The Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 and K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 regulate the levels of intracellular chloride in hippocampal cells. Impaired chloride transport by these proteins is thought to be involved in the pathophys...The Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 and K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 regulate the levels of intracellular chloride in hippocampal cells. Impaired chloride transport by these proteins is thought to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Imbalance in the relative expression of these two proteins can lead to a collapse of CI- homeostasis, resulting in a loss of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic inhibition and even epileptiform discharges. In this study, we investigated the expression of Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 and K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 in the sclerosed hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the histologically normal hippocampus, the sclerosed hippocampus showed increased Na＋-K＋-Cl- cotransporter 1 expression and decreased K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 expression, especially in CA2 and the dentate gyrus. The change was more prominent for the Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 than for the K＋-CI- cotransporter 2. These experimental findings indicate that the balance between intracellular and extracellular chloride may be disturbed in hippocampal sclerosis, contributing to the hyperexcitability underlying epileptic seizures. Changes in Na＋-K＋-CI-cotransporter 1 expression seems to be the main contributor. Our study may shed new light on possible therapies for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar appli-cation of potassium (K) and Mepiquat Chloride (MC) on yield of cotton. Seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton and l...A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar appli-cation of potassium (K) and Mepiquat Chloride (MC) on yield of cotton. Seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton and lint yield per hectare;have been increased due to the higher N rate and use of foliar application of K and MC. No significant interactions were found among the variables in the present study (N, K and MC) with respect to characters under investigation. Generally, interactions indicated that, the fa-vorable effects ascribed to the application of N;spraying cotton plants with K combined with MC on cotton productivity, were more obvious by applying N at 143 kg per hectare, and combined with spraying cotton plants with K at 957 g per hectare and also with MC at 48 + 24 g active ingredient per hectare. Sensible increases were found in seed cotton yield per hectare (about 40%) as a result of applying the same combination. However, this interaction did not reach the level of significance, so, statistical approach for dealing with the non-significant interactions between treatments, depending on the Least Significant Difference values has been suggested, to provide an opportunity to disclosure of the interaction effects regardless of their insignificance. As a matter of fact the original formula used in calculating the significance of interactions suffers a possible shortage, which can be eliminated through applying the new suggested formula.展开更多
【目的】施钾是保障土壤钾素供应和棉花高产的必要手段,缩节胺化学封顶是调节棉花生物量分配的重要措施,合理协调两者的关系是棉花提质增产的前提,因此探究包膜含缩节胺氯化钾对土壤钾素形态及棉花生长特性的影响,可为维持土壤钾素平衡...【目的】施钾是保障土壤钾素供应和棉花高产的必要手段,缩节胺化学封顶是调节棉花生物量分配的重要措施,合理协调两者的关系是棉花提质增产的前提,因此探究包膜含缩节胺氯化钾对土壤钾素形态及棉花生长特性的影响,可为维持土壤钾素平衡及实现棉花减肥高产提供依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,共设7个处理,分别为一次基施包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(CRKMC,0.15 g kg^(-1)土)、减量30%包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(CRKMC70%)、控释氯化钾(CRK)、减量30%控释氯化钾(CRK70%)、分次施用普通氯化钾(KCl)、减量30%普通氯化钾(KCl70%)及空白对照(CK)。测定棉花生育期内土壤钾素含量、棉花株高、茎粗、光合特性和产量。【结果】CRKMC处理的籽棉产量最高,较CRK和KCl处理分别显著增加了13.80%和22.58%,且CRKMC70%处理棉花产量与CRK处理相比不减产。此外,CRKMC处理显著提高了棉花植株茎粗、净光合速率、SPAD值和钾素农学利用率,且蕾期后CRKMC处理的土壤速效钾、缓效钾和水溶性钾含量高于KCl处理。蕾期至盛花期,速效钾部分转化为缓效钾储存,使得缓效钾含量升高,且各控释处理效果优于普通钾肥。【结论】一次基施包膜含缩节胺氯化钾可有效保障土壤钾素供应,提高土壤固钾潜力并优化棉花生长特性,为实现棉花高产、优化用工提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2008B060600063the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81071050the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No. S2011020005483
