2010-2020年江苏省牛乳中SCC变化模式对奶牛场隐性乳房炎发病规律的影响

奶牛隐性乳房炎(subclinical mastitis,SCM)是一种无症状表现的乳房炎,通常表现为体细胞数(somatic cell count,SCC)升高、乳脂率下降等。为探究SCC变化模式影响下江苏地区奶牛场SCM发病规律的因素,本研究收集了江苏地区14个牧场2010-2020年荷斯坦牛群体改良(dairy herd improvement,DHI)记录853936条,在划分4种SCC变化模式(持续健康、新感染、治愈和持续感染)基础上,利用卡方检验探究不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305 d产奶量对荷斯坦牛4种SCC变化模式的影响。结果表明:所有DHI记录中4种SCC变化模式百分比分别为83.52%(持续健康)、6.02%(新感染)、5.89%(持续感染)和4.57%(治愈),牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305 d产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式分布均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中,中小型牧场、较高胎次、春季产犊、产犊间隔大于441 d和305 d产奶量为13001~15000 kg的奶牛下一泌乳月SCC升高的概率较大,增加了奶牛患SCM风险;规模在5000头以上的牧场、1胎牛、秋季产犊和305 d产奶量为9001~11000 kg的奶牛持续健康的比例均最高。综上所述,牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305 d产奶量对SCC变化模式的分布均有极显著影响,该结果为江苏地区规模化牧场SCM防控提供了参考。

Recent Progress in Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Advanced Control Applications

Reinforcement learning(RL) has roots in dynamic programming and it is called adaptive/approximate dynamic programming(ADP) within the control community. This paper reviews recent developments in ADP along with RL and its applications to various advanced control fields. First, the background of the development of ADP is described, emphasizing the significance of regulation and tracking control problems. Some effective offline and online algorithms for ADP/adaptive critic control are displayed, where the main results towards discrete-time systems and continuous-time systems are surveyed, respectively.Then, the research progress on adaptive critic control based on the event-triggered framework and under uncertain environment is discussed, respectively, where event-based design, robust stabilization, and game design are reviewed. Moreover, the extensions of ADP for addressing control problems under complex environment attract enormous attention. The ADP architecture is revisited under the perspective of data-driven and RL frameworks,showing how they promote ADP formulation significantly.Finally, several typical control applications with respect to RL and ADP are summarized, particularly in the fields of wastewater treatment processes and power systems, followed by some general prospects for future research. Overall, the comprehensive survey on ADP and RL for advanced control applications has d emonstrated its remarkable potential within the artificial intelligence era. In addition, it also plays a vital role in promoting environmental protection and industrial intelligence.

SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型联合p53检测在宫颈癌早期筛查中的诊断效能

目的分析鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC⁃Ag)、HPV人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)分型联合血清p53抑癌基因检测在宫颈癌早期筛查中的诊断效能。方法选取扬州市第二人民医院2022年5月至2023年5月宫颈癌女性45例为宫颈癌组,选取宫颈良性肿瘤女性43例为宫颈良性肿瘤组,另选取同期本院体检中心健康体检志愿者42名为对照组,比较三组SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型及p53的检测结果;分析较宫颈癌组和宫颈良性肿瘤组HPV分型结果,以病理诊断为金标准,分析SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型及p53检测单一以及联合诊断宫颈癌的一致性;绘制ROC曲线,分析SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型、p53单一及联合检测对宫颈癌的诊断效能。结果宫颈癌组SCC⁃Ag水平高于宫颈良性肿瘤组、对照组,HPV分型、p53阳性表达例数多于宫颈良性肿瘤组、对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);宫颈癌组高危亚型感染率高于宫颈良性肿瘤组,低危亚型低于宫颈良性肿瘤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型及p53单一及联合筛查宫颈癌与病理学检查结果的一致性Kappa值分别为:0.767、0.729、0.712、0.932;ROC曲线显示,SCC⁃Ag+HPV分型+p53联合检测诊断宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度、AUC分别为92.76%、87.28%、0.906,明显高于三者单一检测(P<0.05)。结论SCC⁃Ag、HPV分型联合p53检测的诊断效能高于三者单一检测,提示三者联合检测可显著提高宫颈癌早期筛查的诊断效能,可为制定临床治疗方案提供一定参考依据。

