Characteristic-Based Time Domain Method for Cylindrically Conformal Microstrip Patch Antennas

The characteristics of a cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna are analyzed by using the characteristic-based time domain （CBTD） method. A governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of cylindrically conformal microstrip patch antennas. The algorithm has second-order accuracy both in time and space domain and has the potential to eliminate the spurious wave reflection from the numerical boundaries of the computational domain, Numerical results demonstrate the important merits and accuracy of the proposed technique in computational electromagnetics,

Investigation of Coulomb force effects on ethylene glycol based nanofluid laminar flow in a porous enclosure

Forced convection heat transfer of ethylene glycol based nanofluid with FeOinside a porous medium is studied using the electric field. The control volume based finite element method(CVFEM) is selected for numerical simulation. The impact of the radiation parameter(R), the supplied voltage(?φ), the volume fraction of nanofluid(?), the Darcy number(Da), and the Reynolds number(Re) on nanofluid treatment is demonstrated. Results prove that thermal radiation increases the temperature gradient near the positive electrode. Distortion of isotherms increases with the enhance of the Darcy number and the Coulomb force.

A Finite Difference Method Modeling for IGBT and Diode in PSPICE

In this paper,a novel modeling approach for both PiN diode and IGBT is presented.In this model,the carrier diffusion equation,which retains the distributed nature of charge dynamics in bipolar power devices,is solved directly by finite difference method in PSPICE.The physical basis of this model and some practical considerations are introduced.Compared with conventional Fourier based IGBT model,the presented model keeps higher simulation speed and comparable high accuracy.These features were also verified by simulations and experiments.

Analysis of Finite Difference Approximations of an Optimal Control Problem in Economics

We consider an optimal control problem which serves as a mathematical model for several problems in economics and management.The problem is the minimization of a continuous constrained functional governed by a linear parabolic diffusion-advection equation controlled in a coefficient in advection part.The additional constraint is non-negativity of a solution of state equation.We construct and analyze several mesh schemes approximating the formulated problem using finite difference methods in space and in time.All these approximations keep the positivity of the solutions to mesh state problem,either unconditionally or under some additional constraints to mesh steps.This allows us to remove corresponding constraint from the formulation of the discrete problem to simplify its implementation.Based on theoretical estimates and numerical results,we draw conclusions about the quality of the proposed mesh schemes.

基于cv-FDM法的铸件凝固过程热应力数值模拟

为了实现铸件凝固过程多物理场的无缝耦合数值模拟,开展基于有限差分法的铸件凝固过程热应力分析.建立了热弹塑性的三维控制体积有限差分(cv-FDM)算法,开发了相应的铸件凝固过程热应力分析三维仿真软件.将该软件应用于典型的应力框试件和轧钢机机架铸件,计算得到了铸件凝固过程产生的应力和位移,并将结果与采用有限元分析软件ANSYS的计算结果进行了对比验证,吻合较好,表明模拟结果基于cv-FDM的铸件热应力分析达到了有限元法的精度水平.

Smart Semi-active PID-ACO control strategy for tower vibration reduction in Wind Turbines with MR damper

Wind turbine technology is well known around the globe as an eco-friendly and eff ective renewable power source. However, this technology often faces reliability problems due to structural vibration. This study proposes a smart semi-active vibration control system using Magnetorheological (MR) dampers where feedback controllers are optimized with nature-inspired algorithms. Proportional integral derivative (PID) and Proportional integral (PI) controllers are designed to achieve the optimal desired force and current input for MR the damper. PID control parameters are optimized using an Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The eff ectiveness of the ACO algorithm is validated by comparing its performance with Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The placement of the MR damper on the tower is also investigated to ensure structural balance and optimal desired force from the MR damper. The simulation results show that the proposed semi-active PID-ACO control strategy can signifi cantly reduce vibration on the wind turbine tower under diff erent frequencies (i.e., 67%, 73%, 79% and 34.4% at 2 Hz, 3 Hz, 4.6 Hz and 6 Hz, respectively) and amplitudes (i.e. 50%, 58% and 67% for 50 N, 80 N, and 100 N, respectively). In this study, the simulation model is validated with an experimental study in terms of natural frequency, mode shape and uncontrolled response at the 1st mode. The proposed PID-ACO control strategy and optimal MR damper position is also implemented on a lab-scaled wind turbine tower model. The results show that the vibration reduction rate is 66% and 73% in the experimental and simulation study, respectively, at the 1st mode.

A novel simulation method for positive corona current pulses

A novel two-dimensional （2D） simulation method of positive corona current pulses is proposed. A control-volume- based finite element method （CV-FEM） is used to solve continuity equations, and the Galerkin finite element method （FEM） is used to solve Poisson＇s equation. In the proposed method, photoionization is considered by adopting an exact Helmholtz photoionization model. Furthermore, fully implicit discretization and variable time step are used to ensure the time-efficiency of the present method. Finally, the method is applied to a positive rod-plane corona problem. The numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results, and the validity of the proposed method is verified.

