Studies on Hepatocyte-Targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging Macromolecular Contrast Media

DTPA was covalently conjugated to the copolymer of L lysine and L tyrosine, then transchelated with Gd EDTA,the resultant polymer chelates were further reacted with 6 O bromoacetyl D galactose or methyl lactobionyloxyacetate to give PLT(Gd DTPA) with galactose moiety as liver targeting group.These macromolecular MRI contrast agents were characterized by means of FT IR, ICP AES, elementary analyses and UV Vis spectrophotometry. Their in vitro relaxivity and liver targeting property in mice were also investigated.

Protective Effect of Oral Steroid Premedication: Adverse Reactions to Nonionic Iodine Contrast Media for Computed Tomography

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of oral steroid premedication in terms of adverse reactions to non-ionic contrast media. We investigated the incidence of adverse reactions among patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Patients in the premedication group took 30 mg of prednisolone orally the night before and on the morning of the scheduled computed tomography. Sixty-five patients received the same contrast media. Among them, 56 took prednisolone orally prior to the procedure (premedication without change of contrast media group) and nine without premedication (no premedication and no change of contrast media group). In total, 379 patients received different contrast media. Among them, 340 took prednisolone orally (premedication with change of contrast media group), while 39 did not take the premedication (no premedication with change of contrast media group). The adverse reaction rates in the premedication with change of contrast media and no premedication with change of contrast media groups were 1.8% (6/340 cases) and 2.6% (1/39 cases) (P = 0.54), respectively. The incidence of adverse reaction after the administration of non-ionic iodinated contrast media did not differ significantly based on whether an oral steroid was administered prior to compute tomography. Our evaluation is limited due to the small sample size of the contrast media-changed group. However, even if premedication with steroids is effective, it may only result in an adverse reaction reduction rate of ≤3%.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Children Exposed to Iodinated Contrast Media:A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Iodinated contrast media(ICM)has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction in some patients.However,it is unclear whether this relationship exists in children.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aim to obtain a general overview of the relationship between ICM exposure and the risk of thyroid dysfunction in children.Methods:Computer search of Web of Science,EMbase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,collection of relevant literature on ICM and thyroid dysfunction in children,the search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2021.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.Results:A total of 8 literatures with 3497 children.The incidence of hypothyroidism in children with ICM exposure was 0.05(95%CI:0.05,0.12),P<0.0001.Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of hypothyroidism in ICM exposed children in the European region was 0.21(95%CI:0.13,0.30),P<0.0001,a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that children exposed to ICM are at risk for hypothyroidism,with a higher risk in neonates,especially children with congenital heart disease.

Shellfish allergy and relation to iodinated contrast media: United Kingdom survey

AIM: To assess current practice of United Kingdom cardiologists with respect to patients with reported shellfish/iodine allergy, and in particular the use of iodinated contrast for elective coronary angiography.Moreover we have reviewed the current evidence-base and guidelines available in this area.METHODS: A questionnaire survey was send to 500senior United Kingdom cardiologists(almost 50% cardiologists registered with British Cardiovascular Society)using email and first 100 responses used to analyze practise. We involved cardiologists performing coronary angiograms routinely both at secondary and tertiary centres. Three specific questions relating to allergy were asked:(1) History of shellfish/iodine allergy in pre-angiography assessment;(2) Treatments offeredfor shellfish/iodine allergy individuals; and(3) Any specific treatment protocol for shellfish/iodine allergy cases. We aimed to establish routine practice in United Kingdom for patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. We also performed comprehensive PubMed search for the available evidence of relationship between shellfish/iodine allergy and contrast media.RESULTS: A total of 100 responses were received, representing 20% of all United Kingdom cardiologists. Ninety-three replies were received from consultant cardiologists, 4 from non-consultant grades and 3 from cardiology specialist nurses. Amongst the respondents, 66% routinely asked about a previous history of shellfish/iodine allergy. Fifty-six percent would pre-treat these patients with steroids and anti-histamines. The other 44% do nothing, or do nonspecific testing based on their personal experience as following:(1) Skin test with 1 mL of subcutaneous contrast before intravenous contrast;(2) Test dose 2 mL contrast before coronary injection;(3) Close observation for shellfish allergy patients; and(4) Minimal evidence that the steroid and anti-histamine regime is effective but it makes us feel better.CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that allergy to shellfish alters the risk of reaction to intravenous contrast more than any other allergy and asking about such allergies in pre-angiogram assessment will not provide any additional information except propagating the myth.

