using different analysis techniques,such as time-of-flight measurements,quadrupole mass spectrometry and fast CCD visible imaging.The so-produced films were characterized by composition,thickness,roughness,wetting ability,and morphology.When compared to the MoS_(2)targets,they show a slight decrease of S with respect to Mo,due to higher ablation yield,low fusion temperature and high sublimation in vacuum.The pulsed IR laser deposited Mo Sx(with 1<x<2)films are uniform,with a thickness of about 130 nm,a roughness of about 50 nm and a higher wettability than the MoS_(2)targets.Some potential applications of the pulsed IR laser-deposited Mo Sx films are also presented and discussed.

Low Power Consumption Distributed-Feedback Quantum Cascade Lasers Operating in Continuous-Wave Mode above 90℃ at λ～7.2μm

We report on the design and fabrication of λ-7.2μm distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers lot very high temperature cw operation and low electrical power consumption. The cw operation is reported above 90℃. For a 2-mm-long and 10-μm-wide laser coated with high-reflectivity on the rear facet, more than 170mW of output power is obtained at 20℃ with a threshold power consumption of 2.4 W, corresponding to 30mW with a threshold power consumption of 3.9 W at 90℃. Robust single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio above 25 dB is continuously tunable by the heat sink temperature or injection current.

High-Power Continuous-Wave and Acousto-Optical Q-Switched Ho:(Sc_(0.5)Y_(0.5))_2SiO_5 Laser Pumped by Laser Diode

We experimentally investigate the continuous-wave(cw)and acousto-optical(AO)Q-switched performance of a diode-pumped Ho:(Sc_(0.5)Y_(0.5))_2SiO_5(Ho:SYSO)laser.A fiber-coupled laser diode at 1.91m is employed as the pump source.The cw Ho:SYSO laser produces 13.0 W output power at 2097.9 nm and 56.0%slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power.In the AO Q-switched regime,at a pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz,the Ho:SYSO laser yields 2.1 mJ pulse energy and 21 ns pulse width,resulting in a calculated peak power of 100 k W.In addition,at the maximum output level,the beam quality factor of the Q-switched Ho:SYSO laser is measured to be about 1.6.

Two-Photon Transitions of ^(85)Rb 5D_(5/2) State by Using an Optical Frequency Comb and a Continuous-Wave Laser

A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 → 5D5/2 transitions in a thermal SSRb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P3/2 → 5S1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S1/2 ground state to 5P3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings （Ff = 2-5） of the 5D5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of SSRb vapor eel1 are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.

基于ICESat-2多波束激光测高数据的全球海洋重力异常反演分析

卫星测高技术是获取精细海洋重力数据的重要技术手段之一。常规卫星测高反演海洋重力异常主要是利用沿轨测高数据,而跨轨数据因较长的时间间隔或者稀疏的地面轨间距往往不能用于海洋重力异常反演,进而影响了海洋重力异常模型精度的进一步改善。新型激光测高ICESat-2能够同时获得3对光束观测数据,相邻激光束的地面间距约为3 km,为结合跨轨数据改善海洋重力异常模型提供了可能。本文首先给出了集成沿轨和跨轨数据反演海洋重力异常的处理策略;然后,分别利用沿轨数据和集成的数据构建了ICESat-2全球海洋重力异常模型(IS2Gra_alo和IS2Gra_alo_acr),结果表明通过补充跨轨数据能够有效提高沿轨数据反演海洋重力异常的精度,并验证了ICESat-2测高数据反演全球海洋重力异常的可靠性。此外,本文还探讨了ICESat-2不同跨轨数据组合对海洋重力异常模型反演精度的影响,在沿轨数据的基础上集成适当距离的跨轨观测数据能够有利于改善海洋重力异常模型的精度。本文研究为后续SWOT宽刈幅测高数据和我国双星跟飞模式测高数据反演海洋重力异常模型提供了参考意义。

