Mechanical deformation properties of Continuous Welded Rail on kilometer-span suspension bridge for high-speed railway

The complex bridge-track interaction between kilometer-span bridges and continuous Welded Rail(CWR)brings great challenges to CWR designing.Taking a suspension bridge with laying CWR as a case,the mechanical properties of CWR on the bridge are analyzed to reveal the sensitive areas of the track,and the design method of CWR and track structures on the beam ends are proposed.The results show that the unidirectional Rail Expansion Joints(REJ)need to be installed on the beam end of the kilometer-span bridge to reduce rail longitudinal force.Due to the bridge characteristics,there is no CWR fixed area on the kilometer-span bridge,and rail longitudinal force on the main span caused by bending loads needs to be concerned.The deformation of track on the beam end is complex,which is the weak area on the kilometer bridge,the large relative displacement between the stock rail of REJ and the main beam can cause poor stability of ballast bed on beam end,small resistance fasteners need to be laid on the sides of stock rail on the main beam to increase the stability of ballast and fasteners on the beam end.To improve the driving safety and comfort of beam end,the Sleeper-Supporting Apparatus(SSA)should be specially designed to ensure the uniform transition of track on beam ends.Temperature and wind loads have a significant impact on track regularity on the kilometer span bridge,the dynamic response of trains and bridges under those loads needs to be attended to.

Longitudinal force in continuously welded rail on long-span tied arch continuous bridge carrying multiple tracks

Considering arch rib, lateral brace, suspender, girder, pier and track position, the model for the interaction between long-span tied arch continuous bridge and multiple tracks was established by using steel-concrete composite section beam element to simulate concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch rib, using the beam element with rigid arm to simulate the prestressed concrete girder and using nonlinear bar element to simulate longitudinal constraint between track and bridge. Taking a(77+3×156.8+77) m tied arch continuous bridge with four tracks on the Harbin-Qiqihar Passenger Dedicated Line as an example, the arrangement of continuously welded rail(CWR) was explored. The longitudinal force in CWR on the tied arch continuous bridge, the pier top horizontal force and torque due to the unbalance load case, were analyzed under the action of temperature, vertical live load, train braking and wind load.Studies show that, it can significantly reduce track displacement to set the track expansion devices at main span arch springing on both sides; the track stress due to arch temperature variation can reach 40.8 MPa; the track stress, pier top horizontal force and torque are related to the number of loaded tracks and train running direction, and the bending force applied to unloaded track is close to the loaded track, while the braking force applied to unloaded track is 1/4 to 1/2 of the loaded track; the longitudinal force of track due to the wind load is up to 12.4 MPa, which should be considered.

Mechanics model of additional longitudinal force transmission between bridges and continuously welded rails with small resistance fasteners

A new mechanics model, which reveals additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges, is established on the fact that the influence of the mutual relative displacement (among) the rail, the sleeper and the beam is taken into account. An example is presented and numerical results are compared. The results show that the additional longitudinal forces calculated with the new model are less than those of the previous, especially in the case of the flexible pier bridges. The new model is also suitable for the analysis of the additional longitudinal force transmission between rails and bridges of ballastless track with small resistance fasteners without taking the sleeper displacement into account, and compared with the ballast bridges, the ballastless bridges have a much stronger additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges.

Stability issues of the continuous welded rail track on the concrete sleepers on the curves with radius R ≤ 300 m

This paper describes the economic and technological benefits of installing continuous welded rail （CWR） track on sharp （radius≤300 m） railway curves. A new form of prestressed concrete sleepers developed by the V. Lazaryan Dniprope- trovsk National University of Railway Transport is shown to improve the lateral shift resistance of CWR track in sharp curves and the use of anchor sleepers on tangents is shown to make it possible to lower the fastening temperature of the CWR track in order to increase the rail lifespan.