Finite-time Prescribed Performance Time-Varying Formation Control for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems With Non-Strict Feedback Based on a Neural Network Observer

This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation control with finite-time prescribed performance for nonstrict feedback second-order multi-agent systems with unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities.To eliminate nonlinearities,neural networks are applied to approximate the inherent dynamics of the system.In addition,due to the limitations of the actual working conditions,each follower agent can only obtain the locally measurable partial state information of the leader agent.To address this problem,a neural network state observer based on the leader state information is designed.Then,a finite-time prescribed performance adaptive output feedback control strategy is proposed by restricting the sliding mode surface to a prescribed region,which ensures that the closed-loop system has practical finite-time stability and that formation errors of the multi-agent systems converge to the prescribed performance bound in finite time.Finally,a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Vibration Control of A Flexible Marine Riser System Subject to Input Dead Zone and Extraneous Disturbances

An observer-based adaptive backstepping boundary control is proposed for vibration control of flexible offshore riser systems with unknown nonlinear input dead zone and uncertain environmental disturbances.The control algorithm can update the control law online through real-time data to make the controller adapt to the environment and improve the control precision.Specifically,based on the adaptive backstepping framework,virtual control laws and Lyapunov functions are designed for each subsystem.Three direction interference observers are designed to track the timevarying boundary disturbance.On this basis,the inverse of the dead zone and linear state transformation are used to compensate for the original system and eliminate the adverse effects of the dead zone.In addition,the stability of the closed-loop system is proven by Lyapunov stability theory.All the system states are bounded,and the vibration offset of the riser converges to a small area of the initial position.Finally,four examples of flexible marine risers are simulated in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

SCC,NSE在肺部感染性疾病中的表达

探讨鳞状细胞相关抗原(SCC)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)在肺部感染中的表达情况。方法 选取本院2022年1月至2023年2月间收治的肺部感染性疾病患者作为研究对象,共计80例,并择取同期的70例健康体检者为对照组,比较两组SCC、NSE的变化,并对肺部感染性疾病患者于治疗后检测SCC、NSE,分析较治疗前其SCC、NSE的变化。结果 观察组SCC、NSE水平较对照组高(P<0.05)。肺炎、肺结核、支气管肺炎SCC、NSE水平均呈上升趋势,组间对比(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后SCC、NSE水平较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 NSE与 SCC在肺部感染中的表达呈正相关,可作为评价肺部感染严重程度,临床治疗有效性的指标,具有一定临床应用价值。

Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza through vaccination

The stamping-out strategy has been used to control highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in many countries,driven by the belief that vaccination would not be successful against such viruses and fears that avian influenza virus in vaccinated birds would evolve more rapidly and pose a greater risk to humans.In this review,we summarize the successes in controlling highly pathogenic avian influenza in China and make suggestions regarding the requirements for vaccine selection and effectiveness.In addition,we present evidence that vaccination of poultry not only eliminates human infection with avian influenza virus,but also significantly reduces and abolishes some harmful characteristics of avian influenza virus.

An Integrated Control Framework for Torque Vectoring and Active Suspension System

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(FWID-EV)endow a flexible and scalable control framework to improve vehicle performance.This paper integrates the torque vectoring and active suspension system(ASS)to enhance the vehicle’s longitudinal and vertical motion control performance.While the nonlinear characteristic of the tire model leads to a relatively heavier computational burden.To facilitate the controller design and ease the load,a half-vehicle dynamics system is built and simplified to the linear-time-varying(LTV)model.Then a model predictive controller is developed by formulating the objective function by comprehensively considering the safety,energy-saving and comfort requirements.The in-wheel motor efficiency and the power loss of tire slip are treated as optimization indices in this work to reduce energy consumption.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through the rapid-control-prototype(RCP)test.The results demonstrate the enhancement of the energy-saving as well as comfort on the basis of vehicle stability.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A Blockchain-Based Access Control Scheme for Reputation Value Attributes of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things(IoT)access controlmechanism may encounter security issues such as single point of failure and data tampering.To address these issues,a blockchain-based IoT reputation value attribute access control scheme is proposed.Firstly,writing the reputation value as an attribute into the access control policy,and then deploying the access control policy in the smart contract of the blockchain system can enable the system to provide more fine-grained access control;Secondly,storing a large amount of resources fromthe Internet of Things in Inter Planetary File System(IPFS)to improve system throughput;Finally,map resource access operations to qualification tokens to improve the performance of the access control system.Complete simulation experiments based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform.Fromthe simulation experimental results,it can be seen that the access control system can achieve more fine-grained and dynamic access control while maintaining high throughput and low time delay,providing sufficient reliability and security for access control of IoT devices.