Transient small bowel angioedema due to intravenous iodinated contrast media

Three cases of transient proximal small bowel angioedema induced by intravenous administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (CM) are presented.Computed tomography (CT) images in the venous phase displayed the proximal small bowel with circumferential thickening of the wall including the duodenum and proximal segment of the jejunum.The bowel wall was normal in non-enhanced images,and normal or inconspicuous in arterial phase enhanced images.In one of the three cases,the bowel wall was thickened in venous phase but disappeared in the 40 s delayed phase images.No filling defect was seen in the lumen of the superior mesenteric artery and vein.No peritoneal effusion or mesentery abnormality was found.Each of these patients reported only mild abdominal discomfort and recovered without specific treatment within a short time.Only one patient suffered mild diarrhea after scanning which had resolved by the following day.The transient anaphylactic small bowel angioedema due to intravenous iodinated contrast media was easily diagnosed based on its characteristic CT findings and clinical symptoms.Differential diagnosis may include inflammatory and ischemic bowel disease,as well as neoplasms.A three-phase CT protocol and good under-standing of this disorder are fundamentally important in the diagnosis of this condition.The supposed etiology behind the transient anaphylactic reaction to intravenous administration of iodinated CM in small bowel is similar to other CM-induced hypersensitive immediate reactions.The predilection location of transient anaphylactic bowel angioedema is the small intestine,particularly the proximal segment.A speculated cause may be the richer supply of vessels in the small intestine,ample mucous folds and loose connective tissue in the duodenum and the jejunum.

Effects of contrast media on the hepato-pancreato-biliary system

AIM:To determine the effects of high osmolarity contrast media (HOCM) and iso-osmolar contrast media (CM) application, with or without pressure, on hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) system.METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into six equal groups as follows: Group 1: (0.9% NaCl, control), Group 2: (diatrizoate meglumine Na, ionic HOCM, Urographin?), Group 3: (iodixanol, iso-osmolar non-ionic CM, Visipaque?); each of which was applied without pressure, whereas the animals of the remaining three groups (1p, 2p, 3p) were subjected to the same CM with pressure. We performed a duodenal puncture and introduced a catheter into the ampulla. After the catheterization, 0.2 mL CM or 0.9% NaCl was injected with or without pressure. Blood samples were taken for biochemical evaluations. The histopathological examinations of liver, common bile duct, and pancreas were performed.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the six groups for blood amylase, alanine aminotransferases, aspartate aminotransferases, bilirubin levels (P>0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and γ glutamyl transaminase levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the Urographin? groups (2, 2p) than the Visipaque? groups (3, 3p), or control groups (1, 1p). Hepatocyte necrosis, portal area inflammation, and Kupffer's cell hyperplasia were higher (P<0.05) in the study groups than the control group. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between HOCM (2,2p) and iso-osmolar CM (3,3p) groups. Bile duct proliferation and regeneration in the Urographin groups (2, 2p) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the Visipaque groups (3, 3p) or the control groups (1,1p). Although CM caused minor damage to the pancreas, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the groups. Application of the CM with pressure did not cause additional damage to the HPB system.CONCLUSION: Iso-osmolar, non-ionic CM could be more reliable than the ionic HOCM, whereas the application of pressure during the CM application had no effect on the HPB system.

