Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablets + Aspirin Enteric-Coated Tablets on Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical effect of clopidogrel bisulfate tablets combined with aspirin enteric-coated tablets on acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients.Methods:The study period was from January 2020 to December 2023,the sample source was 82 AMI patients admitted to our hospital,grouped into an observation group(n=41)and a control group(n=41)by the numerical table method.The patients in the control group were treated with aspirin enteric-coated tablets,and the patients in the observation group were treated with aspirin enteric-coated tablets combined with clopidogrel bisulfate.The clinical efficacy,coagulation indexes,and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events between the two groups were compared.Results:The clinical efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the platelet aggregation rate(PAR)of the observation group was lower than that of the con-trol group after treatment(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the prothrombin time(PT)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment effect of clopidogrel bisulfate tablets combined with aspirin enteric-coated tablets on AMI patients is remarkable.It reduces the PAR and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events,so this treatment method should be popularized.

Formulation development of nifedipine controlled-release coated tablets

Due to frequent administration of oral nifedipine tablet, controlled or sustained release of the drug will improve patient compliance, stable blood level and side effect decrement [1,2].Various extended release nifedipine products have been commercially available. In this study, extended release tablets of this drug were formulated using sodium alginate,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as controlled release matrix materials.

Effects of mixed fertilizers formed by the compounding of two targeted controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers on yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice

One-time application of mixed fertilizer formed by the compounding of two controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers(CRUs)with targeted N supply during the periods from transplantation(TS)to panicle initiation(PI)and from PI to heading(HS)is expected to synchronize the double-peak N demand of rice.However,its effects on the yield and N use efficiency(NUE)of labor-intensive double-cropping rice were unknown.Two targeted CRU(CRU_(A)and CRU_(B))were compounded in five ratios(CRU_(A):CRU_(B)=10:0,7:3,5:5,3:7,and 0:10)to form five mixed fertilizers(BBFs):BBF1-5.A field experiment was performed to investigate the characteristics of N supply in early and late seasons under different BBFs and their effects on N uptake,yield,and ammonia volatilization(AV)loss from paddy fields of double-cropping rice.Conventional high-yield fertilization(CK,three split applications of urea)and zero-N treatments were established as controls.The N supply dropped significantly with the increased compound ratio of CRU_(B)during the period from TS to PI,but increased during the period from PI to HS.With the exception of the period from TS to PI in the late rice season,the N uptake of early and late rice maintained close synchronicity with the N supply of BBFs during the double-peak periods.Excessive N supply(BBF1 and BBF2)in the late rice season during the period from TS to PI increased N loss by AV.The effect of BBF on grain yield increase varied widely between seasons,irrespective of year.Among the BBFs,the BBF2 treatment of early rice not only stabilized the spikelets per panicle but also ensured a high number of effective panicles by promoting N uptake during the period from TS to PI and a high grain-filling percentage by appropriately reducing the N supply at the later PI stage,resulting in the highest rice yield.While stabilizing the effective panicle number,the BBF4 treatment of late rice increased the number of spikelets per panicle by promoting N uptake during the period from PI to HS,resulting in the highest rice yield.The two-year average yield and apparent N recovery efficiency of the BBF2 treatment during the early rice season were 9.6 t ha 1 and 45.3%,while those of late rice in BBF4 were 9.6 t ha 1 and 43.0%,respectively.The yield and NUE indexes of BBF2 in early rice and BBF4 in late rice showed no significant difference from those of CK.The AVs of BBF2 during the early rice season and of BBF4 during the late rice season were 50.0%and 76.8%lower,respectively,than those of CK.BBF2 and BBF4 could effectively replace conventional urea split fertilization in early and late rice seasons,ensuring rice yield and NUE and reducing AV loss in paddy fields.

