A New Fully Differential Adaptive CMOS Line Driver Using Fuzzy Controller Suitable for ADSL Modems

In this paper, a new principle for an adaptive line driver using Fuzzy logic is presented. This type of line driver can adapt its output impedance and gain, automatically to the applied load using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). This results in automatically corrected output impedance for different cables with terminations. Also, the line driver output impedance and gain become insensitive to process and line variations. As an example, a line driver for ADSL application has been designed. The circuit operates from a 3.3 v in a 0.35 um standard CMOS technology. The power consumption of FLC is about 1 mW. The circuit dissipates 106 mW and exhibits a -62 dB THD for a 3.2-Vpp signal at 5 MHz across a 75 ohms Load. It has a relatively high -3 dB bandwidth (240 MHz) with good phase margin of about 67 degrees in a 10 pF load capacitor.

Decision-Making in Driver-Automation Shared Control:A Review and Perspectives

Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driver’s abilities to control.The human driver,as an essential agent in the driver-vehicle shared control systems,should be precisely modeled regarding their cognitive processes,control strategies,and decision-making processes.The interactive strategy design between drivers and automated driving agents brings an excellent challenge for human-centric driver assistance systems due to the inherent characteristics of humans.Many open-ended questions arise,such as what proper role of human drivers should act in a shared control scheme?How to make an intelligent decision capable of balancing the benefits of agents in shared control systems?Due to the advent of these attentions and questions,it is desirable to present a survey on the decision making between human drivers and highly automated vehicles,to understand their architectures,human driver modeling,and interaction strategies under the driver-vehicle shared schemes.Finally,we give a further discussion on the key future challenges and opportunities.They are likely to shape new potential research directions.

Deducing Complete Selection Rule Set for Driver Nodes to Guarantee Network’s Structural Controllability

Structural controllability is critical for operating and controlling large-scale complex networks. In real applications, for a given network, it is always desirable to have more selections for driver nodes which make the network structurally controllable. Different from the works in complex network field where structural controllability is often used to explore the emergence properties of complex networks at a macro level,in this paper, we investigate it for control design purpose at the application level and focus on describing and obtaining the solution space for all selections of driver nodes to guarantee structural controllability. In accord with practical applications,we define the complete selection rule set as the solution space which is composed of a series of selection rules expressed by intuitive algebraic forms. It explicitly indicates which nodes must be controlled and how many nodes need to be controlled in a node set and thus is particularly helpful for freely selecting driver nodes. Based on two algebraic criteria of structural controllability, we separately develop an input-connectivity algorithm and a relevancy algorithm to deduce selection rules for driver nodes. In order to reduce the computational complexity,we propose a pretreatment algorithm to reduce the scale of network's structural matrix efficiently, and a rearrangement algorithm to partition the matrix into several smaller ones. A general procedure is proposed to get the complete selection rule set for driver nodes which guarantee network's structural controllability. Simulation tests with efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithms are given and the result of applying the proposed procedure to some real networks is also shown, and these all indicate the validity of the proposed procedure.

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Driver Noncooperative-Game Steering Control Behavior

This paper investigates two noncooperative-game strategies which may be used to represent a human driver's steering control behavior in response to vehicle automated steering intervention.The first strategy,namely the Nash strategy is derived based on the assumption that a Nash equilibrium is reached in a noncooperative game of vehicle path-following control involving a driver and a vehicle automated steering controller.The second one,namely the Stackelberg strategy is derived based on the assumption that a Stackelberg equilibrium is reached in a similar context.A simulation study is performed to study the differences between the two proposed noncooperativegame strategies.An experiment using a fixed-base driving simulator is carried out to measure six test drivers'steering behavior in response to vehicle automated steering intervention.The Nash strategy is then fitted to measured driver steering wheel angles following a model identification procedure.Control weight parameters involved in the Nash strategy are identified.It is found that the proposed Nash strategy with the identified control weights is capable of representing the trend of measured driver steering behavior and vehicle lateral responses.It is also found that the proposed Nash strategy is superior to the classic driver steering control strategy which has widely been used for modeling driver steering control over the past.A discussion on improving automated steering control using the gained knowledge of driver noncooperative-game steering control behavior was made.

