In Vitro Study on the Soothing and Oil Control Efficacy of P-Hydroxyacetophenone

p-Hydroxyacetophenone(p-HAP)was used as preservatives in cosmetics recently,their new efficacy was rarely reported.Here,We evaluate the soothing and oil control efficacy of p-HAP in vitro cells,providing a new efficacy basis for its application in cosmetics.The content of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were determined in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and lipid contents were determined in testosterone-induced SZ95.The results revealed that p-HAP attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as NO,TNF-αand IL-6(P<0.01).Simultaneously,0.05mg/mL of p-HAP also inhibited the formation of lipid droplets in human sebocytes,with 17.64%of inhibition(P<0.001).These findings may be beneficial in the application of p-HAP as an efficacy ingredient in cosmetics,which may have a soothing and oil control efficacy according to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid contents.

Cosmetic or Dietary Vegetable Oils Sampled in the Cameroonian Market May Not Expose Consumers to Lipid Oxidation Products Generating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.

Control Effect of Vegetable Oil on Cucumber Powdery Mildew

[Objective] The study discussed the indoor activity and field control effect of vegetable oil on cucumber powdery mildew.[Method] The cucumber seedlings of Changchunmici were adopted as the material,which were inoculated with the fungus pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew naturally occurred in the field.The indoor protective test and field test were performed respectively to observe the control effects of different plant oils EC on the cucumber powdery mildew.[Result] When six plant oils EC including cottonseed oil,soybean oil,canola oil,corn oil,sesame oil and sunflower oil was diluted into 10 and 5 ml/L,they had better control effect on cucumber powdery mildew.As for the indoor protective effect,the protective effect of the vegetable oil EC was equivalent to the control agent triadimefon EC,the field control effect of vegetable oil EC was in the range of 60%-75%,which was consistent with 69%-70% control effect of contrast agent with 1 ml/L triadimefon EC dilution.[Conclusion] All vegetable oils EC had significant control effect on cucumber powdery mildew in the test.

Controlling factors of remaining oil distribution after water flooding and enhanced oil recovery methods for fracturecavity carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield

Based on comprehensive analysis of core, well logging, seismic and production data, the multi-scale reservoir space, reservoir types, spatial shape and distribution of fractures and caves, and the configuration relationship with production wells in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs were studied systematically, the influence of them on the distribution of residual oil was analyzed, and the main controlling factors mode of residual oil distribution after water flooding was established. Enhanced oil recovery methods were studied considering the development practice of Tahe oilfield. Research shows that the main controlling factors of residual oil distribution after water flooding in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can be classified into four categories: local high point, insufficient well control, flow channel shielding and weak hydrodynamic. It is a systematic project to improve oil recovery in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs. In the stage of natural depletion, production should be well regulated to prevent bottom water channeling. In the early stage of waterflooding, injection-production relationship should be constructed according to reservoir type, connectivity and spatial location to enhance control and producing degree of waterflooding and minimize remaining oil. In the middle and late stage, according to the main controlling factors and distribution characteristics of remaining oil after water flooding, remaining oil should be tapped precisely by making use of gravity differentiation and capillary force imbibition, enhancing well control, disturbing the flow field and so on. Meanwhile, backup technologies of reservoir stimulation, new injection media, intelligent optimization etc. should be developed, smooth shift from water injection to gas injection should be ensured to maximize oil recovery.

Sludge Pollution Control from Crude Oil Tank Cleaning

This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmental burden caused by the discharge of untreated sludge. Sludge sample was cultured in other to isolate microorganisms for the sludge treatment. The selected strain of the organisms after screening were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Verticillus sp, Penicillum sp, and Microsporium audouinii. Bioreactors (labeled A, B, C, D and O) were designed for the treatment of petroleum sludge. These reactors contain 2.0 × 10-2 m3 of the diluted sludge samples and the isolated organisms for the treatment process. On a weekly basis, the control reactors received 1.5 × 10-3 m3 of fresh and saline water respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, sludge physicochemical characteristics showed distinct variations. From the result, reactor D was the best in terms of remediating the sludge as compared to other reactors. Friedman non-parametric test was performed to check if the weeks of treatment affected the reduction of the total hydrocarbon content (THC) in the five reactors and also checked for significant differences in the THC after treatments. The drop in the THC of the treated sludge ranged from 56.0% to 67.3%. These results showed the possibility of enhanced biodegradation of petroleum sludge by hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (fungi).

Technology and Practice of Stabiliing Oil Production and Controlling Water Cut in Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia

In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.

