Simulation realization of skip cycle mode integrated control circuit in the switching power supply with low standby loss

This paper explores and proposes a design solution of an integrated skip cycle mode （SCM） control circuit with a simple structure. The design is simulated and implemented with XD10H-1.0μm modular DIMOS 650 V process. In order to meet the requirement of a wide temperature range and high yields of products, the schematic extracted from the layout is simulated with five process corners at 27℃ and 90℃. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated circuit is immune to noise and achieves skipping cycle control when switching mode power supply （SMPS） works with low load or without load.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Adaptive Quasi-PID Control Method for Switching Power Amplifiers

Quasi-PID control method that is able to effectively inhibit the inherent tracking error of PI control method is proposed on the basis of a rounded theoretical analysis of a model of switching power amplifiers (SPAs). To avoid the harmful impacts of the circuit parameter variations and the random disturbances on quasi-PID control method, a single neuron is introduced to endow it with self-adaptability. Quasi-PID control method and the single neuron combine with each other perfectly, and their formation is named as single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method. Simulation and experimental results show that single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method can accurately track both the predictable and the unpredictable waveforms. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that the accuracy of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is comparable to that of linear power amplifiers (LPAs) and so can fulfill the requirements of some high-accuracy applications, such as protective relay test. Such accuracy is very difficult to be achieved by many modern control methods for converter controls. Compared with other modern control methods, the programming realization of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is more suitable for real-time applications and realization on low-end microprocessors for its simple structure and lower computational complexity.

Multi-mode controller IC for soft-switched flyback converter with high efficiency over the entire load range

This paper presents a multi-mode control scheme for a soft-switched flyback converter to achieve high efficiency and excellent load regulation over the entire load range. At heavy load, critical conduction mode with valley switching (CCMVS) is employed to realize soft switching so as to reduce turn-on loss of power switch as well as conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). At light load, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with valley switching and adaptive off-time control (AOT) to limit the switching frequency range and maintain load regulation. At extremely light load or in standby mode, burst mode operation is adopted to provide low power consumption through reducing both switching frequency and static power dissipation of the controller. The multi-mode control is implemented by an oscillator whose pulse duration is adjusted by output feedback. An accurate valley switching control circuit guarantees the minimum turn-on voltage drop of power switch. The pro-totype of the controller IC was fabricated in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS process and applied to a 310 V/20 V, 90 W flyback DC/DC converter circuitry. Experimental results showed that all expected functions were realized successfully. The flyback converter achieved a high efficiency of over 80% from full load down to 2.5 W, with the maximum reaching 88.8%, while the total power consumption in standby mode was about 300 mW.

Modeling analysis and optimization design of the thermostatical control system of laser instrument of the semiconductor

Influence produced by the heat effect at work of the laser instrument crystal of the semiconductor, the text designs a kind of temperature control system to the crystal of the laser instrument, using the thought and method of the classical control theory to analyze this temperature control system, and establishes mathematics model. According to mathematics model the text demonstrated the system at S field and time- area, and proposed optimizing basis to the total mark of proportion and differential parameter to con- troller PID, thus proposed a kind of temperature control scheme. And the thermostatically system is simulated by MATLAB.

DeviceNet现场总线与对称分量法在电动机保护测控装置中的应用

基于DeviceNet现场总线与对称分量法,研制了集保护、报警、测量、控制与DeviceNet通信等多项功能于一体的电动机综合保护测控装置。深入研究了DeviceNet的通信机理,提出了该装置DeviceNet通信的实现方法,构建了针对该装置的对象模型和设备描述。针对对称分量法实际应用中两种系统接地方式均采用同一滤序计算公式的问题进行了分析和讨论,给出了分别适用于大电流、小电流接地系统的滤序计算公式。

基于Device Net现场总线的电动机综合保护测控装置

为提高继电保护装置的通信方法、实时响应及信号处理等性能,开发了一种基于DeviceNet总线的双CPU结构的电动机综合保护测控装置。在分析DeviceNet数据触发方式、通信连接、报文类型等关键技术的基础上,实现了针对该装置的对象建模和设备描述,并使其顺利通过联网测试。该装置集保护、测量、控制和通信等多种功能于一体。动态模拟试验和现场运行结果表明,该装置能对35 kV及以下电压等级的中压电动机的各种故障做出准确判断,并具有较高的测量精度和良好的控制性能。

