Target Controllability of Multi-Layer Networks With High-Dimensional Nodes

This paper studies the target controllability of multilayer complex networked systems,in which the nodes are highdimensional linear time invariant(LTI)dynamical systems,and the network topology is directed and weighted.The influence of inter-layer couplings on the target controllability of multi-layer networks is discussed.It is found that even if there exists a layer which is not target controllable,the entire multi-layer network can still be target controllable due to the inter-layer couplings.For the multi-layer networks with general structure,a necessary and sufficient condition for target controllability is given by establishing the relationship between uncontrollable subspace and output matrix.By the derived condition,it can be found that the system may be target controllable even if it is not state controllable.On this basis,two corollaries are derived,which clarify the relationship between target controllability,state controllability and output controllability.For the multi-layer networks where the inter-layer couplings are directed chains and directed stars,sufficient conditions for target controllability of networked systems are given,respectively.These conditions are easier to verify than the classic criterion.

Propofol sedation in routine endoscopy:A case series comparing target controlled infusion vs manually controlled bolus concept

BACKGROUND Many studies have addressed safety and effectiveness of non-anaesthesiologist propofol sedation(NAPS)for gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy Target controlled infusion(TCI)is claimed to provide an optimal sedation regimen by avoiding under-or oversedation.AIM To assess safety and performance of propofol TCI sedation in comparison with nurse-administered bolus-sedation.METHODS Fouty-five patients undergoing endoscopy under TCI propofol sedation were prospectively included from November 2016 to May 2017 and compared to 87 patients retrospectively included that underwent endoscopy with NAPS.Patients were matched for age and endoscopic procedure.We recorded time of sedation and endoscopy,dosage of medication and adverse events.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in dose per time of propofol administered in the TCI group,compared to the NAPS group(8.2±2.7 mg/min vs 9.3±3.4 mg/min;P=0.046).The time needed to provide adequate sedation levels was slightly but significantly lower in the control group(5.3±2.7 min vs 7.7±3.3 min;P<0.001),nonetheless the total endoscopy time was similar in both groups.No differences between TCI and bolus-sedation was observed for mean total-dosage of propofol rate as well as adverse events.CONCLUSION This study indicates that sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy reduces the dose of propofol necessary per minute of endoscopy.This may translate into less adverse events.However,further and randomized trials need to confirm this trend.

Multi-rate tracking controller analysis and design for target tracking systems

As the sampling rates of the inner loop and the outer loop of the target tracking control system are different,a typical digital multi-rate control system was formed.If the traditional single-rate design method was applied,the low sampling rate loop will seriously impact the dynamical characteristic of the system.After analyzing and calculating the impact law of the low sampling rate loop to the bandwidth and the stability of the tracking system,a kind of multi-rate control system design method was introduced.Corresponding to the different sampling rates of the inner loop and the outer loop,the multi-rate control strategy was constituted by a high sampling rate sub-controller and a low sampling rate sub-controller.The two sub-controllers were designed separately and connected by means of the sampling rate converter.The low sampling rate controller determined the response rapidity of the system,while the high sampling rate controller applied additionally effective control outputs to the system during a sampling interval of the low sampling rate controller.With the introduced high and low sampling rates sub-controllers,the tracking control system can achieve the same performance as a single-rate controller with high sampling rate,yet it works under a much lower sampling rate.The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the introduced multi-rate control design method.It reduces the settling time by 5 times and the over shoot by 4 times compared with the PID control.

Application of Fuzzy Automata Decision-Making System in Target Control

In order to perform better in target control, this paper proposed a decision-making system method based on fuzzy automata. The decision-making system first preprocessed the signal and then performed a two-level decision on the target to achieve optimal control. The system consisted of four parts: signal preprocessing, contrast decision-making, comprehensive judgment of decision-making and decision-making result. These decision algorithms in target control were given. A concrete application of this decision-making system in target control was described. Being compared with other existing methods, this paper used both global features and local features of target, and used the decision-making system of fuzzy automata for the target control. Simulation results showed that the control effect based on the decision-making system was better than that of the other existing methods. Not only it was faster, but also its correct control rate was higher to be 95.18% for the target control. This research on the control system not only developed the FA theory, but also strengthened its application scope in the field of control engineering.