Ultrasmall,elementary and highly translational nanoparticle X-ray contrast media from amphiphilic iodinated statistical copolymers

To expand the single-dose duration over which noninvasive clinical and preclinical cancer imaging can be conducted with high sensitivity,and well-defined spatial and temporal resolutions,a facile strategy to prepare ultrasmall nanoparticulate X-ray contrast media(nano-XRCM)as dual-modality imaging agents for positron emission tomography(PET)and computed tomography(CT)has been established.Synthesized from controlled copolymerization of triiodobenzoyl ethyl acrylate and oligo(ethylene oxide)acrylate monomers,the amphiphilic statistical iodocopolymers(ICPs)could directly dissolve in water to afford thermodynamically stable solutions with high aqueous iodine concentrations(>140 mg iodine/mL water)and comparable viscosities to conventional small molecule XRCM.The formation of ultrasmall iodinated nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters of ca.10 nm in water was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering techniques.In a breast cancer mouse model,in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the64Cu-chelator-functionalized iodinated nano-XRCM exhibited extended blood residency and higher tumor accumulation compared to typical small molecule imaging agents.PET/CT imaging of tumor over 3 days showed good correlation between PET and CT signals,while CT imaging allowed continuous observation of tumor retention even after 10 days post-injection,enabling longitudinal monitoring of tumor retention for imaging or potentially therapeutic effect after a single administration of nano-XRCM.

Degradation of iodinated X-ray contrast media by advanced oxidation processes:A literature review with a focus on degradation pathways

Available online Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICMs) are clinical drugs used to enhance the imaging effect.Triiodobenzene ring structures of ICMs lead to its extremely high chemical stability,biological inertness,which makes it difficult to be completely removed by traditional water treatment processes.Hence,considerable concentration of ICMs can be frequently detected in aquatic environment.Relying on the strong oxidation capacity of HO·or SO_(4)^(·-),various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have demonstrated substantial removal efficiency for ICMs.It is evident that ICMs can be decomposed mainly through(1) deiodination,(2) dehydration,(3) decarboxylation,(4) H-abstraction,(5) hydroxyl addition,(6) hydroxyl substitution,(7) oxidation of alcohol groups,(8) cleavage of amide bond,and (9) amino oxidation.However,during the ICMs removal process,the C-I bonds of ICMs molecules are broken,giving rise to the formation of cytotoxic iodination disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) that are potentially more harmful to the ecosystem and human health than their parent compounds.To better understand the technology gaps,this review elaborates the major AOPs which are effective for ICMs removal and emphasizes on the main degradation routes of ICMs in different oxidation system.Some prevailing concerns and challenges are discussed for optimizing the ICMs treatment process.

Manifesting viscosity changes in lipid droplets during iodined CT contrast media treatment by the real-time and in situ fluorescence imaging

Computed tomography(CT) is one of the most commonly used non-invasive clinical imaging modalities to predict, diagnose and treat the disease. Iodinated contrast media(ICM) is a form of intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of hollow tissue structures in medical CT imaging. ICM may cause allergic reactions, contrast-induced nephropathy, hyperthyroidism and possibly metformin accumulation. It is significant to find out the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of adverse reactions caused by ICM. Revealing the changes of the lipid droplets(LDs)viscosity in pathophysiological processes such as cancer and iodined contrast media induced adverse reaction is not only important for monitoring the occurrence and development of some pathophysiological processes but also vital for the deep insight of the biological effects of LDs in these pathophysiological processes. A lipid droplets targeted fluorescent probe DN-1 was devised to sense cellular viscosity alteration with high selectivity and sensitivity, which was applied to distinguish cancer cells and normal cells and reveal viscosity changes during iodined CT contrast media treatment.

Signal intensity changes of dentate nucleus on plain MR T1WI innasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy andmultiple injections of gadolinium-base contrast agent

Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).Methods Fifty patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received intensity-modulated radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group,and 50 patients with other malignant tumors and without history of brain radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.All patients received yearly GBCA enhanced MR examinations for the nasopharynx or the head.T1WI signal intensities of the dentate nucleus and the pons on same plane were measured based on images in the year of confirmed diagnosis(recorded as the first year)and in the second to the fifth years.T1WI signal intensity ratio of year i(ranging from 1 to 5)was calculated with values of dentate nucleus divided by values of the pons(ΔSI i),while the percentage of relative changes of year j(ranging from 2 to 5)was calculated withΔSI j compared toΔSI 1(Rchange j).The values of these two parameters were compared,and the correlation ofΔSI and GBCA injection year-time was evaluated within each group.Results No significant difference of gender,age norΔSI 1 was found between groups(all P>0.05).The second to the fifth yearΔSI and Rchange in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.05).Within both groups,ΔSI was positively correlated with GBCA injection year-time(both P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of GBCA tended to be found with gradually worsening GBCA deposition in dentate nucleus,for which radiotherapy might be a risk factor.

