Farmers’contract breach behavior is cited as one of the major stumbling blocks in the sustainable expansion of contract farming in many developing countries.This paper examines farmers’contract breach decisions from...Farmers’contract breach behavior is cited as one of the major stumbling blocks in the sustainable expansion of contract farming in many developing countries.This paper examines farmers’contract breach decisions from the perspective of time preferences.The empirical analysis is based on a household survey and economic field experiments of poultry households participating in contract farming conducted in Jiangsu Province,China.A discounted utility model and a maximum likelihood technique are applied to estimate farmers’time preferences and the effect of time preferences on contract breach in the production and sales phases are explored with a bivariate probit model.The results show that,on average,the poultry farmers in the sample are generally present biased and impatient regarding future utility.The regression results show that farmers with a higher preference for the present and a higher discount rate are more likely to breach contracts,and time preferences play a greater role in the production phase than in the sales phase.When considering heterogeneity,specific investments and transaction costs promote contract stability only for farmers with a low degree of impatience.Moreover,compared with large-scale farmers,small-scale farmers’contract breach decisions are more significantly affected by their time preferences.These results have implications for contract stability policies and other issues that are impacted by the linking of behavioral preferences to agricultural decisions.展开更多
compensation for breach of contract is the most important and most widely used form of liability for breach of contract, is one of the core content of the whole contract legal system. The research on the compensation ...compensation for breach of contract is the most important and most widely used form of liability for breach of contract, is one of the core content of the whole contract legal system. The research on the compensation for breach of contract is of great significance. This system is an important measure to ensure the, full and accurate performance of the contract obligations. However, the general principles of liability for breach of contract damages, the principle of liability, the elements and whether to deal with non property damage compensation has been controversial, the new contract law after the implementation of the problem still exists. It should be clear that the general principle of compensation for breach of contract is to fill the damage, the principle of liability should be consistent with the principle of liability for breach of contract, non property damage clearly compensation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72003082 and 71573130)the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province of China(2020SJA1015)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the China Center for Food Security Studies,Nanjing Agricultural University,China。
文摘Farmers’contract breach behavior is cited as one of the major stumbling blocks in the sustainable expansion of contract farming in many developing countries.This paper examines farmers’contract breach decisions from the perspective of time preferences.The empirical analysis is based on a household survey and economic field experiments of poultry households participating in contract farming conducted in Jiangsu Province,China.A discounted utility model and a maximum likelihood technique are applied to estimate farmers’time preferences and the effect of time preferences on contract breach in the production and sales phases are explored with a bivariate probit model.The results show that,on average,the poultry farmers in the sample are generally present biased and impatient regarding future utility.The regression results show that farmers with a higher preference for the present and a higher discount rate are more likely to breach contracts,and time preferences play a greater role in the production phase than in the sales phase.When considering heterogeneity,specific investments and transaction costs promote contract stability only for farmers with a low degree of impatience.Moreover,compared with large-scale farmers,small-scale farmers’contract breach decisions are more significantly affected by their time preferences.These results have implications for contract stability policies and other issues that are impacted by the linking of behavioral preferences to agricultural decisions.
文摘compensation for breach of contract is the most important and most widely used form of liability for breach of contract, is one of the core content of the whole contract legal system. The research on the compensation for breach of contract is of great significance. This system is an important measure to ensure the, full and accurate performance of the contract obligations. However, the general principles of liability for breach of contract damages, the principle of liability, the elements and whether to deal with non property damage compensation has been controversial, the new contract law after the implementation of the problem still exists. It should be clear that the general principle of compensation for breach of contract is to fill the damage, the principle of liability should be consistent with the principle of liability for breach of contract, non property damage clearly compensation.