Electronic Throttle Control System: Modeling, Identification and Model-Based Control Designs

Electronic throttle control (ETC) system has worked its way to becoming a standard subsystem in most of the current automobiles as it has contributed much to the improvement of fuel economy, emissions, drivability and safety. Precision control of the subsystem, which consists of a dc motor driving a throttle plate, a pre-loaded return spring and a set of gear train to regulate airflow into the engine, seems rather straightforward and yet complex. The difficulties lie in the unknown system parameters, hard nonlinearity of the pre-loaded spring that pulls the throttle plate to its default position, and friction, among others. In this paper, we extend our previous results obtained for the modeling, unknown system parameters identification and control of a commercially available Bosch’s DV-E5 ETC system. Details of modeling and parameters identification based on laboratory experiments, data analysis, and knowledge of the system are provided. The parameters identification results were verified and validated by a real-time PID control implemented with an xPC Target. A nonlinear control design was then proposed utilizing the input-output feedback linearization approach and technique. In view of a recent massive auto recalls due to the controversial uncontrollable engine accelerations, the results of this paper may inspire further research interest on the drive-by-wire technology.

The law of anti-VCAM-1 targeted microbubbles adhesion to activated endothelial cells under controlled shear flow

Microbubbles can enhance the detection in noninvasive ultrasound imaging.Recently,targeted microbubbles have been developed to selectively adhere to specific and overexpressed p molecules in endothelial cells in some pathologic conditions.However,the law of

基于深度学习的移动机器人目标自动跟随控制系统设计

移动机器人在跟随运动目标时,容易受到周围环境的影响,导致目标识别准确性降低,从而影响自动跟随控制效果;为此,设计了基于深度学习的移动机器人目标自动跟随控制系统;系统框架设计为感知层、处理和控制层以及执行层;利用感知层中的视觉传感器、超声波传感器、MEMS传感器,采集信息并传输到处理和控制层,单片机处理器运行两个程序,前一个程序利用深度学习中的残差学习网络、深度卷积网络、长短期记忆神经网络进行图像处理和目标识别,后一个程序结合超声波传感器测距信息计算目标坐标;PLC微控制器承载控制程序,结合MEMS传感器采集到的角度信息,基于PID设计双环控制器,在其控制下实现移动机器人目标自动跟随控制;实验结果表明,所设计系统仅在昏暗环境下误识别一个图像,目标识别功能较强,在不同环境下控制角度跟随平均误差和跟随距离平均误差始终在1.22°和0.074 m以下,具有较高的抗环境干扰能力。

食源性活性物质稳态化及靶向递送载体的研究进展

食源性活性物质例如多酚、类胡萝卜素、功能蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸等,因具有多种生物活性而作为功能食品开发的重要组分。然而,由于这些活性物质具有难溶于水、稳定性差和肠道吸收率低等问题,导致其在食品工业中的应用受到了限制。研究人员利用天然食品大分子构建递送载体,以提高活性物质的溶解性、稳定性和肠道吸收率。作为新型递送系统,智能响应型递送释放和定向载体可实现活性物质的精准靶向递送和可控释放,从而提高其生物利用率。此外,递送载体还能有效提高功能食品的营养附加值、改善感官特性和延长货架期。本综述探讨食源性活性物质的功能性质、应用难题以及稳态化递送策略,重点阐述目前常见的智能响应型递送载体的类型和作用机理。最后讨论递送载体在功能食品中的应用,并对未来食源性活性物质递送系统的研究进行展望。

