On the Generalization of Integrator and Integral Control Action

This paper provides a solution to generalize the integrator and the integral control action. It is achieved by defining two function sets to generalize the integrator and the integral control action, respectively, resorting to a stabilizing controller and adopting Lyapunov method to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system. By originating a powerful Lyapunov function, a universal theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability is established by some bounded information. Consequently, the justification of two propositions on the generalization of integrator and integral control action is verified. Moreover, the conditions used to define the function sets can be viewed as a class of sufficient conditions to design the integrator and the integral control action, respectively.

Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human Intelligence

A multi-modal action control approach is proposed for an autonomous soccer robot when the bottom hardware is unchangeable. Different from existing methods, the proposed control approach defines actions with the principle of ＂perception-planning-action＂ inspired by human intelligence. Character extraction is used to divide the perception input into different modes. Different control modes are built by combining different control methods for the linear velocity and angular velocity. Based on production rules, the motion control is realized by connecting different perceptions to the corresponding control mode. Simulation and real experiments are conducted with the middle-sized robot Frontier-I, and the proposed method is compared with a proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control method to display its feasibility and performance. The results show that the multi-modal action control method can make robots react rapidly in a dynamic environment.

Application of Statistical Process Control for Setting Action Thresholds as Quality Assurance of Dose Verifications in External Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

Characteristics of mining gas channel expansion in the remote overlying strata and its control of gas flow

The technology of pressure relief gas drainage is one of the most effective and economic for preventing gas emissions in underground mines.Based on current understanding of strata breakage and fracture development in overlying strata,the current study divides the overlying strata into the following three longitudinal zones in terms of the state of gas flow:a turbulent channel zone,a transitional circulation channel zone and a seepage channel zone.According to the key strata discrimination theory of controlling the overlying strata,the calculation method establishes that the step-type expansion of the mining gas channel corresponds to the advancing distance of working face,and this research also confrms the expanding rule that the mining gas channel in overlying strata follows the advancing distance of mining working face.Based on the geological conditions of Xinjing Coal Mine of Yangquan,this paper researches the expanding rule of mining gas channel as well as the control action of the channel acting on the pressure relief flow under the condition of the remote protective layer,and got the distance using inversion that the step-type expanding of mining gas channel is corresponding to the advancing distance of working face,which verifes the accuracy and feasibility of theoretical calculation method proposed in this study.The research provides the theoretical basis for choosing the technology of pressure relief gas drainage and designing the parameters of construction.

放线菌防治根结线虫的作用机制及研究进展

根结线虫病是全球性植物土传病害,每年造成巨大经济损失。传统的线虫防治方法因成本高、毒性大、线虫易产生抗药性、危害生态环境等原因不符合农业生产绿色可持续发展的理念。放线菌因其能适应各种生境,代谢产物丰富,且能通过诱导植物产生免疫防御,调节植物根部微生物区系,分泌多种酶等方式来安全高效地防治根结线虫病而广受关注和研究。本文主要综述了放线菌防治根结线虫的作用机制及目前所取得的研究进展,以期为开发、应用放线菌资源进行线虫生物防治提供帮助。

植物根际促生菌在烟草根茎类病害防治中的应用研究进展

烟草是重要的经济作物,经济价值高。烟草根茎类病害的发生导致一定的烟草损失。本文阐述了烟草根黑腐病、烟草黑胫病和烟草青枯病等烟草根茎类病害的发生和危害,分析了烟草根茎类病害的防治现状,包括农业防治、化学防治和生物防治等内容,提出了植物根际促生菌的研究进展,探讨了其作用机制及在防治烟草病害中的应用前景,总结了用于防治烟草病害的植物根际促生菌主要种类,提出了相关展望,以期为有效防治烟草根茎类病害和推广应用植物根际促生菌提供参考。

贯叶连翘的历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

贯叶连翘是我国传统中药之一,在宋代之前作为连翘中的“小翘”应用于临床,为今之“贯叶金丝桃”的带根全草,具有收敛止血,清热解毒,利湿等功效。主要含有黄酮类、间苯三酚类、萘骈二蒽酮类、挥发油类、酚酸类等化学成分。现代药理研究表明贯叶连翘具有抗抑郁、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝及抗纤维化等作用,其药理作用的机制较为复杂,部分机制还有待进一步深入研究。本文对贯叶连翘历史沿革、化学成分、质量控制及药理作用等方面进行文献整理并展开综述,以期为贯叶连翘的药用部位扩展及后续深入开发研究提供参考和依据。