Application of Silica Aerogel Carrier via Supercritical Drying for Fragrance Controlled-release

Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane,Methymethoxysilane,tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical drying process(labelled as TMOS-AG Me-TMOS-AG,Pr-TMOS-AG,or Ph-TMOS-AG,respectively).Three fragrances,including geraniol,ethyl vanillin,and menthol,were loaded to TMOS-AG.The thermal analysis confirmed all loading fragrances are stable until over 200℃.And among all fragrances,geraniol presented the maximum loading contents(L_(m)).Concentration dependences indicated the geraniol was mono layer absorbed.Py-GC/MS of geraniol in TMOS-AG under both N_(2)and mimic air atmosphere(90%N_(2)and 10%O_(2))confirmed that loaded geraniol could be thermally controlled-released beginning at 200℃.As N_(2)absorption confirmed,even absorption/desorption equilibrium constant(k)was determined mainly by hydrophilicity of silica aerogels,and the maximum loading contents(L_(m))were influenced more by the pore size.Due to mono layered absorption,bigger pores usually give less specific areas and less absorbing sites for geraniol,and then present lower L_(m).

Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea with appropriate nitrogen application rate to reduce wheat stem lodging risk and increase grain yield and yield stability

A mixture of controlled-release urea and normal urea(CRUNU)is an efficient nitrogen(N)fertilizer type,but little is known about its effects on stem lodging resistance,grain yield,and yield stability of wheat.In this study,a 4-year field experiment(from 2017 to 2021)was conducted to analyze the effects of N fertilizer types(CRUNU and normal urea(NU))and application rates(low level(L),135 kg ha^(–1);medium level(M),180 kg ha^(–1);high level(H),225 kg ha^(–1))on population lodging resistance,basal internode strength,lignin content and synthetase activity,stem lodging resistance,grain yield,and yield stability of wheat.Our results showed that the two N fertilizer types had the highest lodging rate under high N application rates,and the M-CRUNU treatment showed the lowest lodging rate.Compared with NU,CRUNU improved the wheat population lodging resistance under the three N application rates,mainly related to improving wheat population characteristics and breaking the strength of the second basal internode.Correlation analysis showed that the breaking strength of the second basal internode was related to the physical characteristics,chemical components,and micro-structure of the internode.Compared with NU,CRUNU significantly increased wheat grain yield by 4.47,14.62,and 3.12%under low,medium,and high N application rates,respectively.In addition,CRUNU showed no significant difference in grain yield under medium and high N application rates,but it presented the highest yield stability under the medium N application rate.In summary,CRUNU,combined with the medium N application rate,is an efficient agronomic management strategy for wheat production.

Subsurface banding of blended controlled-release urea can optimize rice yields while minimizing yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions

Controlled-release urea(CRU)is widely reported to supply crop nitrogen(N)demand with one basal application,thus effectively replacing split applications of urea without diminishing grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE).However,its use for replacement for high-yield split applications of urea(CK)for rice is untested.In addition,the degree to which greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in rice systems are affected when CRU is substituted for CK remains unclear.During 2017 and 2018,we sampled plant growth and gas emissions in a rice paddy field treated with three CRU types(sulfur-coated urea[SCU],polymer-coated urea[PCU],and bulk blended CRU[BBU])applied via two methods(surface broadcasting on the soil and subsurface banding at 5 cm depth),with CK as a control.The three CRUs led to different soil NH_(4)^(+)-N dynamics,and the N supply pattern under BBU was more beneficial for rice seedling establishment than under SCU and PCU,resulting in grain yield and NUE comparable to those under CK.CRU type showed no significant effect on either CH_(4) emissions or N_(2)O emissions,and broadcast CRUs exhibited significantly higher total GHG emissions than CK.However,banded CRUs significantly reduced the total GHG emissions in comparison with broadcast CRUs,by 9.2%averaged across the two years.Reduced CH_(4) emissions,particularly during the period prior to the middle drainage,contributed largely to the GHG difference.With comparably high grain yield and low total GHG emissions,banded BBU showed a low yield-scaled GHG(GHG emissions divided by grain yield)comparable to that under CK in both years.Overall,our study suggested that N management synchronized with rice demand and contributing to a high NUE tended to minimize yield-scaled GHG.Broadcast CRU can hardly substitute for CK in terms of either grain yield or GHG emissions,but banded BBU is a promising N management strategy for sustaining rice production while minimizing environmental impacts.