A Review on Vibration Control of Multiple Cylinders Subjected to FlowInduced Vibrations

The fatigue damage caused by flow-induced vibration(FIV)is one of the major concerns for multiple cylindrical structures in many engineering applications.The FIV suppression is of great importance for the security of many cylindrical structures.Many active and passive control methods have been employed for the vibration suppression of an isolated cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibrations(VIV).The FIV suppression methods are mainly extended to the multiple cylinders from the vibration control of the isolated cylinder.Due to the mutual interference between the multiple cylinders,the FIV mechanism is more complex than the VIV mechanism,which makes a great challenge for the FIV suppression.Some efforts have been devoted to vibration suppression of multiple cylinder systems undergoing FIV over the past two decades.The control methods,such as helical strakes,splitter plates,control rods and flexible sheets,are not always effective,depending on many influence factors,such as the spacing ratio,the arrangement geometrical shape,the flow velocity and the parameters of the vibration control devices.The FIV response,hydrodynamic features and wake patterns of the multiple cylinders equipped with vibration control devices are reviewed and summarized.The FIV suppression efficiency of the vibration control methods are analyzed and compared considering different influence factors.Further research on the FIV suppression of multiple cylinders is suggested to provide insight for the development of FIV control methods and promote engineering applications of FIV control methods.

Communication Resource-Efficient Vehicle Platooning Control With Various Spacing Policies

Platooning represents one of the key features that connected automated vehicles may possess as it allows multiple automated vehicles to be maneuvered cooperatively with small headways on roads. However, a critical challenge in accomplishing automated vehicle platoons is to deal with the effects of intermittent and sporadic vehicle-to-vehicle data transmissions caused by limited wireless communication resources. This paper addresses the co-design problem of dynamic event-triggered communication scheduling and cooperative adaptive cruise control for a convoy of automated vehicles with diverse spacing policies. The central aim is to achieve automated vehicle platooning under various gap references with desired platoon stability and spacing performance requirements, while simultaneously improving communication efficiency. Toward this aim, a dynamic event-triggered scheduling mechanism is developed such that the intervehicle data transmissions are scheduled dynamically and efficiently over time. Then, a tractable co-design criterion on the existence of both the admissible event-driven cooperative adaptive cruise control law and the desired scheduling mechanism is derived. Finally, comparative simulation results are presented to substantiate the effectiveness and merits of the obtained results.

A 16-bit 18-MSPS flash-assisted SAR ADC with hybrid synchronous and asynchronous control logic

This paper presents a 16-bit,18-MSPS(million samples per second)flash-assisted successive-approximation-register(SAR)analog-to-digital converter(ADC)utilizing hybrid synchronous and asynchronous(HYSAS)timing control logic based on an on-chip delay-locked loop(DLL).The HYSAS scheme can provide a longer settling time for the capacitive digital-to-analog converter(CDAC)than the synchronous and asynchronous SAR ADC.Therefore,the issue of incomplete settling or ringing in the DAC voltage for cases of either on-chip or off-chip reference voltage can be solved to a large extent.In addition,the fore-ground calibration of the CDAC’s mismatch is performed with a finite-impulse-response bandpass filter(FIR-BPF)based least-mean-square(LMS)algorithm in an off-chip FPGA(field programmable gate array).Fabricated in 40-nm CMOS process,the proto-type ADC achieves 94.02-dB spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR),and 75.98-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR)for a 2.88-MHz input under 18-MSPS sampling rate.