文摘The Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 and K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 regulate the levels of intracellular chloride in hippocampal cells. Impaired chloride transport by these proteins is thought to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Imbalance in the relative expression of these two proteins can lead to a collapse of CI- homeostasis, resulting in a loss of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic inhibition and even epileptiform discharges. In this study, we investigated the expression of Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 and K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 in the sclerosed hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the histologically normal hippocampus, the sclerosed hippocampus showed increased Na＋-K＋-Cl- cotransporter 1 expression and decreased K＋-CI- cotransporter 2 expression, especially in CA2 and the dentate gyrus. The change was more prominent for the Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter 1 than for the K＋-CI- cotransporter 2. These experimental findings indicate that the balance between intracellular and extracellular chloride may be disturbed in hippocampal sclerosis, contributing to the hyperexcitability underlying epileptic seizures. Changes in Na＋-K＋-CI-cotransporter 1 expression seems to be the main contributor. Our study may shed new light on possible therapies for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.
文摘A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar appli-cation of potassium (K) and Mepiquat Chloride (MC) on yield of cotton. Seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton and lint yield per hectare;have been increased due to the higher N rate and use of foliar application of K and MC. No significant interactions were found among the variables in the present study (N, K and MC) with respect to characters under investigation. Generally, interactions indicated that, the fa-vorable effects ascribed to the application of N;spraying cotton plants with K combined with MC on cotton productivity, were more obvious by applying N at 143 kg per hectare, and combined with spraying cotton plants with K at 957 g per hectare and also with MC at 48 + 24 g active ingredient per hectare. Sensible increases were found in seed cotton yield per hectare (about 40%) as a result of applying the same combination. However, this interaction did not reach the level of significance, so, statistical approach for dealing with the non-significant interactions between treatments, depending on the Least Significant Difference values has been suggested, to provide an opportunity to disclosure of the interaction effects regardless of their insignificance. As a matter of fact the original formula used in calculating the significance of interactions suffers a possible shortage, which can be eliminated through applying the new suggested formula.
文摘【目的】施钾是保障土壤钾素供应和棉花高产的必要手段,缩节胺化学封顶是调节棉花生物量分配的重要措施,合理协调两者的关系是棉花提质增产的前提,因此探究包膜含缩节胺氯化钾对土壤钾素形态及棉花生长特性的影响,可为维持土壤钾素平衡及实现棉花减肥高产提供依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,共设7个处理,分别为一次基施包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(CRKMC,0.15 g kg^(-1)土)、减量30%包膜含缩节胺氯化钾(CRKMC70%)、控释氯化钾(CRK)、减量30%控释氯化钾(CRK70%)、分次施用普通氯化钾(KCl)、减量30%普通氯化钾(KCl70%)及空白对照(CK)。测定棉花生育期内土壤钾素含量、棉花株高、茎粗、光合特性和产量。【结果】CRKMC处理的籽棉产量最高,较CRK和KCl处理分别显著增加了13.80%和22.58%,且CRKMC70%处理棉花产量与CRK处理相比不减产。此外,CRKMC处理显著提高了棉花植株茎粗、净光合速率、SPAD值和钾素农学利用率,且蕾期后CRKMC处理的土壤速效钾、缓效钾和水溶性钾含量高于KCl处理。蕾期至盛花期,速效钾部分转化为缓效钾储存,使得缓效钾含量升高,且各控释处理效果优于普通钾肥。【结论】一次基施包膜含缩节胺氯化钾可有效保障土壤钾素供应,提高土壤固钾潜力并优化棉花生长特性,为实现棉花高产、优化用工提供技术支撑。