Based on the PLC technology automation design of on-board pump station oil temperature control system

Vehicle hydraulic pump station, often work environment is poor, the environment temperature difference is very big, the natureof the hydraulic oil is affected by temperature is very big, a lot of damage, PLC automatic control scheme and design of pumping station, the oiltemperature automatic control system realized the automation of the oil temperature control, greatly improving the pump station of the outdoorenvironment to adapt to the performance.

塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子断裂带的构造特征与形成演化

塔里木盆地西北缘的沙井子断裂带,位于塔北隆起的温宿凸起和北部坳陷的阿瓦提凹陷之间。它是塔里木盆地的一条一级断裂带,由沙井子断裂、英雄断裂、温宿断裂和沙南断裂组成。其中沙井子断裂是主干断裂,其它3条是其分支断裂。本轮研究新发现温宿分支断裂,并将沙南断裂解释为英雄断裂前缘的反冲断层,归属沙井子断裂带。沙井子断裂带的雏形形成于奥陶纪末—志留纪初,在泥盆纪末—石炭纪、二叠纪末—三叠纪初、侏罗纪末—白垩纪初、白垩纪末—古近纪初和新近纪—第四纪发生过多期冲断作用和新近纪末—第四纪初的张扭性构造变形后,才最终定型。沙井子断裂带是一条断控油气富集区带,温宿油田、托探1油藏、沙南1油藏、新苏地1油气藏等都受其控制。

Assessment of Uinta Basin Oil and Natural Gas Well Pad Pneumatic Controller Emissions

In the fall of 2016, a field study was conducted in the Uinta Basin Utah to improve information on oil and natural gas well pad pneumatic controllers (PCs) and emission measurement methods. A total of 80 PC systems at five oil sites (supporting six wells) and three gas sites (supporting 12 wells) were surveyed, and emissions data were produced using a combination of measurements and engineering emission estimates. Ninety-six percent of the PCs surveyed were low actuation frequency intermittent vent type. The overall whole gas emission rate for the study was estimated at 0.36 scf/h with the majority of emissions occurring from three continuous vent PCs (1.1 scf/h average) and eleven (14%) malfunctioning intermittent vent PC systems (1.6 scf/h average). Oil sites employed, on average 10.3 PC systems per well compared to 1.5 for gas sites. Oil and gas sites had group average PC emission rates of 0.28 scf/h and 0.67 scf/h, respectively. This difference was due in part to differing site selection procedures used for oil and gas sites. The PC system types encountered, the engineering emissions estimate approach, and comparisons to measurements are described. Survey methods included identification of malfunctioning PC systems and emission measurements with augmented high volume sampling and installed mass flow meters, each providing a somewhat different representation of emissions that are elucidated through example cases.

Erratum to “Assessment of Uinta Basin Oil and Natural Gas Well Pad Pneumatic Controller Emissions” [Journal of Environmental Protection, 2017, 8, 394-415]

In the fall of 2016, a field study was conducted in the Uinta Basin Utah to improve information on oil and natural gas well pad pneumatic controllers (PCs) and emission measurement methods. A total of 80 PC systems at five oil sites (supporting six wells) and three gas sites (supporting 12 wells) were surveyed, and emissions data were produced using a combination of measurements and engineering emission estimates. Ninety-six percent of the PCs surveyed were low actuation frequency intermittent vent type. The overall whole gas emission rate for the study was estimated at 0.36 scf/h with the majority of emissions occurring from three continuous vent PCs (1.1 scf/h average) and eleven (14%) malfunctioning intermittent vent PC systems (1.6 scf/h average). Oil sites employed, on average 10.3 PC systems per well compared to 1.5 for gas sites. Oil and gas sites had group average PC emission rates of 0.28 scf/h and 0.67 scf/h, respectively. This difference was due in part to differing site selection procedures used for oil and gas sites. The PC system types encountered, the engineering emissions estimate approach, and comparisons to measurements are described. Survey methods included identification of malfunctioning PC systems and emission measurements with augmented high volume sampling and installed mass flow meters, each providing a somewhat different representation of emissions that are elucidated through example cases.

Control Scheme Discussion for Bottom Oil Slurry System of FCCU Fractionator

流化催化裂化装置（FCCU）分馏塔底油浆系统的控制效果对整个装置的平稳安全运行具有重要意义。近年来国内新建了许多大型FCCU，既包含国内各设计院自己的技术，也有部分引进国外的工艺包，其分馏塔底油浆系统的控制方案也有多种形式。总结了近年来国内新建FCCU常用的三种较为典型的油浆系统控制方案，阐述了各方案的特点，对其进行了简要的对比和分析。在此基础上尝试性地提出了这三种方案的适用场合，方便设计人员根据每个项目的特点设计合理的控制方案，达到最佳控制效果。

Primary Investigation of Diseases and Pests on Oil Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel) in Guangxi Province of China and Suggestions for Prevention and Control

The occurrence condition of pests and diseases in major production areas of oil camellia（Camellia oleifera Abel）in Guangxi Province of China was preliminarily investigated from 2010 to 2012.The investigation results showed that there were seven species of major pests on oil camellia in Guangxi Province,including six species of leaf pests,one species of branch pest and one species of fruit pest;there were seven species of major diseases on oil camellia.It was the first report that Mytilaspis camelliae（Hoke）and Empoasca pivisuga Matumura could damage C.oleifera.The occurrence status of pests and diseases on oil camellia in Guangxi Province was summarized,and suggestions for prevention and control against pests and diseases were also put forward.