Distributed Platooning Control of Automated Vehicles Subject to Replay Attacks Based on Proportional Integral Observers

Secure platooning control plays an important role in enhancing the cooperative driving safety of automated vehicles subject to various security vulnerabilities.This paper focuses on the distributed secure control issue of automated vehicles affected by replay attacks.A proportional-integral-observer(PIO)with predetermined forgetting parameters is first constructed to acquire the dynamical information of vehicles.Then,a time-varying parameter and two positive scalars are employed to describe the temporal behavior of replay attacks.In light of such a scheme and the common properties of Laplace matrices,the closed-loop system with PIO-based controllers is transformed into a switched and time-delayed one.Furthermore,some sufficient conditions are derived to achieve the desired platooning performance by the view of the Lyapunov stability theory.The controller gains are analytically determined by resorting to the solution of certain matrix inequalities only dependent on maximum and minimum eigenvalues of communication topologies.Finally,a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

宫颈癌患者血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平与细胞凋亡指数相关性的研究

目的探讨宫颈癌患者不同临床病理特征的血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、糖链抗原125(CA125)及可溶程序性死亡分子1(PD-L1)水平的变化,以及其与细胞凋亡指数的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2022年2月在湖北民族大学附属民大医院就诊的76例宫颈癌患者为实验组,另选同时期在院进行体检的76例健康妇女为对照组。采用电化学发光法测定两组的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平;采用流式细胞术检测两组的细胞凋亡指数;比较两组的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平及细胞凋亡指数,分析血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平与细胞凋亡指数的相关性。结果实验组的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为28.539、18.713、14.414,P<0.05)。实验组的细胞凋亡指数(6.87±2.89)高于对照组的细胞凋亡指数(2.44±0.56),差异有统计学意义(t=13.132,P<0.001)。临床分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期宫颈癌患者的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平均高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期者(t值分别为14.444、6.047、8.401,P<0.05);肿瘤分化程度为高分化宫颈癌患者的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平均高于中分化和低分化者(F值分别为177.105、32.848、31.386,P<0.05);淋巴结转移宫颈癌患者的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平均高于淋巴结未转移者(t值分别为6.659、7.356、6.460,P<0.05);不同病理分类(鳞状细胞癌与腺癌)宫颈癌患者的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。宫颈癌患者的血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平均与细胞凋亡指数呈正相关(r值分别为0.689、0.662、0.495,P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌患者血清SCC、CA125及PD-L1水平显著升高,与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度及淋巴结转移密切相关,且均与细胞凋亡指数呈正相关,其可为临床宫颈癌的诊断治疗及监测提供参考。

Preoperative controlling nutritional status as an optimal prognostic nutritional index to predict the outcome for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score effectively reflects a patient’s nutritional status,which is closely related to cancer prognosis.This study invest-igated the relationship between the CONUT score and prognosis after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and compared the predictive ability of the CONUT score with other indexes.AIM To analyze the predictive performance of the CONUT score for the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients who underwent potentially curative resection.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 217 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal.The CONUT score was calculated based on the serum albumin level,total lymphocyte count,and total cholesterol level.The cutoff value of the CONUT score for predicting prognosis was 4 according to the Youden Index by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The associations between the CONUT score and the prognosis were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.RESULTS Using the cutoff value of the CONUT score,patients were stratified into CONUT low(n=189)and CONUT high groups(n=28).The CONUT high group had worse overall survival(OS)(P=0.013)and relapse-free survival(RFS)(P=0.015).The predictive performance of CONUT was superior to the modified Glasgow prognostic score,the prognostic nutritional index,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Meanwhile,the predictive performances of CONUT+tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage for 3-year OS[area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)=0.803]and 3-year RFS(AUC=0.752)were no less than skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)+TNM stage.The CONUT score was negatively correlated with SMI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION As a nutritional indicator,the CONUT score could predict long-term outcomes after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and its predictive ability was superior to other indexes.The correlation between the CONUT score and skeletal muscle may be one of the factors that play a predictive role.