A Novel Crowbar Impulse Current Circuit for Testing the Switch-Type SPD

A crowbar impulse current circuit for testing the switch-type surge protective device （SPD） is presented. The crowbar circuit consists of a computer control circuit, a trigger voltage pulse generator, a main discharging switch, and a crowbar pseudospark switch. The active trigger technology was studied in the crowbar impulse current circuit. The circuit monitors the main discharging current and generates a trigger signal at a proper time for the crowbar pseudospark switch operation. The trigger characteristics of the main discharge switch and the crowbar pseu- dospark switch were investigated. By monitoring the preset applied capacitor voltage, the gap distance of the main discharging switch could be adjusted to ensure a discharging delay time less than 2 μs. Equipped with a surface ttashover trigger device made of high relative perimittivity dielectric material BaTiO3 （εr = 3460）, the discharge delay time of the crowbar pseudospark switch is less than 85 ns, and the minimum operating voltage is less than 1% of its self-breakdown voltage. With a storage capacitor of 9 μF , an inductor of 18 μH and a crowbar pseudospark switch, a load of 30 mΩ and an applied capacitor voltage of 40 kV, an impulse current waveform of maximum 25 kA was generated with a rise time and time to half peak value of 17.2 μs and 336μs respectively.

Real-time and wearable functional electrical stimulation system for volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method

Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method.Through a series of novel design concepts,including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter,a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique,a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving,and two wearable armbands,a prototype system has been established with reduced size,power,and overall cost.Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects,the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy.Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension,hand grasp,and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency.This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs,effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients,and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.

Hybrid Control Strategy for Matrix Converter Fed Wind Energy Conversion System

In this paper, a hybrid control strategy for a matrix converter fed wind energy conversion system is presented. Since the wind speed may vary, output parameters like power, frequency and voltage may fluctuate. Hence it is necessary to design a system that regulates output parameters, such as voltage and frequency, and thereby provides a constant voltage and frequency output from the wind energy conversion system. Matrix converter is used in the proposed solution as the main power conditioner as a more efficient alternative when compared to traditional back-back converter structure. To control the output voltage, a vector modulation based refined control structure is used. A power tracker is included to maximize the mechanical output power of the turbine. Over current protection and clamp circuit input protection have been introduced to protect the system from over current. It reduces the spikes generated at the output of the converter. The designed system is capable of supplying an output voltage of constant frequency and amplitude within the expected ranges of input during the operation. The matrix converter control using direct modulation method, modified Venturini modulation method and vector modulation method was simulated, the results were compared and it was inferred that vector modulation method was superior to the other two methods. With the proposed technique, voltage transfer ratio and harmonic profile have been improved compared to the other two modulation techniques. The behaviour of the system is corroborated by MATLAB Simulink, and hardware is realized using an FPGA controller. Experimental results are found to be matching with the simulation results.

高压断路器操动机构驱动电机及其控制技术研究

高压断路器操动机构用电机驱动提高了断路器运行的可靠性与可控性,因此设计了一套适用于126 kV真空断路器的电机操动机构。基于操动机构动力学分析结果确定驱动电机转矩、转速要求,提出一种有限转角永磁无刷电机设计方案,研制样机进行联机试验完成动作要求检验。在此基础上,设计分段转矩控制策略,结合驱动电机输出转矩需求将操动机构的运动过程分为4个阶段,从降低触头碰撞、避免预击穿现象发生、提高断路器工作可靠性角度对各阶段电机输出转矩进行动态调节。结果表明:所研制的驱动电机配合分段转矩控制策略,在保证灭弧室对操动机构动作时间、动作速度要求的前提下,实现了操动机构的运动过程优化和工作可靠性提高,促进了断路器智能化操作进程。

具有切换特性和免疫控制的计算机病毒传播模型

针对目前计算机病毒传播建模研究中没有综合考虑安全防护以及病毒持续更新的影响,提出具有切换特性和免疫控制的计算机病毒SEIR(Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovery)传播模型。考虑安全防护措施和病毒更新的影响,构建切换型病毒传播模型,该模型由低防护子系统和高防护子系统构成。考虑免疫控制策略,构建切换脉冲型病毒传播模型。为验证模型的有效性,分别在BA无标度网络和SW小世界网络进行数值仿真,并且进行对比分析。实验结果表明:在SW小世界网络中免疫控制策略更能有效控制病毒的传播;低防护传播期与高防护传播期的比值越小,达到平稳时潜伏节点和感染节点的密度越小;病毒的更新周期越长,潜伏节点和感染节点的峰值密度越低。