CONCERT-CL闭环靶控输注系统对腹腔镜胃肠手术患者术后胃肠功能及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨CONCERT-CL闭环靶控输注系统在腹腔镜胃肠手术患者中的应用效果及对患者术后胃肠功能和免疫功能的影响。方法 选取2022年8月至2023年5月上海市徐汇区中心医院收治的80例腹腔镜胃肠手术患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。两组患者均采用相同的麻醉方案,但观察组患者采用CONCERT-CL闭环靶控输注系统进行麻醉管理,而对照组患者则采用开放式麻醉维持。比较两组患者的围术期相关指标、胃肠功能和围术期白细胞分化抗原(CD) TT细胞数量和自然杀伤细胞(NK)细胞数量,同时比较两组患者术后不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患者的手术时间、麻醉时间分别为(183.60±30.15) min、(206.69±10.54) min,对照组分别为(189.12±43.85) min、(211.65±16.83) min,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术中丙泊酚用量和顺式阿曲库铵用量分别为(13.34±2.00) mg/kg、(0.26±0.09) mg/kg,明显低于对照组的(15.96±1.41) mg/kg、(0.35±0.11) mg/kg,拔管即刻警觉-镇静(OAA/S)评分和术中BIS时间为40~60的占比分别为(3.46±0.25)分、(82.60±4.22)%,明显高于对照组的(3.12±0.46)分、(64.02±3.65)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患者的肠鸣音恢复[(22.60±4.52) h vs (30.57±6.84) h]、腹痛缓解[(26.88±4.11) h vs (30.17±2.94) h]、术后首次排气时间[(32.69±4.25) h vs (44.35±1.68) h]比较,观察组明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12 h,观察组和对照组患者的CD4+TT数量[(35.69±1.54)%vs (32.01±6.21)%]、NK细胞数量[(20.36±2.41)%vs (18.73±2.65)%]比较,观察组明显高于对照组,CD8+TT数量[(27.01±1.79)%vs (29.28±3.87)%]比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的不良反应总发生率为5.00%,略低于对照组的10.00%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CONCERT-CL闭环靶控输注系统在腹腔镜胃肠手术患者中的应用能够降低术中麻醉维持药物用量,患者苏醒速度更快。同时还能够促进患者术后胃肠功能的恢复,并且对免疫功能起到一定改善作用。

面向恢复决策的新型电力系统恢复目标重要度统一评估

在大停电发生后,如何在恢复过程中充分利用有限的可用容量快速恢复更有价值的恢复目标是电力系统快速恢复供电、减少停电损失的关键问题。充分利用新型电力系统中高占比新能源电源的恢复容量,提出了一种基于新型电力系统恢复目标重要度统一评估的恢复决策方法。首先,面向待恢复新能源电源的重要度评估,建立了考虑时空相关性的新能源电源多时步期望序列场景生成方法。其次,考虑储能和柔性负荷的主动协同能力,基于恢复净收益对待恢复独立电源、电源集群和变电站母线等恢复目标建立了重要度统一评估方法,揭示了恢复阶段本质为源网荷协同恢复次序优化结果的特例。然后,以电网恢复方案的期望净收益最大化为目标,建立了面向新型电力系统的源网荷统一协调恢复控制优化模型。最后,基于IEEE 118节点算例系统验证了所提方法可以在恢复过程中进行恢复目标重要度的动态评估,从而有效引导恢复容量的高效分配,最大化恢复收益。

基于xPC Target的直线电机快速原型控制系统

以嵌入式工业PC为控制器,配以模数转换板、数字量输出板、光栅尺接口板和驱动板,利用MATLAB的xPC Target工具箱搭建了直线电机快速原型控制系统,并在快速原型控制系统中实现了带有跟踪微分器的非线性PID控制算法。实验结果表明:这种基于xPC Target的直线电机快速原型控制系统能够直接采用Simulink中建立的控制算法,具有很高的灵活性;同时,直线电机控制系统采用带有跟踪微分器的非线性PID控制算法时具有很好的动静态特性和抗扰性。