Iterative Solution of Mesh Constrained Optimal Control Problems with Two-Level Mesh Approximations of Parabolic State Equation

We consider a linear-quadratical optimal control problem of a system governed by parabolic equation with distributed in right-hand side control and control and state constraints. We construct a mesh approximation of this problem using different two-level approximations of the state equation, ADI and fractional steps approximations in time among others. Iterative solution methods are investigated for all constructed approximations of the optimal control problem. Their implementation can be carried out in parallel manner.

基于双闭环控制的无刷电机控制系统设计

无刷电机被广泛应用于农业、医疗、教育等场景,具有高速、寿命长等优势,但在高速环境以及电压采样中相电流与相电压产生的相位差存在精度低、力矩输出不精确等问题。针对上述问题,设计了一种高频的三相电流控制硬件,提出了PI/PD控制结合的方式,构造了PI/PD双闭环反馈控制系统。通过有限差分时间法对系统进行仿真,证明PI/PD可以达到目标的99.91%,并较其他控制方式上均有更好的系统响应以及稳定性能。在硬件测试中,2 500 r/min以内可以在3 s达到目标状态,且绝对误差在3 r/min以内,证明系统具有优异的控制精度、速度以及鲁棒性。

高速铁路千米长联桥铺设无砟轨道施工控制

千米级长联大跨桥的桥面线形在塔-梁-索温度变化、桥上荷载变动作用下易产生较明显的竖向变化。本文结合新建郑州—济南铁路长清黄河大桥工程,建立轨道-桥梁系统一体化有限元模型,并根据不同施工阶段的实际温度及桥上压重荷载对模型进行实时修正,提出线形控制技术优化方案,以实现千米级长联大跨斜拉桥上无砟轨道的高精度施工。结果表明:利用修正后的相对高差控制底座板放样施工,可将全桥底座板偏差控制在-10~10 mm内,计算相对高差时要考虑二期恒载的影响及实际施工温度与设计温度的偏差;利用修正后的绝对高程来控制轨道板精调,可使最终实测线形与设计线形的偏差控制在-2.0~1.6 mm内,每跨施工作业周期内温度变化不超过2℃;采用60 m弦中点弦测法对精调后的轨面线形进行复核,测得最大弦测值为2.67 mm,满足规范要求。

锗基长波红外圆锥形微结构减反射性能

锗是重要的红外光学材料,为减小锗表面的菲涅耳反射损耗,提高光利用率,研究了锗基底圆锥形微结构的减反射性能。基于时域有限差分法(Finite Difference Time Domain),并采用单因素法研究了微结构的占空比、周期、高度等结构参数与入射角在8~12μm长波红外波段对反射率的影响,确定了微结构在低反射情况下较优的结构参数组合,其在整个波段范围内的平均反射率低于1%,远低于平板锗结构的35.47%,在9~11μm的波段范围内反射率低于0.5%,且光波在40°范围内入射时,圆锥形微结构的平均反射率仍然较低。将优化的圆锥形微结构与平板结构进行了对比,从等效折射率、反射场分布和能量吸收分布3方面进一步证实了圆锥形微结构在整个波段范围内优异的减反射性能。

低密度树脂基烧蚀材料热响应数值模型及防隔热性能预示

针对低密度酚醛树脂基烧蚀材料的热响应行为,基于阿伦尼乌斯方程和傅里叶传热定律,耦合热解反应、热量传递、热阻塞效应、表面烧蚀等多重因素,构建出一维热响应数值模型。采用有限差分法进行离散化处理,通过Python程序实现了数值求解,并与热响应程序PATO结果、电弧风洞试验结果对比,验证了模型的计算精度。在此基础上,采用单一变量考察法预测了材料比热容、热导率、热解反应参数、厚度变化对防隔热性能的影响。结果表明,增大材料比热容可以同时降低材料的表温与背温,但是受限于热阻塞效应的减弱,温度变化幅度较小;增大材料热导率会降低表温而升高背温,相较于比热容,热导率对背温的影响更为显著;增大材料活化能会同时升高表温与背温,但是反应级数和指前因子对温度影响有限;增大材料厚度可以有效降低背温,但是对上层材料传热影响较小,因此表温基本不变。

权函数对插值型维数分裂无网格方法的影响

以三维势问题为例,研究权函数对三维势问题改进的插值型维数分裂无单元Galerkin方法的影响。选取不同的权函数构造不同的近似函数。为了证明权函数的选取对该方法的优越性,选取两个实例,用该方法进行求解,与传统的无单元Galerkin方法相比较,计算结果的对比分析表明,该方法有效地提高了计算速度和计算精度。