数字经济风险现象、形成机制研究综述

数字经济在经济结构中重要性的不断提升带动了相关理论研究的发展,但针对数字经济风险的研究较为滞后、零散,难以刻画其风险现象、形成与作用机制。本文通过对国内外相关文献的系统梳理,聚焦数字经济发展对经济风险基本理论发展的影响,基于“内涵界定—风险现象—形成机制”的逻辑链条,系统解析了数字经济风险的内涵与特征、风险现象,以及技术变革下的数字经济风险研究动态,初步构建了一个数字经济风险理论体系框架。

阿托品在近视防控中的临床应用研究进展

随着近视率的持续上升,近视防控的研究已成为眼科研究领域的热点。大量临床研究实验表明阿托品在儿童近视防控方面具有显著的临床意义。阿托品滴眼液是经循证医学验证能有效延缓近视进展的药物,但目前其作用机制还不十分明确,药物疗效、不良反应等也存在较大的个体差异。通过研究总结近年来阿托品的相关临床实验成果,对阿托品的近视防控作用机制、药物浓度疗效、不良反应等进行归纳总结。

煤矿顶板风险动作原因及控制策略研究

中国属于世界范围内的煤矿大国,煤矿安全生产对于中国能源安全具有相当重要的现实意义,随着煤矿企业安全技术的不断提升,中国煤矿企业安全状况明显改善,但仍旧存在很多问题亟待解决,其中,煤矿顶板事故仍旧是困扰众多工作人员的问题。通过对相关文献进行查阅,从风险动作角度着手,对煤矿顶板事故的原因进行分析,并提出特定控制策略,以期提升相关单位对煤矿顶板安全事故的管理质量。

基于非冲突合流策略的交叉口灵活信号控制方法

汽车行业智能化和网联化的发展使车辆轨迹能够实现精细化控制,为改进城市交叉口交通信号控制方法提供了新思路。本文提出一种基于非冲突合流策略的灵活信号控制方法,将同时容纳直行和左转来车的合流相位定义为非冲突相位,在双环相位结构基础上融入合流策略,形成一种具备12个动作空间的双环合流信号相位结构。在优化相位结构基础上,进一步提出改进的强化学习算法求解信号配时,以车辆到达情况为输入,当前状态下车辆等待时间最小为目标,充分考虑双环结构下相位切换的实际规律,学习当前状态下的最优相位控制策略。在SUMO(Simulation of Urban Mobility)仿真中根据算例需求生成场景数据,对比传统双环结构和双环合流相位结构在感应控制和改进强化学习算法下的不同控制策略的性能指标,分析网联车渗透率对控制效果的影响。结果显示:基于非冲突合流策略和改进强化学习算法能够在提升相位切换灵活性的基础上生成更加符合现实规律的相位配时方案;在不同交通流量条件,尤其是高流量和交通量分布不均衡的场景下,相较于双环相位结构和感应控制方法降低约37%的车均延误,提升了信号控制方案实际运行效果。

重塑交往:校园欺凌行为的发生机制与防治路径——基于37名欺凌卷入者的访谈

学生交往的基本范式与过程可作为评判青少年社会认知水平的内在依据,并影响着学生欺凌行为的选择。基于哈贝马斯的交往行为理论,结合对37名中小学欺凌者、被欺凌者的深度访谈发现,校园欺凌行为的发生源于以自我为中心、虚假接受规范、伪装经验表达、偏离生活世界。防治校园欺凌应以重塑交往为目标:扩充理解向度,发挥有效沟通的积极作用;加强规则教育,凝聚他律与自律教育合力;转变互动模式,唤醒旁观者积极角色意识;明确交往导向,把握生活世界的价值意蕴。

草乌化学成分、药理作用、毒性及蒙医学毒性控制方法概述

草乌所含的特征性成分二萜类生物碱是其主要毒性成分也是有效成分,具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、抗病毒、强心、抗肿瘤、局部麻醉等药理活性的同时也存在各种毒性作用。故传统医药通常通过炮制或配伍,降低其毒性,保障临床用药安全。作为中医药的重要组成部分蒙医药在这方面优势更为突出。

