E-Commerce in China and USA almost synchronously initiated. However, nowadays the differences of E-Commerce between the two countries are larger. In this paper, we try to find out what brings about the differences of ...E-Commerce in China and USA almost synchronously initiated. However, nowadays the differences of E-Commerce between the two countries are larger. In this paper, we try to find out what brings about the differences of E-Commerce between the two countries. We consider the contracting process of E-Commerce and analyze ex ante, ongoing and ex post transaction cost of E-Commerce contract. The conclusion is that the differences in economy and institution between China and USA result in the differences of transaction cost, which make for the differences in status quo of E-Commerce between the two countries.展开更多
Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactiv...Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an auctioneer.Further,it also enables peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary benefits.In this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and utility.The auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and quantity.The participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)management.Two types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are presented.The simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.展开更多
文摘E-Commerce in China and USA almost synchronously initiated. However, nowadays the differences of E-Commerce between the two countries are larger. In this paper, we try to find out what brings about the differences of E-Commerce between the two countries. We consider the contracting process of E-Commerce and analyze ex ante, ongoing and ex post transaction cost of E-Commerce contract. The conclusion is that the differences in economy and institution between China and USA result in the differences of transaction cost, which make for the differences in status quo of E-Commerce between the two countries.
文摘Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid paradigm.This paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an auctioneer.Further,it also enables peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary benefits.In this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and utility.The auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and quantity.The participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)management.Two types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are presented.The simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.