A Sand Control System for Light Oil Reservoir

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Citrus-based essential oils could be used for dengue vector mosquitoes control

Dear Editor The mosquitoes Aedes aegypli(I,) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse)(Diptera:Culicidae) are important vectors of dengue fever in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Chemical control has been considered as an effective tool for their management in different areas of the world.However, injudicious use of the chemicals result in environmental pollution,ill effects to humans and other animals,and the development of insecticide resistance,which ultimately limits the efficacy of many insecticides!’].Essential oils can be used for mosquito control with no harmful effects to the ecosystem and non-target organisms.Essentials oils from different plants have been found very

Application of control volume based finite element method for solving the black-oil fluid equations

This is the second paper of a series where we introduce a control volume based finite element method （CVFEM） to simulate multiphase flow in porous media. This is a fully conservative method able to deal with unstructured grids which can be used for representing any complexity of reservoir geometry and its geological objects in an accurate and efficient manner. In order to deal with the inherent heterogeneity of the reservoirs, all operations related to discretization are performed at the element level in a manner similar to classical finite element method （FEM）. Moreover, the proposed method can effectively reduce the so-called grid orientation effects. In the first paper of this series, we presented this method and its application for incompressible and immiscible two-phase flow simulation in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of the method in the solution of highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations by simulating hydrocarbon reservoirs using the black-oil model. Furthermore, the effect of grid orientation is investigated by simulating a benchmark waterflooding problem. The numerical results show that the formulation presented here is efficient and accurate for solving the bubble point and three-phase coning problems.

松辽盆地西缘构造带构造格架、演化及油气资源潜力

松辽盆地西缘构造带是研究松辽盆地形成演化的关键地带,但目前关于该构造带的构造格架、活动历史、控盆特征等仍不清晰,构造带深部物质架构及中—新生代构造演化的精细厘定为解决这一科学问题提供了新的证据。松辽盆地西缘地区布格重力异常与综合地球物理剖面特征指示,松辽盆地西缘构造带为区域上带状展布的超壳深大构造带。通过对综合构造变形带的产状、性质、运动学等资料分析,提出松辽盆地西缘构造带东西分带、倾向相背的“两带八字形”构造格架。依据构造带发育的基底背景、构造样式、地球物理特征等差异,建立了南北分段的“四段式”展布构架。在此基础上,结合区域构造演化、变形带构造解析与40Ar/39Ar构造年代学等资料,恢复了晚三叠世、中晚侏罗世、早白垩世中期、晚白垩世中期、古新世—渐新世和新近纪—更新世6期中—新生代构造活动年代格架。结合构造带的控盆作用指出,外盆带控制的中侏罗世和早白垩世中期沉积盆地是油气资源勘查的重要选区,为中国东北地区新层系油气资源勘查提供了新依据。

鄂尔多斯盆地中部罗庞塬地区长7储层控油性及有利区评价

致密油分布的控制因素研究与有利区评价影响着非常规油气的勘探部署。以鄂尔多斯盆地罗庞塬地区长7油层组致密油为研究对象,利用测井、钻井、岩心、压汞、试油成果等资料,研究储层砂体厚度、岩性、储集空间和物性等特征,明确油藏类型,探讨储层条件对致密油的控制作用并评价了有利区。研究表明:罗庞塬地区长7砂体厚度平均为22.6 m,储层岩性主要为细粒度的长石砂岩,储集空间以粒间溶蚀孔和粒间孔为主,其孔隙度平均为8.04%,渗透率平均为0.36×10^(-3)μm^(2),发育小孔-细喉型、细孔-细喉型和微孔-微喉型储层,油藏类型为透镜状致密油藏,呈现出成群、成带的准连续型分布特征,其分布主要受砂体厚度、砂地比、孔隙度、渗透率和砂岩泥质含量的控制,砂体厚度大、泥质含量低、物性好的细砂岩有利于致密油的富集。采用综合指数法,评价出长7油层有4个Ⅰ类区和5个Ⅱ类有利勘探区。