公铁两用大跨度斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性研究

高速铁路大跨度斜拉桥结构变形受其复杂服役环境影响显著,而无砟轨道对工后变形的调整能力有限,因此大跨度斜拉桥的复杂变形条件将直接影响其上无砟轨道结构的适应性。以沪渝蓉高铁长江北支公铁两用大跨度斜拉桥应用无砟轨道为工程背景,建立无砟轨道-大跨度斜拉桥一体化精细空间有限元模型,分析铁路、公路以及温度等多种荷载联合作用下大跨度斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系平顺性、无缝线路稳定性和无砟轨道层间变形协调性,从而对大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性开展深入研究。结果表明:在运营荷载及温度荷载最不利组合作用下,大跨度斜拉桥主梁线形平顺,变形平缓,桥梁整体刚度较好,桥上无砟轨道几何形位可以满足静态验收标准;大跨度斜拉桥上无缝线路的强度和稳定性满足要求,扣件工作性能良好,钢轨伸缩调节器的设置可有效释放梁端钢轨的纵向应力;无砟轨道层间设置橡胶隔离层且不跨主梁桁架节间的布置方式可提高大跨度斜拉桥上无砟轨道的变形协调性能,使得桥上无砟轨道层间始终处于受压状态,达到“隔而不离”的桥上轨道层间理想服役状态;大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性良好。本文研究成果可为公铁两用大跨度钢桁梁斜拉桥上无砟轨道的应用提供技术参考。

高速铁路门式墩-桥梁-轨道系统地震响应特征

为研究地震作用下门式墩结构对梁轨系统受力特性的影响,以合福线高速铁路某门式墩上3跨32 m简支梁桥为例,采用经验证的梁轨接触模拟方法,建立门式墩-桥梁-轨道系统精细化动力仿真模型。研究在多维地震作用下门式墩上简支梁桥-轨道系统动力响应特征,探讨节点连接方式、横梁刚度等关键设计参数对系统受力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:采用门式墩结构后,结构体系刚度相对较小,系统自振频率降低;在地震作用下,采用门式墩结构的简支梁桥上钢轨纵向应力包络线呈菱形分布,其应力峰值均发生于墩、台及桥梁跨中附近;与普通墩相比,门式墩立柱底最大纵向剪力明显增大,钢轨节点的横向位移减小;水平地震激励角对门式墩系统受力、变形影响较大,在分析过程中需要加以考虑;在竖向地震作用时,钢轨及门式墩墩顶的竖向挠曲随着门式墩梁柱节点刚度的增大略减小;鉴于刚性节点可能导致结构延性降低、残余应力增大等,建议门式墩梁柱节点采用半刚性连接。

Sensitive factors research for track-bridge interaction of Long-span X-style steel-box arch bridge on high-speed railway

X-style arch bridge on high-speed railways(HSR)is one kind of complicated long-span structure,and the track-bridge interaction is essential to ensure the safety and smoothness of HSR.Taking an X-style steel-box arch bridge with a main span of450 m on HSR under construction for example,a new integrative mechanic model of rail-stringer-cross beam-suspenderpier-foundation coupling system was established,adopting the nonlinear spring element simulating the longitudinal resistance between track and bridge.The transmission law of continuous welded rail(CWR)on the X-style arch bridge was researched,and comparative study was carried out to discuss the influence of several sensitive factors,such as the temperature load case,the longitudinal resistance model,the scheme of longitudinal restraint conditions,the introverted inclination of arch rib,the stiffness of pier and abutment and the location of the rail expansion device.Calculating results indicate that the longitudinal resistance has a significant impact upon the longitudinal forces of CWR on this kind of bridge,while the arch rib’s inclination has little effect.Besides,temperature variation of arch ribs and suspenders should be taken into account in the calculation.Selecting the restraint system without longitudinally-fixed bearing and setting the rail expansion devices on both ends are more reasonable.