Path Planning and Tracking Control for Parking via Soft Actor-Critic Under Non-Ideal Scenarios

Parking in a small parking lot within limited space poses a difficult task. It often leads to deviations between the final parking posture and the target posture. These deviations can lead to partial occupancy of adjacent parking lots, which poses a safety threat to vehicles parked in these parking lots. However, previous studies have not addressed this issue. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the impact of parking deviation of existing vehicles next to the target parking lot(PDEVNTPL) on the automatic ego vehicle(AEV) parking, in terms of safety, comfort, accuracy, and efficiency of parking. A segmented parking training framework(SPTF) based on soft actor-critic(SAC) is proposed to improve parking performance. In the proposed method, the SAC algorithm incorporates strategy entropy into the objective function, to enable the AEV to learn parking strategies based on a more comprehensive understanding of the environment. Additionally, the SPTF simplifies complex parking tasks to maintain the high performance of deep reinforcement learning(DRL). The experimental results reveal that the PDEVNTPL has a detrimental influence on the AEV parking in terms of safety, accuracy, and comfort, leading to reductions of more than 27%, 54%, and 26%respectively. However, the SAC-based SPTF effectively mitigates this impact, resulting in a considerable increase in the parking success rate from 71% to 93%. Furthermore, the heading angle deviation is significantly reduced from 2.25 degrees to 0.43degrees.

CA125、SCC、SOX2-Ab联合检测对早期肺癌诊断的临床价值研究

目的探讨血清糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCC)及干细胞核心转录因子性别决定区Y框蛋白2自身抗体(Sox2 autoantibodies,SOX2-Ab)联合检测对早期肺癌诊断的临床价值。方法选择2020年7月至2021年6月在聊城市第二人民医院进行健康查体者、肺部良性结节者、肺癌患者各50例,分别为查体组、良性结节组和肺癌组。应用化学发光分析仪及其相应配套试剂测定三组受试者血清CA125、SCC水平,选用适用的酶联免疫吸附试验测定三组受试者SOX2-Ab蛋白含量,并计算受试者操作特征曲线。结果肺癌组患者血清CA125、SCC、SOX2-Ab的水平分别为38.50(22.75,51.25)U/ml、3.08(1.40,3.60)ng/ml、13.45(10.80,15.43)ng/ml,均高于查体组、良性结节组;CA125、SCC、SOX2-Ab联合检测对早期肺癌的检测敏感度、特异性、准确性分别为91%、61%、86%,除特异性外均优于CA125、SCC、SOX2-Ab单独检测。结论CA125、SCC、SOX2-Ab联合检测对早期肺癌诊断敏感度较高,可作为早期肺癌筛查的检测方案。

Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control for Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots:A Barrier Function Sliding Mode Approach

The trajectory tracking control performance of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots(NWMRs)is subject to nonholonomic constraints,system uncertainties,and external disturbances.This paper proposes a barrier function-based adaptive sliding mode control(BFASMC)method to provide high-precision,fast-response performance and robustness for NWMRs.Compared with the conventional adaptive sliding mode control,the proposed control strategy can guarantee that the sliding mode variables converge to a predefined neighborhood of origin with a predefined reaching time independent of the prior knowledge of the uncertainties and disturbances bounds.Another advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the control gains can be adaptively adjusted to follow the disturbances amplitudes thanks to the barrier function.The benefit is that the overestimation of control gain can be eliminated,resulting in chattering reduction.Moreover,a modified barrier function-like control gain is employed to prevent the input saturation problem due to the physical limit of the actuator.The stability analysis and comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed BFASMC can ensure the prespecified convergence performance of the NWMR system output variables and strong robustness against uncertainties/disturbances.

A Tutorial on Quantized Feedback Control

In this tutorial paper, we explore the field of quantized feedback control, which has gained significant attention due to the growing prevalence of networked control systems. These systems require the transmission of feedback information, such as measurements and control signals, over digital networks, presenting novel challenges in estimation and control design. Our examination encompasses various topics, including the minimal information needed for effective feedback control, the design of quantizers, strategies for quantized control design and estimation,achieving consensus control with quantized data, and the pursuit of high-precision tracking using quantized measurements.