Integration of network pharmacology with experimental verification reveals the hypoglycemic mechanism of coptisine in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets:inhibition of the FoxO1 signaling pathway and hepatic gluconeogenesis

Background:Jinqi Jiangtang tablets(JQJT)have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China for many years.Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clinical application and further drug research and development.This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Methods:With network pharmacology,we screened substances in JQJT and their possible targets,then constructed the action network and enriched the biological functions and pathways associated with the active components,and identified the potential targets and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Based on the network pharmacology data,we explored the hypoglycemic mechanisms of coptisine in JQJT through western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:Forty-three compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties were identified in JQJT,together with 146 potential biological targets.Among these potential targets,74 were associated with treatment of T2DM.A compound-target network of the 43 compounds against T2DM was constructed.Biological process and signal pathway enrichment analysis of the network highlighted the FoxO signaling pathway.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that coptisine,but not epiberberine,significantly inhibited expression of key genes involved in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis by regulating the FoxO1 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments showed that coptisine regulated glucose homeostasis by inhibiting the FoxO1 signaling pathway and hepatic gluconeogenesis,which may be one of the mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.

Optimization of the Formulation Process of Glucosamine Chondroitin Sulfate Tablets

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the Formulation Process of glucosamine chondroitin sulfate tablets. [Methods] The orthogonal design with three levels was carried out with microcrystalline cellulose, calcium hydrophosphate and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone as three factors to optimize the preparation process. [Results] When microcrystalline cellulose 200 mg/tablet, calcium hydrophosphate 150 mg/tablet, and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone 80 mg/tablet were added, the angle of repose could meet the requirements of tablet pressing, and the dissolution could reach more than 95% in 30 min. The results of the orthogonal test showed that the dissolution effect of self-made tablets was faster than that of commercial products. [Conclusions] The glucosamine hydrochloride chondroitin sulfate tablets prepared by this prescription have better quality.

Clinical efficacy and safety of Guipi decoction combined with escitalopram oxalate tablets in patients with depression

BACKGROUND Depression is a widespread mental health condition that requires effective treatment.In the treatment of depression,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers obvious advantages,fewer adverse reactions,and a lower recurrence rate.AIM To evaluate the clinical benefits of Guipi decoction combined with escitalopram oxalate tablets for individuals with depression.METHODS In total,80 patients diagnosed as having depression were enrolled in the study and divided into either an experimental group or a control group.All of the patients were orally administered escitalopram oxalate tablets.Additionally,the experimental group received Jiajian Guipi decoction and reduced Governor vessel fumigation over 4 wk.TCM syndrome scores,Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D)scores,self-rating depression scale(SDS)scores,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores were measured for the two groups and compared before and after the treatment.The two groups were monitored for any adverse reactions.RESULTS After 4 wk of treatment,both groups exhibited a significant reduction in TCM syndrome scores compared with their pre-treatment scores(P<0.05).However,the experimental group exhibited significantly lower TCM syndrome scores than the control group(P<0.05).Similarly,the post-treatment SDS and HAM-D-24 scores were significantly lower in both groups than the pre-treatment scores(P<0.05),with the experimental group exhibiting lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The total treatment efficiency was significantly better in the experimental group(97.14%)than in the control group(77.78%)(P<0.05).Furthermore,after 4 wk of treatment,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores for both groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment(P<0.05),with the experimental group exhibiting lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of Guipi decoction and escitalopram oxalate tablets was found to be an effective and safe treatment for depression.This combination could reduce TCM syndrome scores,improve depressive symptoms,and enhance sleep quality.