千米级主跨公铁两用桥上特殊梁-轨相互作用关系研究

为研究复杂环境下因千米级主跨公铁两用桥梁结构特殊性引起的梁-轨相互作用问题,建立可考虑桥塔及索缆影响的无缝线路-悬索桥空间耦合模型,分析了公路车辆、横向风、主梁温差作用下的梁-轨相互作用变化规律。研究结果表明:对于千米级主跨公铁两用桥上无缝线路,公路车辆及横向风荷载虽然对线路的平顺性影响较小,但对钢轨纵向附加力及梁-轨相对位移的影响不容忽视;梁体整体降温15℃计算出的伸缩力比考虑板桁温差效应的结果偏大54.5%;上、下游主桁温差导致线路全线存在梁-轨相对位移,是千米级主跨桥上无缝线路不存在传统意义上的“固定区”的重要原因之一。因此,在千米级主跨公铁两用桥上无缝线路设计及运维过程中,建议考虑上述特殊梁-轨相互作用带来的影响。

Influence of Track Parameters on Welded Turnout Group

By building the finite element model, the track parameters, including the ultimate longitudinal resistance, the length of the intermediate straight line, and the gap between spacer blocks, were analyzed for their influences on the longitudinal forces and displacements of the single turnout and turnout group, respectively. The results indicate that when the longitudinal resistance drops from 32 to 20 N/cm, the maximum additional longitudinal force of the turnout group increases by 19. 2%, and the maximum additional longitudinal displacement of the turnout group grows by 85.3% compared with 50.4% for the single turnout. When the length of intermediate straight line rises from 0 m to infinite, the maximum additional longitudinal force decreases by 38.8%, and the maximum additional longitudinal displacement by 80.3%.

Influence of the Randomness of Longitudinal Resistance of Ballast Bed on Track-Bridge Interaction

To get the influence of the randomness of longitudinal resistance of ballast bed (LRBB) on track-bridge interaction, the statistical law of LRBB was studied with existing test data and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Based on the principle of track-bridge interaction, a rail-sleeper-bridge-pier integrated simulation model that could consider the randomness of LRBB was established. Taking a continuous beam bridge for the heavy-haul railway as an example, the effect of the randomness of LRBB on the mechanical behavior of continuous welded rail (CWR) on bridges under typical conditions was carefully examined with a random sampling method and the simulation model. The results show that the LRBB corresponding sleeper displacement of 2 mm obeys a normal distribution. When the randomness of LRBB is considered, the amplitudes of rail expansion force, rail bending force, rail braking force and rail broken gap all follow normal distribution. As the standard deviations of the four indexes are small, which indicates the randomness of LRBB has little effect on track-bridge interaction. The distributions of the four indexes make it possible to design CWR on bridges with the limit state method.

考虑加载历史的小半径曲线桥梁梁轨相互作用分析

目前,大部分考虑加载历史的梁轨相互作用研究都集中在直线桥梁上,针对曲线桥梁,尤其是小半径曲线桥梁,梁轨相互作用的研究相对较少。采用理想弹塑性滞回阻力模型模拟扣件纵向阻力,运用有限元软件,建立以城东特大桥为研究对象的钢轨-桥梁-墩台三维有限元空间力学计算模型,研究曲线半径对于梁轨相互作用的影响,探究了多荷载耦合作用、往复荷载作用以及循环荷载作用下考虑加载历史效应的曲线桥梁梁轨相互作用情况,并提出“拉力百分比”以及“压力百分比”的概念以便分析曲线半径对传统线性叠加法误差的影响。结果表明,曲线桥梁中梁轨纵、横向相互作用分别与曲线半径成正、反比,相关数据改变幅度与曲线半径成反比且当曲线半径超过800 m时基本收敛,此时可采用“以直代曲”的简化算法;曲线半径对于横向梁轨相互作用影响程度大于纵向,相较于挠曲、制动工况,伸缩工况受曲线半径影响更加显著;多荷载耦合作用下,采用传统线性叠加法相较于考虑加载历史更为保守且温度荷载起主要贡献;考虑加载历史时钢轨在往复荷载作用下会产生不可忽视的残余内力,且在循环荷载作用下将会产生收敛于第1次往复荷载下的残余内力,这是扣件纵向阻力的弹塑性滞回特性决定的;线性叠加法误差与曲线半径具有相关性,相较于挠曲、制动工况,伸缩工况下对其更为敏感。研究结果可为考虑加载历史下曲线桥梁结构设计提供参考。