Dietary hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephropathy

Background Contrast media adinistration can result in severe nephrotoxicity under pothological conditions such as diabetic nephropathy, congestive heart failure, dehydration, et al. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced changes in renal function, blood flow, and histopathology.Methods Rats were fed either on a normal rodent diet (group N) or a high-cholesterol supplemented diet (group H; 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid) for 8 weeks. Half of the animals (n=6) from each diet group were then given a tail vein injection of 60% diatrizoate (6 ml/kg; group NC and group HC) and the other half were administered saline. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and cortical nitric oxide production were determined one day following contrast media administration. Renal blood flow was determined by color Doppler flow imaging and pulsed-mode Doppler. Renal histopathology was observed by light microscopy.Results Total serum cholesterol and resistance indices of renal blood vessels increased significantly, while creatinine clearance rate and production of nitric oxide in the renal cortex decreased markedly in group HC and group H when compared to group N and group NC. The creatinine clearance rate decreased significantly in group HC compared to group H. Serum creatinine levels and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium in group HC were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. Severe tubular degeneration and necrosis, protein cast accumulation, and medullary congestion were found in group HC. Conclusion Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast media-induced nephropathy. Hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity through the reduced production of nitric oxide.

Association between Contrast Media Volume and 1-Year Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Background： The excess volume of contrast media （CM） is a marker of a more severe coronary culprit lesion and longer intervention duration in patients undergoing cardiac procedures. However, it is unclear whether the contrast volume is directly correlated with worse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between contrast dose and the incidence of 1-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events （MACCE） and all-cause bleeding events in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography （CAG）. Methods： We prospectively enrolled 10,961 consecutive patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease expecting CAG from 2012 to 2013. The study population was pursued with a follow-up duration of 1 year. The predictive value of contrast volume, divided into quartiles, for the risk of MACCE and all-cause bleeding events was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results： The cumulative incidence of 1-year MACCE was 8.65%, which was directly associated with increasing contrast volume. In particular, MACCE was observed in 7.16%, 7.89%, 9.31%, and 11.73% of cases in the contrast volume quartile Q1 （≤100 ml）, Q2 （101-140 m）, Q3 （141-200 ml）, and Q4 （〉200 ml）, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. Moreover, the incidence of 1-year all-cause bleeding events was noted in 4.70%, 5.93%, 7.28%, and 8.21% of patients in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The survival analysis showed that the 1-year MACCE rate was higher in patients using greater CM volume during the CAG. CM volume used 〉140 ml was associated with the occurrence of 1-year MACCE, and the incidence was dramatically elevated in patients exceeding a contrast volume of 200 ml （P = 0.007）. Conclusion： Our data suggested that higher contrast volume was significantly correlated with an increased risk of MACCE and all-cause bleeding events in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