食品功能因子靶向运载体系及其在食品中的应用

随着对功能食品中最重要的成分——功能因子研究的深入,大量的功能因子被开发应用到功能食品中。例如不饱和脂肪酸、多酚及类胡萝卜素等,因其特殊的理化性质,使自身的生物利用率低下,从而制约了其在食品中的应用。开发食品功能因子运载系统,提高其在生物体中的利用率便成为亟需解决的问题。本文以近几年食品功能因子运载体系研究为基础,系统归纳纳米乳状液、多层乳状液、固相脂质颗粒与凝胶颗粒的理化特性,阐述多种输送体系的作用机理和应用领域,提出针对功能因子易氧化、稳定性差和生物利用率低等问题,应建立靶向运送体系,改善功能因子,实现体内的靶向作用位点控制释放。

基于xPC Target的直流电动机实时控制系统设计

针对常见的控制系统开发方法采用手工编程而存在开发效率和可靠性低的问题,提出了一种基于xPC Target的直流电动机实时控制系统设计方法。该方法采用Matlab自动代码生成技术和xPC实时内核,以工业控制计算机为控制器、直流电动机为被控对象构建控制回路,采用Simulink模块组合控制器应用程序,以目标机-宿主机形式实现应用程序的代码生成、编译和下载。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速可靠地生成控制系统代码,控制系统具有很好的有效性和稳定性。

基于评价模型的指挥控制模型设计方法研究

当前,威胁排序、火力分配和发射决策等防空武器系统内指挥控制(C2)模型设计时,存在缺乏全面性、客观性和弹性的问题。为解决以上问题,提出了一套基于评价模型的指挥控制模型设计方法。一方面,该方法从设计目标、设计原则和设计方法等3个方面出发,建立了一套因素体系的设计流程,层次化梳理模型的所有影响因素;另一方面,基于对常用评价方法优劣势的分析,该方法提出了一套评价模型的甄选流程,通过该流程优选出合适的评价模型,实现对因素体系的计算。为验证所提出方法的性能,用该方法设计了典型的防空武器系统目标威胁排序模型。计算结果显示,所提出的方法能够用于防空武器系统指挥控制模型设计中,为防空武器系统多因素决策过程提供了一种新的设计思路。

基于目标定尺的双偏心摆式飞剪机控制参数计算

研究了双偏心摆式飞剪连续定尺剪切原理,建立了目标定尺长度计算模型,形成比较完善的基于目标定尺长度的双偏心摆式飞剪传动控制参数计算方法。设定曲轴转动角速度曲线,建立速度方程式,解析求解得到曲轴转动角速度,从而得到角加速度、加减速时间、匀速转动角速度、匀速运行保持时间等控制参数。并通过某汽车板连续镀锌机组的双偏心摆式飞剪机进行编制程序和控制计算验证,计算速度快,精度高,完全满足工程需要。

基于车辆运行状态的高速公路交通安全管控技术研究

为解决高速公路因驾驶操作不当、疲劳驾驶、能见度不良等因素导致的交通事故频发问题,本文通过获取高速公路事故多发路段的车辆运行状态和行车环境信息,提出基于车辆运行状态的高速公路交通安全估测模型,对异常行驶车辆的有效判定和识别,并利用路侧安全管控技术,构建基于车辆运行状态的预警管控系统,通过声光警示信息实现对异常车辆进行定向预警功能.结论表明:本文交通安全估测模型,异常车辆识别准确率达72%,借助声光预警技术,可让异常车辆及时恢复正常行驶状态,避免交通事故的发生.