基于自然容错开关表的五相永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

五相永磁同步电机(permanent-magnetsynchronous motor,PMSM)传统直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)存在相电流畸变严重、共模电压(common-modevoltage,CMV)高、转矩和磁链脉动大等问题,且无法实现相开路故障情况下的无扰运行。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于自然容错开关表的DTC策略。该策略根据PMSM开路故障前后基电压矢量的特点以及三次平面合成电压矢量为零的原则,构建虚拟矢量(virtual vector,VV),设计故障前后同一套自然容错开关表,进而不但抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,而且在故障前后均能降低三次谐波电流、减小转矩和磁链脉动、抑制CMV。实验结果验证所提策略的可行性。

船用无线电标校信标机程控频点切换的设计

船用无线电标校信标机是指能够为船载统一测控设备提供稳定跟踪信号的射频信号发生器。一般安装于探空气球内部或悬挂于无人机底部,经过飞行至一定高度和距离后,船载统一测控设备对该信标信号进行跟踪试验。当前船用无线电标校信标机在空中仅能工作在一个频点,若需要对多个工作频点进行标校则需要重复释放多个无线电信标机。为解决此问题,设计一种标校信标机外围变频控制电路,将该电路连接至标校信标机即可完成释放一个信标机开展多频点标校的难题。该变频电路以低功耗单片机STC89C52RC作为基本控制单元,结合DC⁃DC降压模块和电平转换模块,实现将多个预置工作频点信息按预定帧格式定时发送至信标机的功能。经过十余次海上航天测量试验的检验,结果表明程控变频控制电路运行稳定、控制精度高,节省了标校时间和经费预算。

基于PLC可控电源保护装置的优化设计

针对以电气设备为主的技能实训操作平台由于有时忘记关闭电源而引发的安全问题,设计一种集操作与保护为一体的电源保护装置。文章介绍该保护装置的结构设计,并从硬件及软件两个方面介绍了控制系统的设计。通过调试运行结果显示,该装置不仅能安全控制设备电源的通断,而且对长时间处于带电状态而无人操作的实训设备实现断电保护功能,在一定程度上消除了实训室的用电安全隐患,降低实训室的管理难度。

“光储直柔”建筑配电系统应用研究

以某项目为例分析“光储直柔”在建筑物中的应用,并对“光储直柔”系统的应用场景、建筑直流配电系统的关注点及“光储直柔”系统关键设备进行阐述。

电气控制技术在节水灌溉装置中的应用研究

以节水灌溉装置自动控制为研究对象,基于电气控制技术对灌溉装置控制系统硬件电路进行了设计,并对节水灌溉装置系统自动控制流程软件进行设计。工作时,传感器对种植区域内的温度和湿度参数进行采集,控制系统根据参数信息进行灌溉操作,可有效提高种植过程中的水资源利用率。所设计的控制系统能够将种植区域内的环境参数信息进行实时显示,便于系统应用人员进行操作控制。

自主研发的柔性套阴茎保护装置对包皮环切术后阴茎具有保护作用:一项前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨一种柔性套阴茎保护装置对包皮环切患者术后疼痛和伤口水肿的缓解作用。方法纳入2023年2月1日—2023年5月31日北京大学第三医院延安分院行包皮环切术的54例患者作为研究对象。采用随机数表法将患者分为试验组27例、对照组27例,试验组患者术后使用柔性套阴茎保护装置,对照组患者术后使用传统纱布包扎的方法,比较两组患者术后疼痛、伤口水肿和并发症发生情况。结果在疼痛方面,试验组术后6 h[(1.7±0.9)分vs.(3.3±1.9)分,P<0.001]和术后第2天[(2.0±1.3)分vs.(3.3±1.3)分,P<0.001]的疼痛评分均明显低于对照组,两组术后第4天和第7天的疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在水肿方面,试验组在术后第2天[(2.0±1.0)分vs.(4.0±0.8)分,P<0.001]、术后第4天[(1.5±1.2)分vs.(2.6±0.9)分,P<0.001]和术后第7天[(0.9±1.3)分vs.(2.3±1.5)分,P<0.001]的水肿评分均明显低于对照组。在并发症方面,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在接受包皮环切术的患者中使用柔性套阴茎保护装置有减少术后早期疼痛和减轻水肿的显著效果,在临床上有一定的应用价值,值得推广。