Research trends in methods for controlling macro-micro motion platforms

With ongoing economic,scientific,and technological developments,the electronic devices used in daily lives are developing toward precision and miniaturization,and so the demand for high-precision manufacturing machinery is expanding.The most important piece of equipment in modern high-precision manufacturing is the macro-micro motion platform(M3P),which offers high speed,precision,and efficiency and has macro-micro motion coupling characteristics due to its mechanical design and composition of its driving components.Therefore,the design of the control system is crucial for the overall precision of the platform;conventional proportional–integral–derivative control cannot meet the system requirements,and so M3Ps are the subject of a growing range of modern control strategies.This paper begins by describing the development history of M3Ps,followed by their platform structure and motion control system components,and then in-depth assessments of the macro,micro,and macro-micro control systems.In addition to examining the advantages and disadvantages of current macro-micro motion control,recent technological breakthroughs are noted.Finally,based on existing problems,future directions for M3P control systems are given,and the present conclusions offer guidelines for future work on M3Ps.

Driver Sleepiness and Risk of Car Crashes in Shenyang, a Chinese Northeastern City: Population-based Case-control Study

Objective To estimate the association of driver sleepiness with the risk of car crashes. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in Shenyang, a northeastern city in China, between November 2001 and July 2002. The case group comprised 406 car drivers involved in crashes, and 438 car drivers recruited at randomly selected sites, and on the day of week, and the time of day when they were driving on highways in the study region during the study period were used as control groups. Face-to-face interviews with drivers were conducted according to a well-structured questionnaire covering the circumstances of their current trip and their background information. Stanford sleepiness scale and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to quantify acute sleepiness and chronic sleepiness respectively. Results There was a strong association between chronic sleepiness and the risk of car crash. Significantly increased risk of crash was associated with drivers who identified themselves as sleepy (Epworth sleepiness score≥10 vs <10; adjusted odds ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.29), but no increased risk was associated with measures of acute sleepiness. Conclusions Chronic sleepiness in car drivers significantly increases the risk of car crash. Reductions in road traffic injuries may be achieved if fewer people drive when they are sleepy.

A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control

An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB.

船舶远程驾驶人机主从博弈控制方法研究

针对船舶远程驾驶场景下的人机目标非一致性问题,本文设计了系统人主机辅的运行模式,提出一种主从博弈框架下的共享控制方法,将船舶协同避碰转向任务中的人机交互作用描述为完全信息条件下的非合作博弈关系,通过构造驾驶员和共驾控制器的状态空间推导主从博弈的Stackelberg微分对策,使用Fan-GFlicksberg不动点定理证明纳什均衡解的存在性与唯一性。根据驾驶风格和操纵技能预分配驾驶权重,基于模型预测控制方法设计轨迹跟踪器,采取反馈校正方式在有限时域内滚动优化,综合考虑船舶安全航行边界、碰撞风险和人机冲突程度在线进行调节。选取船舶横向偏移误差和驾驶员操作负荷等评价指标,在内河操纵环境下验证了方法的有效性。仿真结果表明:本文所提出的主从博弈控制方法能够为具备不同驾驶风格和操纵技能的作业人员提供个性化辅助,当驾驶员和共驾控制器发生意图冲突时,根据航行风险对预分配权重进行调节,在确保航行安全的前提下使船舶尽可能满足驾驶员的操纵意图。

基于驾驶员意图采集的车辆状态控制系统分析

驾驶员操作意图是整车状态变化的基础,对整车运行具有重要影响。以驾驶员操作意图为研究的出发点,对驾驶员执行车辆各种操作时,车辆的状态进行分析,主动包括启动自检工况,档位变化、加速、制动、转向等工况;基于分析结果对各工况的控制流程进行分析和设计;提出了实现车辆基本功能的控制模式,并对控制电路进行设计。在此基础上,应用实车调试,对控制系统进行了测试。结果可知:对车辆进行准确控制的前提是对驾驶员意图进行准确的分析采集,控制流程应简洁明了,尽可能减少控制器的执行周期,缩短控制周期;实车测试表明系统能准确的实现驾驶员的操作意图,实现加速、减速、制动等,表明所设计的控制系统的可靠性与准确性,为此类设计提供参考。