To explore the mechanism of Naodesheng tablets in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics

Background:Naodesheng tablets(NDST)was widely used in clinical treatment as a drug for cardiovascular diseases,but the mechanism for treating atherosclerosis was unknown.On the basis of network pharmacology and bioinformatics,predict the relevant targets and signalling pathways for NDST in the treatment of atherosclerosis.Methods:First,the targets of NDST and the targets for treating atherosclerosis were looked for in different databases.Next,Venny 2.1.0 was used to find the genes that overlapped between NDST and targets for treating atherosclerosis.Subsequently,the herb-active ingredient-target-disease were obtained to explore the hub compound.Furthermore,the Metascape database was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis.And we constructed the“active ingredient-intersection target-pathway”network by Cytoscape software to gain the hub genes and pathways.Finally,molecular docking was used to verify the affinity of hub ingredients and hub genes.Results:In the results,67 active ingredients and 322 targets of NDST were selected in ingredients-targets network.154 overlapping targets of NDST(322)and atherosclerosis(1330)were obtained.Then,the herb-active ingredient-target-disease showed that quercetin,apigenin and luteolin were the hub ingredients to treat atherosclerosis.Further,the hub genes(PTGS2,RXRA,CASP3)and pathways(lipid and atherosclerosis)were accessed in active ingredient-intersection target-pathway.Finally,the results indicated that quercetin,apigenin and luteolin were better binding the PTGS2,RXRA,CASP3,especially PTGS2 and luteolin in molecular docking.Conclusion:In conclusion,quercetin,apigenin and luteolin,as the main ingredients of NDST could play a important role in PTGS2,RXRA,and CASP3 for treating atherosclerosis via the lipid and atherosclerosis(TNF signaling pathway).

Effect of Jianpi Shengxue Tablet on Iron Metabolism and Nutritional Status in Patients with Renal Anemia:A Prospective,Randomized,Open,Parallel Controlled and Multicenter Clinical Study

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of the Jianpi Shengxue tablet for treating renal anemia.Methods A total of 200 patients with renal anemia from December 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the control group were treated with polysaccharide-iron complex,and those in the experimental group were administered Jianpi Shengxue tablet.After 8 weeks of continuous treatment,the therapeutic outcomes regarding anemia were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the red blood cell(RBC)count,hematocrit(HCT),reticulocyte percentage(RET),ferritin(SF),serum iron(SI),transferrin saturation(TSAT),and serum albumin(ALB)all increased(P<0.01),and the clinical symptom score and total iron binding capacity decreased(P<0.01)in the experimental group.Moreover,the improvements in RBC,HCT,RET,SF,SI,TAST,ALB,and clinical symptoms(fatigue,anorexia,dull skin complexion,numbness of hands and feet)in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate for treating renal anemia was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The Jianpi Shengxue tablet demonstrates efficacy in treating renal anemia,leading to significant improvements in the laboratory examination results and clinical symptoms of patients with renal anemia.

Study on the Effect of Bifidobacterium Quadruple Viable Tablets in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Objective:To study the therapeutic efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets.Methods:49 cases were selected from ulcerative colitis patients who attended the clinic from February 2021 to November 2022,and were randomly grouped into group A for addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets treatment,and group B for conventional medication.The efficacy,inflammatory factors,nutritional indexes,and adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Results:The efficacy of UC patients in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the inflammatory factors in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05);nutritional indicators in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05);and the adverse reactions of medication in UC patients in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of UC patients with the addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets can improve the nutritional status of the organism,inhibit the progression of inflammation,and is safe and efficient in treating ulcerative colitis.

Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Megestrol Acetate Dispersible Tablets in Adjuvant Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of megestrol acetate dispersible tablets in the adjuvant treatment of acute leukemia.Methods:80 patients with acute leukemia admitted from December 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into two groups.The control group underwent chemotherapy,and the observation group took megestrol acetate dispersible tablets and underwent chemotherapy.The effect of the treatments were evaluated by analyzing the albumin(Alb)and prealbumin(Palb)indicators,and the adverse reactions were observed.Results:There was no significant difference in Alb and Palb indexes between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,Alb and Palb indexes in the observation group were greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 20.00%,which was significantly higher than the observation group(5.00%),with P<0.05.Conclusion:The combination of megestrol acetate dispersible tablets and chemotherapy is more effective in treating patients with acute leukemia,and the Alb and Palb indexes can be optimized.Besides,there are fewer adverse reactions,which means that the treatment is relatively safe.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis with Lingze Tablets Combined with TCM Herbal Acupoint Plasters

Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of Lingze tablets combined with traditional Chinese medicine herbal acupoint plasters on chronic prostatitis.Methods:A total of 64 patients with chronic prostatitis who were admitted to the Andrology Clinic of Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2021 to March 2023 were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 32 cases in each group.The control group took Lingze tablets orally,4 tablets/time,3 times/d;the treatment group took the same medication along with traditional Chinese medicine acupoint herbal plasters.The two groups of patients were treated continuously for 6 weeks,and the differences in the relevant indexes of the curative effect were observed.Results:The NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI)scores of the two groups significantly reduced after treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of the patients in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The treatment received in the treatment group achieved and efficacy of 96.88%,which was significantly higher than that of the group,which was 81.25%(P<0.05).The maximum flow rate(MFR),average flow rate AFR,and urine output of the patients of both groups improved significantly after treatment(P<0.05).However,the experimental group showed better improvements in these indicators(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lingze tablets combined with traditional Chinese medicine acupoint herbal plasters can significantly improve the symptoms and urodynamic function of patients with chronic prostatitis.

Efficacy and safety of Yangxinshi tablet for chronic heart failure:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The specific benefits of Yangxinshi tablet(YXST)in the treating chronic heart failure(CHF)remain uncertain.AIM To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of YXST in the treatment of CHF.METHODS Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating YXST for CHF treatment were retrieved from eight public databases up to November 2023.Meta-analyses of the included clinical studies were conducted using Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS Twenty RCTs and 1845 patients were included.The meta-analysis results showed that the YXST combination group,compared to the conventional drug group,significantly increased the clinical efficacy rate by 23%[relative risk(RR)=1.23,95%CI:1.17-1.29],(P<0.00001),left ventricular ejection fraction by 6.69%[mean difference(MD)=6.69,95%CI:4.42-8.95,P<0.00001]and 6-min walk test by 49.82 m(MD=49.82,95%C:38.84-60.80,P<0.00001),and reduced N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide by 1.03 ng/L[standardized MD(SMD)=-1.03,95%CI:-1.32 to-0.74,P<0.00001],brain natriuretic peptide by 80.95 ng/L(MD=-80.95,95%CI:-143.31 to-18.59,P=0.01),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 3.92 mm(MD=-3.92,95%CI:-5.06 to-2.78,P<0.00001),and left ventricular endsystolic diameter by 4.34 mm(MD=-4.34,95%CI:-6.22 to-2.47,P<0.00001).Regarding safety,neither group reported any serious adverse events during treatment(RR=0.54,95%CI:0.15-1.90,P=0.33).In addition,Egger's test results indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.557).CONCLUSION YXST effectively improves clinical symptoms and cardiac function in patients with CHF while maintaining a favorable safety profile,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for CHF.

The Therapeutic Effect of Biling Weitong Granules Combined with Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet on Reflux Esophagitis with Functional Dyspepsia