市域(郊)铁路桥上无缝道岔至梁缝距离研究

市域(郊)铁路桥梁占比高,结合车站配线设计,道岔不可避免需要设置在高架站前后的道岔连续梁上。考虑市域(郊)铁路采用的道岔型号、桥梁结构及设计荷载与高速铁路明显不同,桥上无缝道岔至梁缝距离研究相对缺乏。由于市域(郊)铁路设计速度比地铁高,轮轨作用力大,轮轨之间的振动和冲击对周围环境影响大,因此,桥上道岔采用跨区间无缝线路技术。基于“道岔-桥梁”相互作用原理,建立“岔-板-梁-墩”一体化12号无砟轨道、无缝道岔有限元模型,对常用的单开道岔、4.3 m线间距渡线道岔至梁缝距离开展计算分析并研究其影响规律,以道岔钢轨强度、尖轨尖端位移值、心轨尖端位移值、转辙机处基本轨与桥梁相对位移值及断缝值为限值条件,提出市域(郊)铁路桥上无缝道岔至梁缝合理距离限值。研究结果表明:桥上无缝道岔始终端距梁缝距离越大,尖轨尖端位移、心轨尖端位移和转辙机处基本轨与桥梁相对位移明显减小,道岔钢轨伸缩力和制动力计算结果差异不大;温暖地区道岔始端、终端至梁缝距离不小于10 m,寒冷地区道岔始端、终端至梁缝距离不小于18 m,相关研究成果纳入《市域(郊)铁路设计规范》。

地铁连续刚构桥上无砟轨道无缝线路纵向力分析

【目的】为研究地铁连续刚构桥上无砟轨道无缝线路纵向受力与变形规律,对地铁连续刚构桥上无砟轨道无缝线路设计改进、运营养护维修提供理论指导。【方法】根据梁-板-轨相互作用原理,建立地铁连续刚构桥上整体道床式无砟轨道无缝线路空间耦合模型,计算伸缩、挠曲、制动、断轨工况下轨道结构和桥梁纵向力及位移,并对轨道结构静力特性进行对比分析,为地铁连续刚构桥上无缝线路轨道结构设计提供参考。【结果】结果表明:双线列车荷载中点与中部梁端处重合时为列车垂向荷载最不利工况,此时钢轨纵向力与钢轨、桥梁纵向位移均为最大,均出现在中部梁端附近,数值分别为70.3 kN与0.6,0.8 mm;双线制动荷载列车尾部位于两侧梁端时为列车制动荷载最不利工况,此时钢轨纵向力与钢轨、桥梁纵向位移均为最大,数值分别为107.8 kN与1.6,1.7 mm。【结论】伸缩力作用下各个端部桥缝处为薄弱部位,在平时养护中应特别注意梁端部桥缝处轨道结构,防止因伸缩力过大而产生断轨;钢轨发生断轨时,在断缝处纵向力、纵向位移均发生突变,严重影响线路行车安全。

小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路有限元模型简化研究

为更简便地建立小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路有限元模型,降低计算成本并保证计算精度的可靠性,本文比较分析不同简化程度的模型。首先,依据已有桥上无缝线路模型的形式,通过不同程度简化桥梁上部结构,由简到繁确立了单刚臂模型、多刚臂模型、准梁格模型、平面壳模型、空间壳模型、实体模型共6种模型,并通过扣件横向和纵向阻力试验取得了模型的关键参数;其次,以曲线半径为200 m的(40+50+50+40) m连续梁桥为实例,计算了桥上无缝线路在伸缩、挠曲、制动和断轨等其他组合工况下的结果;最后,以实体模型的计算结果为基准,将前5种模型的计算结果与实体模型的进行对比,通过欧几里得距离量化分析了各模型的计算精度。研究结果表明:综合考虑模型复杂程度和计算精度,多刚臂模型和准梁格模型相比于空间壳模型性价比更高,梁格法在桥梁工程中被大量用于异形桥梁计算,且支座分布以及边界条件更符合实际情况。因此,推荐在进行小半径曲线梁桥的无缝线路计算时采用准梁格模型。