数字赋能“有效论”:数字化转型对重污染企业绿色创新的双向效应

当前,以大数据、云计算等为代表的数字技术快速发展,为企业绿色创新提供了新动能。然而,数字赋能的“有效性”问题一直在学术界存在争议。基于2010—2020年中国沪深A股重污染企业数据,实证检验了数字化转型对企业绿色创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现,数字化转型与绿色创新之间存在显著的倒“U”型关系,且样本企业广泛分布于倒“U”型曲线最高点的左侧;管控投入在数字化转型与企业绿色创新的关系中发挥部分中介作用。同时,政府补助能够显著强化数字化转型与企业绿色创新之间的倒“U”型关系。异质性分析表明,上述倒“U”型关系主要存在于国有企业和媒体报道较多的企业中。这说明,“技术驱动”有助于重污染企业绿色创新“增量提质”,但过度数字化会诱使企业陷入“技术鸿沟”,不利于数字化与绿色创新的协同推进。因此,重污染企业应找准数字技术赋能生态环境保护的契合点与着力点,政府可以利用补贴政策进一步激励企业数字赋能绿色创新。

压电驱动在超精密加工领域的应用现状与发展趋势综述

超精密加工中,为实现微/纳米级的加工精度,必须提供更高精度的驱动装置和控制技术。压电驱动具有精度高、振动频率高、力密度高、响应快、无电磁干扰、能断电自锁和优良的环境适应性等优点,被广泛应用在超精密加工领域,已成为超精密加工技术中的一项核心关键技术。首先系统阐述了压电驱动技术的致动原理、分类和特点,对压电驱动的致动原理和发展现状进行了分析;然后从加工、定位和抑制振动3个方面介绍了压电驱动技术在超精密加工中的应用现状,最后对压电驱动技术的发展方向进行了讨论及展望。

通用电机控制模块及其驱动软件的研发

电动车的研发是目前的研究热点,它给人们的生活带来了无尽的想象空间,其中各种车辆辅助操作系统为电动车提供了多种保障。提出了一种通用的电机控制模块及其驱动软件的实现原理,它可以方便地接入各种电动车,包括电动汽车和电动自行车,从而给电动自行车辆提供一种低成本的电机解决方案。该系统除了具有行驶、转弯、加速和制动等基本驾驶动作外,还可通过卫星连接,对车辆精准定位。该系统与对应的手机应用软件连接,还能实现多种附加功能,如语音操控、远程操控等功能。

统一驱动与能力抽象结合的无人机载荷虚拟化方法及实现

随着无人机及其集群应用不断深入并日益广泛,无人机载荷呈现种类多样、形态异构、接口复杂等特点,但同时要求系统能快速接入并高效管理载荷。为了解耦无人机载荷与系统平台的紧密关系,扩展对异构载荷的兼容能力,提出一种新型的载荷设备虚拟化方法。提出分层驱动模型,实现载荷硬件设备和驱动软件的解耦,使载荷设备接入过程标准化,该模型通过软硬件协同实现;提出基于“能力”的载荷抽象,解耦载荷应用功能及其设备实体;给出了载荷虚拟化方法具体实现及其典型验证实例。上述载荷设备虚拟化方法通过载荷应用、载荷驱动及载荷设备的软硬件解耦,增强了系统接入不同载荷的兼容性及扩展性,提高了统一管理多种载荷的效率。