术前Sonazoid超声造影评估肝细胞癌病理分化程度的价值

目的分析肝细胞癌(HCC)Sonazoid超声造影(CEUS)的特点与病理分化程度的相关性。方法纳入行CEUS检查并经病理确诊为HCC的患者64例,共64个病灶,根据病理分化程度将其分为高、中、低分化组,分别为6、48和10例。比较不同病理分化程度HCC的CEUS动脉期增强形态、增强水平和增强模式。结果动脉期增强形态分为均匀增强和不均匀增强2种,低分化组所有病灶及58.3%中分化组病灶呈不均匀高增强;高分化组病灶可呈均匀高增强、均匀等增强和不均匀高增强3种表现。动脉期,所有中、低分组病灶和66.7%高分化组病灶呈高增强,不同分化程度HCC的增强水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);门脉期,高、中、低分化组分别有16.7%、25.0%和70.0%的病灶消退成低增强,不同分化程度HCC的增强水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);延迟期,75%中分化组病灶和所有低分化组病灶呈低增强,66.7%高分化组病灶呈等增强,不同分化程度HCC的增强水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Kupffer期,所有低分化组和95.8%中分化组病灶呈低增强,高分化组中仍有50%的病灶呈等增强,不同分化程度HCC的增强水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高分化组病灶表现为多种CEUS模式,中分化组病灶以“快进快退”、“快进慢退”为主,90.0%低分化组病灶呈“快进快退”模式,不同分化程度HCC的CEUS模式差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论Sonazoid-CEUS在评估HCC病理分化程度方面具有一定价值。

利拉鲁肽对老年2型糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病及预后的影响

目的 探讨利拉鲁肽对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后造影剂肾病(CIN)及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月于天津市胸科医院心内科行PCI的老年T2DM患者364例,根据既往是否使用利拉鲁肽分为利拉鲁肽组145例和对照组219例。收集2组患者一般临床资料并使用倾向性评分匹配法校正混杂因素,倾向性评分匹配后,共纳入患者220例,每组110例。比较匹配后2组PCI术前及术后48 h血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素(BUN)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白/B淋巴细胞瘤2基因比值、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9及CIN发病率的差异,并在出院后随访18个月。采用多因素logistic回归分析利拉鲁肽对CIN发生的影响,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析和log rank检验比较2组主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生的差异。结果 利拉鲁肽组术后48 h Scr、BUN、NGAL、hs-CRP、MDA水平显著低于对照组,SOD水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。利拉鲁肽组术后48 h CIN发病率显著低于对照组(7.27%vs 16.36%,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,利拉鲁肽是老年T2DM患者发生CIN的独立保护因素(OR=0.341,95%CI:0.128~0.906,P=0.031)。中位随访时间14.75(12.60,16.33)个月,利拉鲁肽组MACE发生率显著低于对照组(log rank χ^(2)=5.656,P=0.017)。结论 利拉鲁肽可以减少老年T2DM患者PCI术后CIN及MACE的发生,可能与其抗炎、抗氧化应激作用有关。

乌司他丁防治老年冠心病合并慢性肾脏病患者对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的探究乌司他丁对老年冠心病合并慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者发生对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤(CIAKI)的防治作用。方法连续入选2021年11月至2022年11月解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的老年冠心病合并CKD并拟行冠状动脉造影的患者321例,分为乌司他丁组161例,水化组160例。比较2组术前及术后2 d心、肾功能指标,观察2组心、肾功能变化差异及CIAKI发生情况。结果乌司他丁组术后2 d血清肌酐、尿素、胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸、N末端B型钠尿肽前体水平显著低于水化组,估算肾小球滤过率水平显著高于水化组(P<0.01)。321例中有62例(19.3%)符合CIAKI诊断,乌司他丁组17例,水化组45例,乌司他丁组与水化组比较有显著差异(10.6%vs 28.1%,P<0.01)。乌司他丁组合并高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症及高尿酸血症的患者CIAKI发生率较水化组显著降低(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,乌司他丁是发生CIAKI的保护因素(OR=0.348,95%CI:0.180~0.673,P=0.001)。结论乌司他丁可改善老年冠心病合并CKD患者的肾功能,降低CIAKI发生风险。

超声造影诊断经皮肝穿刺胆管引流置管滑脱后胆瘘1例

患者女,69岁,胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸,房间隔缺损、三尖瓣中度关闭不全,肺动脉高压;接受经皮肝穿刺胆管引流(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD)后置管滑脱伴轻微腹痛2天。查体:上腹部压痛阳性,无反跳痛及肌紧张,移动性浊音阴性。