近距离下煤层中空注浆锚索注浆前后周边剪应力作用机理

为解决近距离下煤层破碎巷道围岩难以控制的问题,基于理论分析和数值模拟研究中空注浆锚索注浆前后对破碎围岩的控制效果,即注浆前后中空注浆锚索与围岩的周边剪应力作用机理。结果表明:注浆前锚固段符合粘弹性本构模型,剪应力曲线呈现线性增加到非线性下降再到稳定的单峰值,注浆后巷道周围预应力场沿锚索形成一个渐变式的整体,使巷道围岩应力场重新分布,剪应力强度随之降低,应力曲线转变二次线性快速增加到非线性快速下降再到稳定的双峰值曲线,有效提高破碎围岩和软岩巷道的抗剪强度。

构造作用对常规-非常规油气连续聚积耦合成藏控制机制——以川东南平桥地区为例

为探索川东南平桥地区构造作用对常规和非常规气藏成藏过程的动态控制作用及差异,基于地震、地质和包裹体等资料,根据断层相关褶皱理论,系统剖析了该区构造特征及演化过程、常规气藏和非常规气藏动态成藏过程及构造对两者影响的差异性,建立了典型常规—非常规油气连续聚集耦合成藏模式。平桥地区位于川东南SE-NW前展式递进变形带中,受多套滑脱层和江南—雪峰造山带联合控制,发育断展构造和背冲构造。平桥背斜构造形成于燕山期。中燕山期,受江南—雪峰构造体系前展式扩展影响,研究区发生NE向强烈断褶作用。晚燕山期—喜马拉雅期川中隆起阻挡和青藏高原隆升使平桥背斜不断抬升;寒武系筇竹寺组和奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组烃源岩在早燕山期及以前主要经历了长期的埋藏生烃,中燕山期构造变形扩展至研究区,常规气藏储层(洗象池群)、盖层、油气圈闭及运移均受到影响,气藏保存条件较差。非常规气层被改造成为背斜构造,页岩气向背斜核部聚集,整体保存条件较好。晚燕山期—喜马拉雅期,地层隆升泄压,两类气藏保存条件继续变差。因此,构造作用对常规气藏和非常规气藏成藏控制差异体现在控制方式和改造时间上:中燕山期侧向供烃是常规气藏成藏的关键;晚白垩世构造活动改造和晚燕山期—喜马拉雅期构造抬升影响了页岩气的保存。

基于强化学习的公交站场服务中断防治策略

为缓解公交站场的服务中断问题,提出一种基于强化学习的动态发车控制策略。策略利用长短期记忆(LSTM)模型对公交行程时间进行预测,使智能体感知站场车辆与运行车辆的车头时距状态,以更好地评估决策的长期影响。针对站场无车可发的场景,在计算动作概率分布时应用状态相关可微函数将无效动作遮蔽,避免智能体下发无效指令。通过奖励函数对大发车间隔进行惩罚,并使用近端策略优化(PPO)对模型进行训练。仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,所提方法不仅能有效避免公交站场服务中断,而且使车辆载客率更均衡,乘客等待时间更少,车辆利用效率更高。

护理专案行动干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果

目的探究护理专案行动干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法选取2019年10月至2021年10月的100例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分成对照组和试验组,各50例。对照组采取常规护理,试验组接受护理专案行动干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,试验组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、焦虑、抑郁、压力评分低于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、糖尿病自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)各维度评分及总分高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的不良妊娠结局总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论护理专案行动干预可提升妊娠期糖尿病患者的自我管理行为,改善心理状况,调节糖脂水平。

接触器的无传感器分合闸位移跟踪控制技术

为提高接触器的动作特性一致性,该文提出接触器无传感器的分合闸位移跟踪控制技术。首先,利用神经网络结合机械运动模型构建参数估计器,仅输入线圈电流即可实时估算全过程的电磁吸力、弹簧反力及动铁心位移。之后,在起动及分断过程中,采用基于模糊逻辑的位移外环控制吸力内环的双闭环结构,实现分合闸位移的实时精确跟踪;在保持过程中,仅采用吸力单闭环控制,通过设定合适的恒定吸力裕量使保持吸力始终大于反力,兼顾接触器的可靠保持和节能运行。通过仿真和实验验证方案的可行性,可知所提参数估计方法及闭环控制策略对电磁开关的高性能控制具有重要意义。