基于Lyapunov-MPC方法的非合作目标近距离抵近控制

针对航天器近距离视线抵近同时存在轨道与姿态机动的非合作目标特定方位控制问题,提出了一种基于控制Lyapunov函数(CLF)的模型预测控制方法 (LMPC)。首先,根据视线坐标系下的轨道动力学方程,建立了满足视线指向要求的航天器相对轨道动力学模型,并推导了期望轨道的解析表达式。其次,利用MPC方法设计控制器进行在线优化控制,并通过纳入基于李雅普洛夫方法的非线性反步控制的显式特征,构建收缩约束式,以确保闭环稳定性。接着,对基于LMPC的控制方法的递归可行性和闭环稳定性进行了证明。最后,仿真结果证明了所设计的LMPC轨迹跟踪方法的有效性和鲁棒性。

玉米醇溶蛋白基载体在药物递送方面的研究进展

基于各种纳米载体的药物递送系统(DDS)是现代药剂学中新制剂和新剂型研究的主要方向。相较于传统的药物制剂,DDS制剂往往能够比常规制剂更好地发挥药物特性,且对病变部位具有靶向性。载体材料作为DDS的重要组成部分,其选择和针对性修饰改性对于DDS的发展极为重要。玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)是玉米中的重要蛋白质,具有可再生、无毒、两亲性及良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性等特点,可通过自组装形成微球或纳米粒。然而,单纯的Zein载体材料往往存在稳定性差、易结合血清蛋白和被网状内皮系统截获等缺点,因此需要通过修饰改性或与其他材料复合等方式进行一定改进。同时,Zein-DDS的精准构建也是获取所需粒子结构和确保产品最终性能的保障。目前,内置超声透析工艺、超临界反溶剂法和喷雾/反溶剂沉淀法是构建DDS载药系统的主要制备工艺。本文对Zein的改性修饰和相关制备工艺的研究进展作一综述,为Zein-DDS由最初的前体药、缓释剂,逐步发展为速控型、靶向型和可视化输送等精准化剂型提供研究依据。

“有为政府”如何协同“有效市场”推进ESG目标——基于结构耦合视角

在结构耦合视角下,经济系统对外部环境激扰的回应是以偶联的方式发生共振的,在ESG的社会目标压力下,“泛绿”“反绿”“漂绿”都是企业在市场逻辑驱动下发生选择分化的正常现象。以此观之,对于我国所追求的ESG目标而言,最为关键的问题则在于,如何通过结构耦合的共振机制和市场选择分化的内在逻辑,恰当界定企业在进行ESG决策时的行为边界和选择激励。结构耦合具有双重表现形式:一方面,系统通过结构耦合增强了对外部环境特定激扰的感知能力;另一方面,对特定信息敏感的系统也相应表现出对其他外部环境信息的漠然。当社会体制尝试运用政治、法律、经济的多重手段去推进ESG的多重目标时,必须在系统之间对各自的敏感和漠然进行调适,提供选择激励,在差异化的结构耦合机制中实现分化整合。

城市轨道交通兼容性车载系统阶梯形目标速度的平滑跟踪控制研究

[目的]针对城市轨道交通兼容性车载系统中目标速度消息周期大于车载控制周期以及消息间隔不固定的特殊现象,提出了一种双周期速度跟踪算法来实现阶梯形目标速度的平滑跟踪目的。[方法]根据目标速度序列特点,引入了巡航状态和估计状态等2个控车状态,对列车站前减速过程进行识别。分别对消息周期和车载控制周期时刻的目标速度进行相应处理:当收到目标速度的消息周期时,基于卡尔曼滤波算法计算参考速度、参考加速度的估计值;当未收到目标速度的车载控制周期时,基于上述估计结果推算出车载控制使用的参考速度。考虑到目标速度消息滞后以及列车响应延时的特性,设计了拟平行参考速度跟踪控制策略。以上海轨道交通2号线为例,对参考加速度估计效果和不同运营等级场景下的控车效果进行了分析。[结果及结论]案例表明,上述算法可以克服目标速度消息周期长且间隔不固定所带来的控车工况频繁切换问题,避免了兼容性车载系统阶梯形目标速度曲线跟踪过程中控制命令饱和以及速度曲线凹坑现象,实现了列车在站前减速过程中的平稳控制,提高了乘客舒适度,减少了列车制动损耗,节约了牵引能耗。