小半径曲线简支梁桥上有轨电车嵌入式轨道无缝线路研究

为研究小半径曲线简支梁桥上有轨电车嵌入式轨道无缝线路的力学特性,根据梁轨纵向和横向相互作用原理,采用有限元法建立三维曲线简支梁桥上嵌入式轨道无缝线路模型,详细分析了钢轨温度、曲线半径、高分子材料纵向阻力和横向刚度对钢轨和桥梁纵、横向受力和变形的影响规律。结果表明:(1)钢轨温度的增加会显著加剧伸缩工况中梁轨横向相互作用,故在进行小半径曲线桥上无缝线路设计时,需要考虑钢轨温度对桥墩横向受力的影响;(2)随着曲线半径的增加,钢轨伸缩力和梁轨纵向相对位移逐渐增加,梁轨横向相对位移和桥梁墩台横向受力则呈现整体减小的变化趋势;(3)当曲线半径大于300 m时,梁轨纵、横向相互作用与直线模型的计算结果逐渐趋于一致;(4)降低高分子材料纵向阻力可以显著减小桥梁墩台纵向和横向受力,对无缝线路力学特性而言,高分子材料横向刚度不是一个十分敏感的参数;(5)曲线半径对伸缩工况和断轨工况的影响较为显著,而对挠曲工况和制动工况的影响相对较小;(6)采用直线模型的计算结果进行钢轨强度和断缝值检算是偏安全的,但在检算小半径曲线地段桥梁墩台横向受力时需要采用曲线模型。

基于轨道不平顺的无缝线路稳定性统计分析

为弥补现有无缝线路稳定性设计未区分轨道平顺性等级的不足,基于轨道不平顺数值模拟方法和无缝线路稳定性有限元分析方法,提出考虑轨道不平顺和道床横向阻力随机性的无缝线路稳定性概率统计分析方法。针对不同半径的铁路线路,研究轨道不平顺、道床横向阻力大小及位置分布随机性对钢轨允许温升分布规律的影响,并与现有无缝线路稳定性分析方法计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:当道床横向阻力服从正态分布时,单独考虑道床横向阻力大小随机性时,钢轨允许温升近似服从极值I型分布;单独考虑轨道不平顺随机性、同时考虑道床横向阻力大小及位置分布随机性或综合考虑上述3个因素随机性时,钢轨允许温升均服从正态分布;以不少于95%保证率定义的钢轨允许温升标准值及均值随着线路平顺性的改善而增加;不同曲线半径条件下,现有“等波长-有限元”确定的钢轨允许温升与美国五级谱对应钢轨允许温升标准值相近,与其他轨道谱对应结果则存在较大差异;在综合考虑轨道不平顺、道床横向阻力大小及位置分布三因素随机性条件下,建立表征钢轨允许温升分布的均值、标准差及标准值与曲线半径间的显式映射关系,使无缝线路稳定性分析中考虑线路平顺性等级成为了可能。研究结果为进一步优化铁路无缝线路极限状态法设计提供了参考。

基于机器视觉的大跨长联桥上无缝线路小阻力扣件纵向服役状态监测研究

以福厦高铁渔溪特大桥为例,提出一种基于机器视觉的小阻力扣件纵向服役状态监测方案,以获取大跨长联桥上无缝线路钢轨纵向变形与复合垫板窜出的时变特征;同时,结合梁轨温度与梁端位移测试结果,分析梁体温度、钢轨温度、梁端累积位移、梁轨相对位移与垫板窜出量之间的相关性。研究结果表明:根据图像识别结果,钢轨在监测阶段将随温度变化产生不同方向的伸缩,且钢轨位移略大于垫板窜出量。钢轨昼夜温差要显著大于桥面气温以及连续梁梁内气温、顶板温度、腹板温度,且梁体温度变化幅度显著比钢轨的小,其原因在于钢轨的比热容较小,在同等热量输入输出时产生的温度变化幅度较大。梁端纵向位移随温度变化幅度较小,最大日位移为0.15 mm;在监测周期内,梁端累积位移呈波动减小趋势,即梁体发生了缓慢收缩,其原因在于夏季到秋季时气温逐渐降低,且最大平均位移变化速率为0.09 mm/d。梁体温度、钢轨温度、梁端累积位移、梁轨累积相对位移和垫板窜出量之间的相关系数均大于0.8,说明其相关性较大,且均呈较好的正相关关系。通过基于机器视觉的小阻力扣件状态监测方法,可见小阻力扣件在福厦高铁渔溪特大桥区段具有较好的纵向服役状态,且监测周期内线路状态均正常,验证了此类方案在小阻力扣件现场监测中的适用性。