点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗面部外伤缝合后瘢痕临床观察

目的:探究点阵CO_(2)激光联合富血小板血浆(Platelet-rich plasma,PRP)治疗面部外伤缝合后瘢痕的效果。方法:选择2020年3月-2022年3月笔者医院收治的152例面部外伤患者,按随机数字表法分为激光组50例、PRP组51例和联合组51例。激光组采用超脉冲CO_(2)点阵激光治疗,PRP组采用PRP微针注射治疗,联合组采用点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗,比较三组患者疗效、炎性因子水平、创面处与正常皮肤厚度差、温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)评分。结果:治疗6个月后,联合组总有效率高于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3个月、6个月、1年后三组患者瘢痕与正常皮肤厚度差逐渐下降,联合组创面处与正常皮肤厚度差均小于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组创面处与正常皮肤厚度差均小于激光组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3个月、6个月、1年后三组VSS评分下降,联合组VSS评分均低于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组VSS评分均低于激光组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,三组肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)均有不同程度下降,联合组炎性因子水平低于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组炎性因子水平低于激光组(P<0.05)。结论:应用点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗面部外伤缝合患者,防治瘢痕疗效显著,炎症水平降低,瘢痕颜色、厚度、质地均明显改善。

Cr_(3)C_(2)对激光熔覆原位生成WC增强颗粒粒度及涂层性能的影响

为了研究 Cr_(3)C_(2)对原位生成WC增强相粒度的抑制作用及对涂层性能的影响,在H13钢表面制备了 Cr_(3)C_(2)含量为0、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%的WC增强镍基涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析涂层的显微组织,比较WC粒度变化情况以及涂层不同形态区域的元素分布;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的物相组成;采用显微硬度计分析涂层的硬度值;采用摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行测试。结果表明: Cr_(3)C_(2)能够显著抑制WC颗粒的长大,但存在一个最佳值, Cr_(3)C_(2)抑制WC晶粒生长的主要原因是 Cr_(3)C_(2)能够降低WC在粘结相的溶解度。随着 Cr_(3)C_(2)的加入,涂层中含铬物质增多,涂层显微硬度也随之增大,当 Cr_(3)C_(2)含量为2%时涂层显微硬度最大。添加 Cr_(3)C_(2)抑制剂的涂层摩擦磨损性能也更优,磨损机理主要为粘着磨损。

点阵CO_(2)激光Deep FX+Active FX模式治疗痤疮瘢痕疗效观察

目的:探究点阵CO_(2)激光Deep FX+Active FX模式治疗痤疮瘢痕疗效。方法:选取笔者医院2020年1月-2022年1月收治的116例痤疮瘢痕患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(采用点阵CO_(2)激光Deep FX+Active FX模式治疗)58例和对照组(采用点阵CO_(2)激光Deep FX模式治疗)58例。观察两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、瘢痕情况、疼痛与瘙痒情况、面部皮肤相关指数、不良反应。结果:观察组总有效率为96.55%,高于对照组86.21%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的色泽、血管分布、厚度、柔软度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组疼痛情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组瘙痒情况评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组红斑指数、棕色斑指数、紫外线光斑指数、毛孔指数、纹路指数及斑点指数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:点阵CO_(2)激光Deep FX+Active FX模式能够提高痤疮瘢痕患者的临床疗效,改善瘢痕情况,降低瘙痒情况与面部皮肤相关指数,值得临床推广。

Cr_(3)C_(2)对激光选区熔化316L合金组织及力学性能的影响

目的研究添加Cr_(3)C_(2)颗粒对激光选区熔化316L合金的硬度、强度及耐磨性能的影响。方法采用激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)技术制备316L合金及10%(质量分数)Cr_(3)C_(2)颗粒增强316L合金(Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L),通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、维氏显微硬度计、双立柱电子万能试验机和摩擦磨损试验机分别对2组合金试样的组织结构、硬度、拉伸性能以及耐磨性能进行测试与分析。结果316L合金主要由γ-Fe相组成,Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L合金中除γ-Fe相外,还存在Cr_(23)C_(6)和Cr_(3)C_(2)相。316L和Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L合金的显微组织均由柱状晶和等轴晶组成,Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L的组织中等轴晶比例增多,且组织产生了细化。Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L合金的显微硬度为327HV0.1,相比316L合金(265HV0.1)增加了23%。Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为687 MPa和1029 MPa,较316L合金均提高了约50%。Cr_(3)C_(2)/316L合金的磨损率相比316L合金减小了50%。结论在SLM过程中,由于添加的Cr_(3)C_(2)颗粒在激光选区熔化316L合金过程中所产生的非自发形核和提高过冷度的作用,促使了316L合金组织发生明显细化和等轴化。添加的Cr_(3)C_(2)颗粒所产生的细晶强化、沉淀强化和固溶强化作用,使316L合金的硬度、强度和耐磨性都得到有效提升。