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Biling Weitong Granules combined with oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets on patients with reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia.Methods:Sixty patients diagnosed with reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University between June 2020 and June 2023 were selected and divided into two groups:the control group and the observation group,each consisting of 30 cases.The control group received oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets only,while the observation group received Biling Weitong Granules in addition to the tablets.The clinical efficacy,Chinese medicine syndrome points,esophageal kinetic indexes,gastrointestinal hormone levels,and therapeutic safety of both groups were evaluated.Results:The total efficiency of the observation group reached 93.33%,significantly higher than the 73.33%of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,patients in the observation group exhibited significantly lower scores for Chinese medicine symptoms such as early satiety,belching,abdominal distension,abdominal pain,and loss of appetite compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the observation group showed significantly higher upper esophageal sphincter pressure,lower esophageal sphincter pressure,and distal esophageal contraction scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,levels of gastric motility hormone,vasoactive intestinal peptide,and gastrin were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Throughout the treatment period,there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups,indicating comparable safety of the two treatment modalities(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Biling Weitong Granules with oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets demonstrates significant efficacy in the treatment of reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia,with a better safety profile.This finding warrants further clinical promotion.

Randomized controlled trial of sodium phosphate tablets vs polyethylene glycol solution for colonoscopy bowel cleansing

AIM:To compare efficacy,patient compliance,acceptability,satisfaction,safety,and adenoma detection rate of sodium phosphate tablets(NaP,CLICOLONTM)to a standard 4 L polyethylene glycol(PEG)solution for bowel cleansing for adults undergoing colonoscopy.METHODS:In this multicenter,randomized,prospective,investigator-blind study,the relatively young(19-60years)healthy outpatients without comorbidity were randomly assigned to one of two arms.All colonoscopy were scheduled in the morning.The NaP group was asked to take 4 tablets,5 times the evening before and4 tablets,3 times early on the morning of the colonoscopy.The PEG group was asked to ingest 2 L of solution the evening before and 2 L early in the morning of the procedure.Adequacy of bowel preparation was scored using the Boston bowel preparation scale.RESULTS:No significant differences were observed between the NaP group(n=158)and PEG group(n=162)in bowel cleansing quality(adequate preparation93.0%vs 92.6%,P=0.877),patient compliance(P=0.228),overall adverse events(63.3%vs 69.1%,P=0.269),or adenoma detection rate(34.8%vs 35.2%,P=0.944).Patient acceptability,satisfaction,and patient rating of taste were higher in the NaP group than in the PEG group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:NaP tablets,compared with PEG solution,produced equivalent colon cleansing,did not cause more side effects,and had better patient acceptability and satisfaction in the relatively young(age<60years)healthy individuals without comorbidity.An oral tablet formulation could make bowel preparation less burdensome,resulting in greater patient participation in screening programs.

Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF): A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture

Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N 2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs, the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture.

Double-layered osmotic pump controlled release tablets of actarit: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

The aim of the study was to develop actarit double-layered osmotic pump tablets to overcome the weak points of actarit common tablets, such as short half-life and large plasma concentration fluctuations. Single factor experiment and orthogonal test were applied to optimize the formulation;the pharmacokinetic study was performed in beagle dogs adopting actarit common tablets as reference tablets. The optimal formulation was as follows: drug layer: 150 mg actarit, 240 mg PEO-N80, 50 mg NaCl;push layer: 140 mg PEO-WSR303, 20 mg NaCl;coating solution: 30 g cellulose acetate and 6 g PEG 4000 in 1000 ml 94% acetone solution, 60 mg coating weight gain. The pharmacokinetic study showed that T max was prolonged by the contrast of commercial common tablets with constant drug release rate, but the bioavailability was equivalent. And a good in vivo –in vitro correlation of the actarit osmotic pump tablets was also established. The designed actarit osmotic pump tablets can be applied for rheumatoid arthritis, proposing a promising replacement for the marked common products.

Controlled-release Properties of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Some disperse dyes were microencapsulated by means of in- situ polymerization. These microencapsulated disperse dyes was extracted respectively by ethanol under certain conditions. The controlled-release properties of disperse dyes through the shell of microcapsules were measured by spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was drawn that the type of disperse dyes, the auxiliaries contained in disperse dyes, the quantity of system controlling medium used and the core/shell ratio of microcapsules play important roles in controlling the release properties of microcapsules. The different controlled- release properties of microcapsules, which were prepared under given conditions, however, would in turn influence the performance of microcapsules in multiple-transfer printing.