Geometric Analysis of Singularity for Single-Gimbal Control Moment Gyro Systems

This research is focused on the singularity analysis for single-gimbal control moment gyros systems （SCMGs） which include two types, with constant speed （CSCMG） or variable speed （VSCMG） rotors. Through angular momentum hypersurfaces of singular states, the passable and impassable singular points are discriminated easily, meanwhile the information about how much the angular momentum workspace as well as the steering capability available is provided directly. It is obvious that the null motions of steering laws are more effective for the five pyramid configuration（FPC） than for the pyramid configuration（PC） from the singular plots. The possible degenerate hyperbolic singular points of the preceding configurations are calculated and the distinctness of them is denoted by the Gaussian curvature. Furthermore, failure problems to steer integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） are also analyzed. A sufficient condition of choosing configurations of VSCMGs to guarantee the IPACS steering is given. The angular momentum envelops of VSCMGs, in a given energy and a limited range of rotor speeds, are plotted. The connection and distinctness between CSCMGs and VSCMGs are obtained from the point of view of envelops.

Underactuated spacecraft angular velocity stabilization and three-axis attitude stabilization using two single gimbal control moment gyros

Angular velocity stabilization control and attitude stabilization control for an underactuated spacecraft using only two single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as actuators is investigated. First of all, the dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft is established and the singularity of different configurations with the two SGCMGs is analyzed. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are installed in any direction, and that the total system angular momentum is not zero, a state feedback control law via Lyapunov method is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize the angular velocity of spacecraft. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are coaxially installed along anyone of the three principal axes of spacecraft inertia, and that the total system angular momentum is zero, a discontinuous state feedback control law is designed to stabilize three-axis attitude of spacecraft with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, the singularity escape of SGCMGs for the above two control problems is also studied. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the control laws.

CMG框架伺服控制与隔振器耦合稳定性分析

控制力矩陀螺(control moment gyroscope, CMG)是飞行器在轨姿态控制的重要执行机构之一,通过内部高速旋转的飞轮储存角动量,利用伺服机构驱动框架旋转输出力矩。安装隔振器可有效减少由高速旋转飞轮产生的不平衡力对飞行器上高精度载荷的影响。建立伺服机构三环控制模型和一个单自由度隔振器模型,揭示了隔振器引起伺服系统速度环耦合失稳的现象。通过分析隔振器频率、阻尼比、惯量等关键设计参数对速度环稳定性的影响,对隔振器进行详细设计,试验结果全流程验证了考虑伺服机构控制稳定性的CMG隔振器设计流程和隔振效果,为同类型产品设计提供了工程经验。

Attitude control of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro

Nonlinear controllability and attitude stabilization are studied for the underactuated nonholonomic dynamics of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro （VSCMG）, which supplies only two internal torques. Nonlinear controllability theory is used to show that the dynamics are locally controllable from the equilibrium point and thus can be asymptotically stabilized to the equilibrium point via time-invariant piecewise continuous feedback laws or time-periodic continuous feedback laws. Specifically, when the total angular momentum of the spacecraft-VSCMG system is zero, any orientation can be a controllable equilib- rium attitude. In this case, the attitude stabilization problem is addressed by designing a kinematic stabilizing law, which is implemented through a nonlinear proportional and deriva- tive controller, using the generalized dynamic inverse （GDI） method. The steady-state instability inherent in the GDI con- troller is elegantly avoided by appropriately choosing control gains. In order to obtain the command gimbal rate and wheel acceleration from control torques, a simple steering logic is constructed to accommodate the requirements of attitude sta- bilization and singularity avoidance of the VSCMG. Illustrative numerical examples verify the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.

Error analysis and a new steering law design for spacecraft control system using SGCMGs

Based on the singular value decomposition theory,this paper analyzed the mechanism of escaping/avoiding singularity using generalized and weighted singularity-robust steering laws for a spacecraft that uses single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as the actuator for the attitude control system.The expression of output-torque error is given at the point of singularity,proving the incompatible relationship between the gimbal rate and the output-torque error.The method of establishing a balance between the gimbal rate and the output-torque error is discussed,and a new steering law is designed.Simulation results show that the proposed steering law can effectively drive SGCMGs to escape away from singularities.

基于聚类变异PSO优化的VSCMGs模糊平滑切换算法

针对变速控制力矩陀螺(variable speed control moment gyro,VSCMG)作为执行机构应用在敏捷遥感卫星上进行姿态机动时末端模式切换的平稳性和快速性冲突问题,在考虑框架转速误差的基础上,设计姿态误差参数作为切换指标,制定误差参数切换区域内的过渡规则,将指令力矩实时分配给控制力矩陀螺(control moment gyro,CMG)和飞轮并分别求解,提出了一种控制力矩陀螺/反作用飞轮工作模式模糊平滑切换操纵律。为了使得姿态机动末端卫星姿态达到姿态稳定度和指向精度要求的时间更短,以该时间为优化指标提出聚类变异改进粒子群算法对该操纵律参数寻优,确定最佳的切换区域和切换参数,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明:改进后粒子群算法在相同的迭代次数中总是表现出比传统粒子群算法更优的适应度,具有更快的收敛速度和更高的收敛精度,参数优化后的模糊平滑切换操纵律相比于现有操纵律能够在较短时间内完成双模式的平滑切换,并在姿态机动末端更迅速地达到姿态稳定度和指向精度要求,提高了遥感卫星敏捷机动与高稳指向的控制性能,有利于高质量完成成像任务。