重组贻贝粘蛋白在点阵CO_(2)激光治疗面部痤疮萎缩性瘢痕术后创面修复中的应用研究

目的:探究重组贻贝粘蛋白水凝胶敷料(Recombined mussel adhesive protein hydrogel dressing,Rmaphd)在点阵CO_(2)激光治疗面部痤疮萎缩性瘢痕术后创面修复中的应用效果。方法:选择2022年6月-2023年2月面部痤疮萎缩性瘢痕患者117例,分为Rmaphd组、重组人表皮生长因子(Recombinant human epidermal growth factor,rhEGF)组和对照组,每组39例,三组均给予点阵CO_(2)激光术治疗,术后分别给予Rmaphd、rhEGF及生理盐水处理,比较三组疗效、ECCA评分、症状持续时间以及生活质量评分。结果:Rmaphd组和rhEGF组总有效率分别为92.31%和94.87%,均高于对照组76.92%(P<0.05),术后ECCA评分低于对照组(P<0.05),术后疼痛、红斑、痂皮持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05),Acne-QoL各指标得分优于对照组(P<0.05);上述各临床Rmaphd组与rhEGF组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Rmaphd用于点阵CO_(2)激光治疗面部痤疮萎缩性瘢痕术后创面修复疗效显著,具备在临床上辅助激光治疗术后修复的应用潜力。

点阵CO_(2)激光联合米诺地尔治疗雄激素性脱发的疗效及安全性分析

目的:探究点阵CO_(2)激光联合米诺地尔治疗雄激素性脱发(Androgenetic alopecia,AGA)的疗效及安全性分析。方法:选取2020年1月-2021年12月笔者医院收治的114例雄激素性脱发患者,采用单双球法随机分为对照组(n=57)和观察组(n=57),对照组给予米诺地尔治疗,观察组给予点阵CO_(2)激光与米诺地尔联合治疗。比较治疗6个月后两组患者的临床症状改善情况,对比治疗前和治疗6个月后两组患者治疗效果、毛发镜评价、生活质量[流调中心抑郁表(The center for epidemiological studies depression scale,CES-D)、皮肤病生活质量指数(Dermatology life quality index,DLQI)],记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗6个月后,观察组临床症状改善评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组脱发评分、新生发评、毳毛比例、CES-D、DLQI评分均较治疗前降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组毛发密度、毛囊密度均较治疗前增大,观察组大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:点阵CO_(2)激光联合米诺地尔可改善AGA患者瘙痒、出油、头屑、毛囊炎等症状及毛发镜指标,改善患者生活质量,且不增加不良反应发生率。

Research on Infrared Emissivity and Laser Reflectivity of Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)Micro/Nanofibers Based on First-Principles

Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,8%,16%,24%)micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate,stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as raw materials.The target products were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer,X-ray diffrotometer,fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester,and the effects of Er^(3+)doping on its infrared and laser emissivity were studied.At the same time,the Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,16%)doping models were constructed based on the first principles of density functional theory,and the related optoelectronic properties such as their energy band structure,density of states,reflectivity and dielectric constant were analyzed,and further explained the mechanism of Er^(3+)doping on SnO_(2)infrared emissivity and laser absorption from the point of electronic structure.The results showed that after calcination at 600℃,single rutile type SnO_(2)was formed,and the crystal structure was not changed by doping Er^(3+).The calcined products showed good fiber morphology,and the average fiber diameter was 402 nm.The infrared emissivity and resistivity of the samples both decreased first and then increased with the increase of Er^(3+)doping amount.When x=16%,the infrared emis-sivity of the sample was at least 0.71;and Er^(3+)doping can effectively reduce the reflectivity of SnO_(2)at 1.06μm and 1.55μm,when x=16%,its reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm are 50.5%and 40%,respectively,when x=24%,the reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm wavelengths are 47.3%and 42.1%,respectively.At the same time,the change of carrier concentration and electron transition before and after Er^(3+)doping were described by first-principle calculation,and the regulation mechanism of infrared emissivity and laser reflectivity was explained.This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of a single-type,light-weight and easily prepared infrared and laser compatible-stealth material.