超声造影成像对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺囊性皱缩结节诊断的临床应用

目的:探讨超声造影成像(CEUS)对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺囊性皱缩结节性质诊断效果.方法:选取2020年1月至2023年1月于本院就诊甲状腺结节患者中,被诊断为TI-RADS 4类甲状腺囊性皱缩结节的106例患者为研究对象,共112处病灶,纳入甲状腺囊性皱缩结节组(n=112).同期被同一家医院诊断的甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者101例作为对照,共105处病灶,纳入PTC组(n=105).采取回顾性分析法比较两组病灶的超声表现及CEUS特点,分析CEUS特异性指标诊断甲状腺囊性皱缩结节的效能.结果:甲状腺囊性皱缩结节组与PTC组整体、壁增强模式的CEUS结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CEUS无增强模式诊断甲状腺囊性皱缩结节的灵敏度为95.11%,准确度为97.12%;壁增强模式诊断甲状腺囊性皱缩结节的灵敏度为55.26%,准确度为78.31%.结论:TI-RADS 4类甲状腺囊性皱缩结节超声表现与PTC存在一定相似度,但是CEUS鉴别诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺囊性皱缩结节可减少误诊,降低分类,避免不需要的手术和穿刺活检,值得临床广泛应用.

分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT诊断急性胰腺炎继发胃肠瘘

目的评价分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT在诊断急性胰腺炎(AP)继发胃肠瘘(GIF)中的应用。资料与方法回顾性选取2017年1月—2022年12月湖南省人民医院连续收集的数据库中108例AP后期患者,记录其人口学信息和临床特征,行分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT筛查GIF,以此后5 d内的临床综合诊断结果作为参考标准,计算分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT诊断AP继发GIF的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度,评价两种方法诊断结果的一致性。结果分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT诊断AP继发GIF的敏感度为91.5%(95%CI 78.7%~97.2%),特异度为98.4%(95%CI 90.0%~99.9%),阳性预测值为97.7%(95%CI86.5%~99.9%),阴性预测值为93.8%(95%CI 84.0%~98.0%),准确度为95.4%(95%CI 91.4%~99.3%);两种方法的诊断结果一致性非常好,Kappa值为0.905;Mc Nemar’s检验P=0.375,提示两种方法诊断GIF及其亚组的结果差异均无统计学意义。结论分时段口服稀释碘剂后全腹部平扫及增强多层螺旋CT可简单、无创、快速、准确诊断AP继发GIF,为临床诊疗提供更早、更精确和更可靠的影像依据。

超声造影评估2型糖尿病肾病肾脏血流灌注的价值

目的探讨超声造影定量评估肾脏血流灌注辅助诊断2型糖尿病肾病的应用价值。资料与方法前瞻性纳入2017年5月—2019年12月解放军总医院第一医学中心41例伴肾功能异常拟行肾脏穿刺的2型糖尿病患者,均行肾脏超声造影检查。比较糖尿病肾病和局灶节段性肾小球硬化症造影参数(肾皮质达峰时间、峰值强度、平均渡越时间、肾血流量曲线下面积)的差异,并分析造影参数与病理结果的相关性。结果41例患者中,病理诊断为糖尿病肾病30例,局灶节段性肾小球硬化症11例。糖尿病肾病组峰值强度和曲线下面积明显低于局灶节段性肾小球硬化症[峰值强度:3837.16(2449.16,5929.16)比8508.00(4334.88,21201.00),Z=-2.766,P=0.006;曲线下面积:0.14±0.05比0.19±0.05,t=-3.135,P=0.003]。糖尿病肾病组峰值强度与肾小球全球硬化率呈负相关(r=-0.489,P=0.006)。结论超声造影能够定量评估肾脏的血流灌注,对于辅助诊断2型糖尿病肾病具有一定临床价值。

对比剂脑病中国专家共识2023

对比剂脑病(CIE)是血管内使用对比剂后发生的一种少见的神经系统并发症,因其临床表现缺乏特异性,易被忽视。近年来,随着不同学科介入诊疗技术的广泛开展,关于CIE的报道逐年增加。目前,国内外尚无关于CIE的统一诊疗规范。中国医师协会神经介入专业委员会组织有关专家讨论并共同撰写该共识,旨在为各级、各学科医师在预防、识别和处理CIE方面提供建议和参考。