基于自适应PI模型的压电陶瓷驱动器精密定位方法

由于具备较高的定位精确度,压电陶瓷驱动器在超精密加工、微纳米测试等领域应用广泛,然而压电陶瓷固有的迟滞性严重影响其定位精确度。研究了驱动范围对压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞性的影响,实验得出迟滞性随驱动范围增大而显著。而在压电陶瓷驱动器的实际应用中,驱动范围是其主要的设置参数之一。为此,提出基于自适应Prandtle-Ishlinskii(PI)模型的拟合方法,根据不同驱动范围下获得的迟滞曲线的斜率变化趋势设置分段区间,采用二次规划算法辨识PI模型的权重参数,基于分段区间对迟滞曲线进行拟合,大大提高了拟合精确度。设计基于自适应PI模型的逆模型作为前馈控制器对压电陶瓷驱动器进行迟滞补偿,并搭建基于Labview的实验平台验证了该算法的可行性。实验结果表明,基于自适应PI逆模型的前馈控制器将压电陶瓷驱动器的定位精确度提高至1.8 nm。

基于586-Driver的无人机飞控计算机智能检测系统研制

传统无人机飞控计算机检测以人工操作为主,操作繁琐、数据量大、易受人为因素影响,导致测试效率低、结果主观性强、安全性不足;提出基于信号门限自动检测技术的飞控计算机一键式全功能检测方案;以586-Driver板卡为核心,设计了接口板、电源板、信号调理板和检测板,研制了智能检测系统;模块功能包括底层驱动、时序控制、上电控制与电流检测、功能检测等模块,实现了在全程无人干预情况下对飞控计算机按预设时序逻辑的自动测试;采用人为注入故障测试方式进行了系统测试,结果表明:该系统满足某型飞控计算机的检测需求,提高了飞控计算机检测效率,具有实际工程应用价值。

一种多波长激光器的多模式驱动研究

介绍了一种多波长半导体激光器驱动系统的设计,该系统采用了压控电流源与PicoLAS模块混合驱动的方法,具有效率高、体积小、电路简单可靠、易于系统集成等优点,为半导体激光器的驱动设计提供了一种选择和参考。

基于STM32的舞蹈机器人舵机控制器设计

机器人舞蹈动作的实现离不开机器人对各个关节处的舵机精确控制,而舵机控制器是控制舵机精确转动的关键,实现舞蹈机器人动作的流畅、自然的保证。基于STM32F103RCT6单片机,开发了24路舵机控制器,实现了PC端对舞蹈机器人的实时在线调试,舞蹈机器人舞蹈动作的编辑、下载及离线运行,舞蹈机器人对应角度的转动,提高了多路舵机的控制精度。系统设计包括舵机控制器模块、上位机对单片机下载程序、上位机软件。与PID舵机控制器的对比实验结果证明,所设计的STM32F103RCT6单片机舵机控制器的稳态误差和最大超调量都为0,表明所设计的舵机控制器系统超调量和静态误差都很小,系统具有很好的稳态和动态性能,控制精度高,响应速度快,满足竞赛对舞蹈机器人的需求。

一种无驾型无人驾驶拖拉机系统开发及测试

基于东方红某型动力换挡拖拉机平台,完成了改制上覆盖件、转向/制动液压系统、电器系统,开发匹配遥控系统,改装无人驾驶系统以及无驾驶室的系统设计与试制工作。整个无人驾驶拖拉机系统通过了静态功能测试以及场地测试,其造型、工业设计的深度创新,满足了大型无人化、智能化农场的深耕、深松、联合整地等复式作业需求,填补一拖在重型无驾驶室无人驾驶拖拉机方面的空白。

网约车平台用工的法律逻辑——基于英美等国法院对Uber司机案裁判的研究

网约车司机与平台之间究竟属于哪种类型的劳动用工关系,这在学界和法律实务部门都是至今尚未能形成定论与共识的话题。域外相关国家及其地方政府和司法机关的认识也存有差异,但基本判断似乎越来越接近。即网约车司机属于具有稳定使用关系的“工人”,而不是具有稳定雇佣关系的“雇员”。这种既具备稳定使用关系,又具有相对劳动自由度的新型劳动者,在法律上并没有摆脱用工方对其进行的控制与监督管理,也没有摆脱经济上的从属性,因而应该被纳入劳动法的调整与保护范围。现有工厂制时代形成的劳动法体制,应根据网络用工的特点和要求做相应的调整,以能够覆盖和保护网络从业劳动者的合法权益。