Cooperative game theory-based steering law design of a CMG system

Spacecraft require a large-angle manoeuvre when performing agile manoeuvring tasks, therefore a control moment gyroscope(CMG) is employed to provide a strong moment.However, the control of the CMG system easily falls into singularity, which renders the actuator unable to output the required moment. To solve the singularity problem of CMGs, the control law design of a CMG system based on a cooperative game is proposed. First, the cooperative game model is constructed according to the quadratic programming problem, and the cooperative strategy is constructed. When the strategy falls into singularity, the weighting coefficient is introduced to carry out the strategy game to achieve the optimal strategy. In theory, it is proven that the cooperative game manipulation law of the CMG system converges, the sum of the CMG frame angular velocities is minimized, the energy consumption is small, and there is no output torque error. Then, the CMG group system is simulated.When the CMG system is near the singular point, it can quickly escape the singularity. When the CMG system falls into the singularity, it can also escape the singularity. Considering the optimization of angular momentum and energy consumption, the feasibility of the CMG system steering law based on a cooperative game is proven.

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求,开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程,给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式;考虑系统实现的时延影响,利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数;在控制具体实现中,采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略,克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架"锁死"现象,在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。

SGCMG系统的力矩指令调节及动态分配操纵方法

针对邻近奇异框架构型时解算低速框架角速度指令过大乃至饱和问题,开展了指令幅值抑制的控制力矩陀螺操纵方法研究。首先提出了力矩分配动态调整策略,设计以控制力矩陀螺历史指令信息为输入的权重系数自主调整律;然后重新定义了考虑权重分配的系统奇异度量,给出了一种综合力矩动态分配策略、零运动奇异规避与指令力矩随奇异度量相应调节手段的控制力矩陀螺操纵律,以抑制控制力矩陀螺低速框架指令幅值过大并提升系统奇异规避能力。最后所提出方法的有效性通过了姿态快速机动数学仿真校验。

Model Development and Adaptive Imbalance Vibration Control of Magnetic Suspended System

A system model is developed to describe the translational and rotational motion of an active-magnetic-bearing-suspended rigid rotor in a single-gimbal control moment gyro onboard a rigid satellite. This model strictly reflects the motion characteristics of the rotor by considering the dynamic and static imbalance as well as the coupling between the gimbal＇s and the rotor＇s motion on a satellite platform. Adaptive auto-centering control is carefully constructed for the rotor with unknown dynamic and static imbalance. The rotor makes its rotation about the principal axis of inertia through identifying the small rotational angles between the geometric axis and the principal axis as well as the displacements from the geometric center to the mass center so as to tune a stabilizing controller composed of a decentralized PD controller with cross-axis proportional gains and high- and low-pass filters. The main disturbance in the wheel spinning can thereby be completely removed and the vibration acting on the satellite attenuated.

大型航天器SGCMG系统的奇异性分析研究

应用单框架控制力矩陀螺系统 (SGCMG)是大型航天器姿控系统较为理想的选择 ,但是该系统存在严重的奇异现象 ,增加了操纵律的设计与开发的难度。文章从奇异性分析的角度对单框架控制力矩陀螺系统的奇异状态进行了研究 ,提出了奇异可回避性的判别方法 ,并据此对 SGCMG系统奇异状态进行了系统的分类 ,针对常用的各种构形的

SGCMG框架伺服系统扰动力矩分析与控制

单框架控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统对扰动力矩抑制能力的不足限制了其控制精度的进一步提高。文章对框架伺服系统受到的扰动力矩及其对框架伺服系统控制性能的影响进行了分析;设计了基于终端滑模变结构控制策略和扰动观测器的框架转速控制器;利用变结构控制对系统干扰的不变性和对滑动模态控制的快速响应特性,实现了框架伺服系统在扰动力矩波动,尤其是高频扰动力矩波动条件下的高精度控制。仿真结果表明,相比传统的比例-积分-微分控制策略,提出的控制方法可行有效,将框架转速波动量缩小了2/3。

SGCMG框架伺服系统扰动力矩的分析与抑制

在借鉴国内外相关研究的基础上， 对单框架控制力矩陀螺（ Ｓ Ｇ Ｃ Ｍ Ｇ） 的框架及其伺服驱动机构的摩擦特性和框架伺服电机的力矩脉动规律进行了详细分析， 并在采用磁通补偿和提高电流控制性能的基础上， 设计了扰动力矩观测器来进一步抑制 Ｓ Ｇ Ｃ Ｍ Ｇ 框架伺服系统的扰动力矩， 大大改善了框架伺服系统的控制性能。仿真结果表明， 提出的扰动力矩抑制方法是可行的。

