Nonfunctionality of engineered water sources after two catastrophic cyclones—Sidr in November 2007 and Aila in May 2009—created acute scarcity of safe drinking water in coastal Bangladesh.The objective of this study...Nonfunctionality of engineered water sources after two catastrophic cyclones—Sidr in November 2007 and Aila in May 2009—created acute scarcity of safe drinking water in coastal Bangladesh.The objective of this study was to estimate households’willingness to pay(WTP)for disaster resilient water sources in Dacope upazila of Khulna District in southwestern coastal Bangladesh.By applying the double bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method to a dataset of 250 randomly selected households,we found that the mean WTP is BDT 263 and that inaccessibility to functional safe drinking water sources is the most significant determining factor of households’WTP.Projecting mean WTP for a disaster resilient water source project in the study area,we measured a present value of aggregate WTP over project’s life span worth about BDT 624(USD 7.37)million,which is about14.30 times the present value of project’s aggregate establishment and maintenance cost.However,charging the local inhabitants a water tariff at mean WTP would lead to the exclusion of around 50%of the people from getting access to the improved water services or create a free riding problem.Through simulation exercises this study determined that the socially optimal water tariff is BDT 50 per month.This tariff would not only generate revenue of more than five times the project cost but would also create access to disaster resilient improved drinking water sources for almost 99%of the people.展开更多
The use of contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon. Worldwide, 20 percent of married women of reproductive age are currently using periodic abstinence. To assess the knowledge and practice...The use of contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon. Worldwide, 20 percent of married women of reproductive age are currently using periodic abstinence. To assess the knowledge and practice of periodic abstinence among currently married pregnant women, data were collected from the pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. One thousand three hundred and thirty one (1331) currently married pregnant women were interviewed face-to-face. Approximately 29.3 percent of women were aware of the abstinence method, 11.5 percent women had history of using it. In-depth finding shows that 84.9 percent women did not have correct knowledge of fertile window of a menstrual cycle. Counseling about the correct fertile window of a menstrual cycle may increase the effectiveness of methods and hence reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies.展开更多
文摘Nonfunctionality of engineered water sources after two catastrophic cyclones—Sidr in November 2007 and Aila in May 2009—created acute scarcity of safe drinking water in coastal Bangladesh.The objective of this study was to estimate households’willingness to pay(WTP)for disaster resilient water sources in Dacope upazila of Khulna District in southwestern coastal Bangladesh.By applying the double bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method to a dataset of 250 randomly selected households,we found that the mean WTP is BDT 263 and that inaccessibility to functional safe drinking water sources is the most significant determining factor of households’WTP.Projecting mean WTP for a disaster resilient water source project in the study area,we measured a present value of aggregate WTP over project’s life span worth about BDT 624(USD 7.37)million,which is about14.30 times the present value of project’s aggregate establishment and maintenance cost.However,charging the local inhabitants a water tariff at mean WTP would lead to the exclusion of around 50%of the people from getting access to the improved water services or create a free riding problem.Through simulation exercises this study determined that the socially optimal water tariff is BDT 50 per month.This tariff would not only generate revenue of more than five times the project cost but would also create access to disaster resilient improved drinking water sources for almost 99%of the people.
文摘The use of contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon. Worldwide, 20 percent of married women of reproductive age are currently using periodic abstinence. To assess the knowledge and practice of periodic abstinence among currently married pregnant women, data were collected from the pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. One thousand three hundred and thirty one (1331) currently married pregnant women were interviewed face-to-face. Approximately 29.3 percent of women were aware of the abstinence method, 11.5 percent women had history of using it. In-depth finding shows that 84.9 percent women did not have correct knowledge of fertile window of a menstrual cycle. Counseling about the correct fertile window of a menstrual cycle may increase the effectiveness of methods and hence reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies.