收缩徐变作用下铁路连续刚构桥-轨道系统受力特性

通过建立(72+128+72)m高速铁路大跨度连续刚构桥-双线无砟轨道系统仿真模型,揭示收缩徐变作用下大跨度连续刚构桥与轨道相互作用规律,分析收缩徐变模式、混凝土养护条件等主要设计参数对系统受力和变形的影响,探讨采用整体升温代替收缩徐变效应计算的可行性。研究表明:随着服役时间的延长,收缩徐变作用下系统的受力与变形逐渐增大;采用梁体降温30℃计算的钢轨应力和竖向位移无法包络收缩徐变效应引起的钢轨应力和位移,《高速铁路设计规范》中建议采用整体降温10℃来模拟收缩徐变的方法并不适用于梁-轨相互作用分析。

孟加拉38 m简支梁桥墩纵向水平刚度限值研究

研究目的:孟加拉帕德玛大桥铁路连接线为“一带一路”重点工程项目之一,在高架桥上铺设跨区间无砟轨道无缝线路,且高架桥主要采用38 m混凝土简支箱梁。为指导孟加拉38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计,建立轨道-桥梁-墩台一体化仿真分析模型,研究桥墩纵向水平刚度对无缝线路力学性能的影响规律,基于钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝限值,提出满足38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路铺设的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值。研究结论:(1)钢轨伸缩力和挠曲力随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而增大,钢轨制动力、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝值均随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而减小;(2)采用UIC规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受梁轨相对位移控制;(3)采用中国规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、钢轨温度变化幅度和机车牵引类型共同控制;(4)采用UIC规范时的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值小于中国规范的规定值,综合考虑钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、机车牵引类型的影响,钢轨温度变化幅度分别为50℃、40℃和30℃,采用UIC规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取200 kN/cm;采用中国规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取550、250和250 kN/cm;(5)本研究成果可为相关客货共线铁路混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计提供参考和借鉴。

30t轴重重载铁路简支梁桥-轨道系统地震响应研究

为研究多跨30 t轴重重载铁路简支梁桥-轨道系统地震响应规律,采用经过验证的梁轨相互作用模拟方法,建立了考虑桩-土共同作用、桥墩弹塑性变形、滑动支座摩阻力、线路非线性阻力的多跨重载铁路简支梁桥与双线有砟轨道相互作用仿真模型,揭示了一致激励和行波效应下重载铁路简支梁桥-轨道系统地震响应规律,探讨了路基段钢轨长度、简支梁跨数、跨度、线路纵向阻力形式、滑动支座摩阻系数等设计参数的影响,分析了温度、列车制动和地震耦合作用下系统的受力特征。研究表明:当地形地质条件相差不大时,简支梁跨数可简化为11跨、路基段钢轨长度可取为150 m;线路阻力减小时,梁体间、梁体与桥台间可能出现碰撞现象甚至发生落梁;纵向一致激励下,钢轨应力包络图呈"双菱形",其最大值出现在桥台附近,而梁缝附近梁轨相对位移较大,易发生动力失稳;行波效应下,系统受力和变形规律发生显著改变,即使对于跨度较小的简支梁桥,也应考虑行波效应的影响;温度和列车制动作用将进一步增大轨道结构在地震中发生动力失稳的可能性。