敏捷卫星SGCMG群姿态机动测试用例设计研究

针对SGCMG群敏捷姿态机动这一新技术,研究一种SGCMG群姿态机动测试用例设计方法;在分析SGCMG运动特性的基础上,建立了SGCMG群卫星姿态动力学模型和SGCMG群力矩输出矩阵,由此开展了SGCMG群操纵律研究及奇异性分析;结合SGCMG群卫星姿态动力学模型、运动学模型和PID控制器设计,搭建了敏捷卫星姿态控制闭环仿真系统,采用不考虑奇异规避的广义操纵律进行闭环仿真,通过遍历搜索的仿真运算,寻找分别经历无奇异、显奇异和隐奇异的典型目标姿态角组合,完成了敏捷卫星SGCMG群奇异规避算法的测试用例设计与验证,实现了对SGCMG群敏捷机动能力与系统指标的全面考核,极大提高了测试用例覆盖的全面性和有效性,具有现实的工程意义。

MSCMG磁轴承μ综合控制方法与实验研究

针对磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺磁轴承控制对象模型各通道的不一致性引起存在的参数摄动和未建模动态等问题,提出了一种基于结构奇异值μ分析的鲁棒控制器设计方法。该方法可直接将参数摄动和未建模动态引入到控制器的设计中,无需将其转化为一类更大范围的不确定性,避免了H∞方法的不必要保守性,还可对系统的鲁棒性能问题进行分析和综合。实验结果表明,与常规PID控制器相比,系统阶跃响应的位置超调量与稳定时间均有较大程度的改善,同时对系统参数的摄动也具有较强的鲁棒性,证明了μ综合法设计控制器的有效性。

2-SGCMGs与磁力矩器的对地姿态混合控制方法

针对故障后仅剩两单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)可工作的对地定向三轴稳定卫星姿态控制问题进行了研究,提出了2-SGCMGs系统与磁力矩组合的混合控制策略及方法,以克服两SGCMG欠驱动控制的鲁棒性问题。首先,给出2-SGCMGs零动量方式的标称框架角构型选择计算过程。然后,结合标称框架角构型,构造了一种不同于沿传统体轴的新型控制标架,将三维控制力矩指令空间分解为由SGCMG与磁力矩器分别控制执行的两正交子空间,实现对力矩输出特性差异较大的该两类执行机构的控制解耦,进而对不同子空间控制指令给出2-SGCMGs系统框架角速度指令及含磁卸载在内的磁力矩器磁矩指令的求解算法。最后,针对存在外界扰动的卫星对象,由数学仿真验证了所提出策略及方法的有效性,实现了姿态误差小于0.05°且稳定度优于0.0005°/s的控制性能,可满足一般高分辨率对地遥感卫星控制需求。

“和平号”空间站SGCMG系统及其操纵

综述了“和平号”空间站ＳＧＣＭＧ系统的组成和操纵，并给出了梯度型操纵律回避奇异的一般化解释。同时指出，奇异问题和失效操纵问题是ＳＧＣＭＧ系统的两个重要问题，也是今后ＳＧＣＭＧ系统研究的主要课题。

SGCMG框架伺服系统动力学建模与低速控制

单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)框架伺服系统内部存在的各种干扰会严重影响陀螺的力矩输出精度。为了实现力矩输出的高精度控制,需要对框架伺服系统进行精确动力学建模与控制。通过对作用于航天器上SGCMG的详细动力学分析,建立了框架伺服系统动力学模型,其中考虑了动静不平衡干扰力矩以及摩擦力矩。基于正弦永磁同步电机,利用自抗扰理论设计了框架伺服系统内外环控制器。仿真结果表明,在忽略转子不平衡所引起的高频干扰力矩的前提下,此控制器能对内外环存在的所有建模及未建模干扰进行准确估计和补偿,保证了框架的高精度控制。通过仿真还得到了转子不平衡对框架控制精度的影响量级,将为进一步研究如何抑制不平衡振动提供参考依据。

SGCMG系统运动奇异机理及研究进展

介绍了单框架控制力矩陀螺 (SGCMG)系统的运动奇异机理 ,并对当前运动奇异的研究概况进行了综述 ;通过分析可以知道 ,对于 SGCMG系统奇异机理的认识 ,现在还处于一个较浅的层次上 ,还远达不到 SGCMG系统非奇异操纵的需要 ;同时指出 ,SGCMG系统奇点的分布及可回避性判别将是未来

基于VSCMG的卫星姿态控制仿真系统

介绍了一种新型卫星姿态控制全物理仿真系统,此仿真系统以长春光机所最新研制的高精度三轴气浮转台为平台,采用变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)为主要控制执行机构,并结合喷气推力机构作为系统的辅助执行机构给控制力矩陀螺进行卸载。此系统应用高精度光纤陀螺、高精度倾角传感器和磁强计等姿态确定器件构成一套完整的姿态控制全物理仿真系统。介绍了整个仿真系统的软硬件构成,并结合传感器和执行机构参数进行建模和误差分析。本仿真系统可以为一般卫星姿态控制,尤其是以VSCMG为主要执行机构的敏捷型小卫星的姿态控制策略和算法提供良好的仿真验证平台。