High powerλ~8.5μm quantum cascade laser grown by MOCVD operating continuous-wave up to 408 K

Robust quantum cascade laser(QCL)enduring high temperature continuous-wave(CW)operation is of critical importance for some applications.We report on the realization of lattice-matched InGaAs/InAlAs/InP QCL materials grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).High interface quality structures designed for light emission at 8.5μm are achieved by optimizing and precise controlling of growth conditions.A CW output power of 1.04 W at 288 K was obtained from a 4 mm-long and 10μm-wide coated laser.Corresponding maximum wall-plug efficiency and threshold current density were 7.1%and 1.18 kA/cm2,respectively.The device can operate in CW mode up to 408 K with an output power of 160 mW.

Continuous-wave optical enhancement cavity with 30-kW average power

Optical enhancement cavity(OEC)is a powerful tool for fundamental research and diagnostics.In this paper,the progress of a continuous-wave OEC to realize of megawatt cavity for a novel light source based on a steady-state microbunching(SSMB)mechanism,is reported.After efficiently suppressing all external noise and optimizing the alignment,mode-matching,and polarization matching,stable and long-term locking is achieved with the help of two feedback loops.The modal instability phenomenon caused by the surface thermoelastic deformation is observed.A pair of D-shape mirrors are utilized to remove the high-order modes.Finally,an intra-cavity average power of 30 kW is reached.

Continuous-wave operation of InAs/InP quantum dot tunable external-cavity laser grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

We demonstrate high-performance broadband tunable external-cavity lasers(ECLs) with the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) grown In As/In P quantum dots(QDs) structures. Without cavity facet coatings, the 3-d B spectral bandwidth of the Fabry–Perot(FP) laser is approximately 10.8 nm, while the tuning bandwidth of ECLs is 45 nm.Combined with the anti-reflection(AR)/high-reflection(HR) facet coating, a 92 nm bandwidth tuning range has been obtained with the wavelength covering from 1414 nm to 1506 nm. In most of the tuning range, the threshold current density is lower than 1.5 k A/cm2. The maximum output power of 6.5 m W was achieved under a 500 m A injection current.All achievements mentioned above were obtained under continuous-wave(CW) mode at room temperature(RT).

Generation of Continuous-Wave 194 nm Laser for Mercury Ion Optical Frequency Standard

A 194-nm cw laser is an essential part in the mercury ion optical frequency standard. We report the generation of over 2mW continuous-wave radiation at 194nm in a beta barium borate crystal using a simple sum frequency mixing （SFM） system. One source beams at 718nm is resonantly enhanced with a cavity and the other at 266mn makes a single pass. Considering the walk-off effect in SFM, the source beam waists are designed to be elliptical, thus the conversion efficiency can be promoted. The 266-nm beam produced by frequency doubling of 532-nm laser is shaped close to the diffraction limit to achieve better mode matching.

LD端面泵浦Tm:SrF_(2)电光调Q激光器

高掺杂浓度的Tm^(3+)增益介质能通过交叉弛豫过程提高激光器的量子效率,但同时也会增加能量上转换带来的损耗,从而限制激光器效率的进一步提升。对Tm:SrF_(2)晶体的荧光特性以及激光性能展开研究。在激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦下,实现最大功率2.99 W的自由运转输出,激光器的泵浦阈值为0.89 W,中心波长1851 nm,斜效率高达82.1%。采用KTP电光调Q开关演示了Tm:SrF_(2)激光器的电光调Q输出特性。在500 Hz重复频率下,获得了1.02 mJ的最大单脉冲能量,泵浦阈值为2.01 W,最短脉冲宽度为45 ns,对应峰值功率为22.67 kW。实验结果表明,基于LD泵浦的Tm:SrF_(2)激光器具有非常高的效率,有望成为中红外光学参量振荡器(OPO)和光学参量放大器(OPA)的理想泵浦源。

Mid-infrared lightly Er^(3+)-doped CaF_(2)laser under acousto–optical modulation

A 1.7-at.%Er:CaF_(2)crystal was synthesized by temperature gradient method.The Er:CaF_(2)crystal was applied in acousto-optically Q-switched laser at mid-infrared region for the first time.Using a Te O_(2)-based crystal as Q-switcher,we obtained a laser diode(LD)end-pumped Er:CaF_(2)laser with the highest single pulse energy up to 0.49 mJ and maximum peak power of 0.56 kW under 6.34-W absorbed pump power.The implication of these results is that the low-doped Er:CaF_(2)crystal exhibits promising optical properties in solid-state lasers.