基于虚拟波场的可控源三维电磁法正演

根据扩散场和虚拟波场的变换关系,将频率域电磁扩散方程转换成虚拟域的波动方程,实现了虚拟波场的电磁场数值计算。在边界的处理上,通过引入复频率完全匹配层吸收边界条件,降低了内存的存储量。将空气层包含在计算域中,避免了地—空界面的复杂处理。通过与均匀半空间解析解对比,其相对误差在3.5%以内,验证了算法的有效性和正确性。最后通过典型地电模型的数值模拟表明:通过一次正演可以获得多个频率的三维电磁响应,提高了计算效率。虚拟波场计算的视电阻率对场源效应不敏感且对异常体的边界具有较好的识别能力。

非稳态导热问题有限体积法

为了研究非稳态导热问题中的常用有限体积方案(FVM1)和新提出的有限体积方案(FVM2)的精度差异问题,采用理论推导和实例验证的方法,建立基于有限体积法原理的热平衡积分方程,利用矩形网格进行离散化,建立了平面非稳态热传导问题有限体积法数学模型,推导出与有限单元法(FEM)方案相类似的线性方程组,对比分析所建立的各个方程组中参数的差异.研究结果表明:方案FVM2与FEM精度相同,为较优方案.最后结合一个典型实例,用VB编制了数值计算软件,对比分析这两种方案,验证了上述结果.该结果对工程计算数值模拟有一定的参考价值.

水泥稳定碎石基层横向收缩裂缝控制研究

为比较不同水泥稳定碎石基层材料的强度和收缩性能,寻求减少水泥稳定碎石基层因收缩而产生的横向裂缝量的方法,借助有限元方法建模分析不同水泥剂量的水泥稳定碎石基层结构内因失水或降温引起的收缩应力,采用不同水泥剂量的水泥稳定碎石材料进行室内强度试验并铺筑试验路。有限元分析和室内、外试验结果表明:随水泥剂量的增加,基层内部的收缩应力增大;水泥剂量仅为2.5%时,材料的7 d无侧限抗压强度就满足规范要求;在满足强度的基础上可以通过适当降低水泥剂量来减少水泥稳定碎石基层裂缝的产生,但水泥剂量越低,强度变异性越大,需改善施工工艺以减少施工变异性。

轻质麦秸复合墙体传热特性模拟评价

运用有限差分法和反应系数法评价轻质麦秸复合墙体的传热特性,并将之与传统的砖混结构进行比较。结果表明:轻质麦秸复合墙体抵抗外界大气温度波动的能力是普通砖墙的8～10倍,具有良好的保温隔热性能;采用轻质麦秸复合墙体,其传热能耗能达国家要求的节能50%的目标,可作为新型节能建筑墙体材料在建筑行业广泛应用。

裂缝性油藏离散裂缝网络随机生成及数值模拟

裂缝性油藏裂缝表征及数值模拟是当前油田开发领域研究的难点和热点。为了克服连续性介质模型在裂缝描述和计算效率上的缺点,采用随机生成的离散裂缝网络进行裂缝性油藏数值模拟。首先应用地质统计学方法随机生成与实际裂缝在统计意义上等效的裂缝网络,并对其简化物理模型进行几何离散;然后通过计算不同维数控制体单元之间的传导系数,建立基于控制体积有限差分方法的油—水两相流动的数值计算格式;最后通过算例验证了该方法理论与算法的正确性。该方法对裂缝进行显式地降维处理,提高了网格生成效率,缩短了计算时间。

导热问题中4种有限体积方案对比

为研究平面导热问题中常用的3种有限体积方案(FVM2、FVM3、FVM4)和新提出的方案(FVM1)的精度差异问题.采用理论推导和实例验证的方法,对解算区域进行三角形网格划分,建立了平面导热问题有限体积法数学模型,推导出了有限体积法解决平面温度场问题的线性方程组,分析了各种有限体积法方案以及有限单元法计算公式的类似性和公式中参数的差异.编制了数值计算软件,结合特例,解算出不同有限体积方案的温度分布,并与理论解进行了对比.研究结果表明:方案FVM1与FEM精度相同,且与理论值基本一致,为最优方案.在不考虑第三类边界情况下,FVM4的精度也与FEM精度相同.该结果对工程计算数值模拟有一定的参考价值.

混凝土拱坝温控的动态分析理论与实践

温控防裂是混凝土高拱坝的关键技术问题和难题之一。以小湾超高拱坝为背景,从混凝土材料、理论方法、施工及工程措施等方面系统地研究与温控防裂有关的核心技术问题,制定温度场仿真分析的合理、可行、科学的技术路线,建立拱坝温控的动态跟踪仿真反馈分析系统及信息化动态设计方法,提出抗裂安全度取值建议、合理的温控设计方案,实现拱坝施工期全过程仿真反馈分析及温控措施的动态优化设计。实践表明,该研究成果对指导小湾拱坝的设计、施工具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。