Hydrocarbon accumulation principles in troughs within faulted depressions and their significance in exploration

Previously,troughs in continental faulted depressions were usually considered as a zone of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion rather than a zone for hydrocarbon accumulation.If they were confirmed to be the source kitchen,the possibility that they could constitute potential plays would be overlooked in the subsequent exploration program.Based on the hydrocarbon exploration practice of the Jizhong Depression and the Erlian Basin in the past several years,this paper discusses a new understanding that reservoir distribution is controlled by multiple factors and lithological accumulations are more likely to form in trough areas.It further documents the three main factors controlling the formation of large lithological hydrocarbon accumulations in trough areas.The paper also discusses the new concept that structural and lithological accumulations not only co-exist but also complement each other.We propose that fan-delta fronts on inverted steep slopes in troughs,delta fronts and sublacustrine fans on gentle slopes,channel sands along toes of fault scarps are favorable locations for discovery of new oil accumulations.The application of this concept has led to the discovery of several hundreds of million tonnes of oil in place in trough areas in the Jizhong Depression and the Erlian Basin.

Regional unconformities and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin, sW China

Based on outcrop,seismic and drilling data,the main regional unconformities in the Sichuan Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were systematically studied.Three findings are obtained.First,six regional stratigraphic unconformities are mainly developed in the Sichuan Basin,from the bottom up which are between pre-Sinian and Sinian,between Sinian and Cambrian,between pre-Permian and Permian,between middle and upper Permian,between middle and upper Triassic,and between Triassic and Jurassic.Especially,16 of 21l conventional(and tight)gas fields discovered are believed to have formed in relation to regional unconformities.Second,regional unconformity mainly controls hydrocarbon accumulation from five aspects:(1)The porosity and permeability of reservoirs under the unconformity are improved through weathering crust karstification to form large-scale karst reservoirs;(2)Good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage can form near the unconformity,which provides a basis for forming large gas field;(3)Regional unconformity may lead to stratigraphic pinch-out and rugged ancient landform,giving rise to a large area of stratigraphic and lithologic trap groups;(4)Regional unconformity provides a dominant channel for lateral migration of oil and gas;and(5)Regional unconformity is conducive to large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.Third,the areas related to regional unconformities are the exploration focus of large gas fields in the Sichuan Basin.The pre-Sinian is found with source rocks,reservoir rocks and other favorable conditions for the formation of large gas fields,and presents a large exploration potential.Thus,it is expected to be an important strategic replacement.

Differences in hydrocarbon accumulation and controlling factors of slope belt in graben basin: A case study of Pinghu Slope Belt in the Xihu sag of the east China Sea Shelf basin(ECSSB)

The Pinghu slope belt in the Xihu sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin(ECSSB) is a crucial hydrocarbon production area in eastern China. However, due to the complex geological conditions, publications have lacked comprehensive research on the spatial-temporal coupling relationships of primary factors that impact hydrocarbon accumulation in the Pinghu slope belt. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon distribution patterns and the controlling factors across different study areas within the same slope belt are not yet fully understood. This study extensively utilized three-dimensional seismic data, well logging data,geochemical analysis, fluorescence analysis, and oil testing and production data to address these issues.Following a “stratification and differentiation” approach, the study identified seven distinct hydrocarbon migration and accumulation units(HMAU) in the Pinghu slope area based on the structural morphology characteristics, hydrocarbon source-reservoir-cap rock patterns, hydrocarbon migration pathways, and hydrocarbon supply range. Detailed analysis was conducted to examine the hydrocarbon distribution patterns and controlling factors within each migration and accumulation unit across different structural units, including high, medium, and low structural components. All data sources support a “southern-northern sub-area division, eastern-western sub-belt division, and variations in hydrocarbon accumulation” pattern in the Pinghu slope belt. The degree of hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the factors of structural morphology, hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks, the spatial position of source slopes, fault sealing capacity, and sand body distribution. Furthermore, different coupling patterns of faults and sand bodies play a pivotal role in governing hydrocarbon enrichment systems across various migration and accumulation units. These observations indicate that three hydrocarbon accumulation patterns have been established within the slope belt, including near-source to far-source gentle slope with multiple hydrocarbon kitchens in the XP1-XP4 zones, near-source to middle-source gentle slope with dual-hydrocarbon kitchens in the XP5 zone, and near-source steep slope with a single hydrocarbon kitchen in the XP6-XP7 zones. These findings contribute to enhancing the theoretical system of hydrocarbon accumulation in the slope belt.

Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

Control of facies/potential on hydrocarbon accumulation:a geological model for lacustrine rift basins

The formation and distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations are jointly controlled by ＂stratigraphic facies＂ and ＂fluid potential＂, which can be abbreviated in ＂control of facies/potential on hydrocarbon accumulation＂. Facies and potential control the time-space distribution of hydrocarbon accumulation macroscopically and the petroliferous characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation microscopically. Tectonic facies and sedimentary facies control the time-space distribution. Lithofacies and petrophysical facies control the petroliferous characteristics. Favorable facies and high porosity and permeability control hydrocarbon accumulation in the lacustrine rift basins in China. Fluid potential is represented by the work required, which comprises the work against gravity, pressure, interfacial energy and kinetic energy. Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation are controlled by the joint action of multiple driving forces, and are characterized by accumulation in the area of low potential. At the structural high, low geopotential energy caused by buoyancy control anticlinal reservoir. The formation oflithological oil pool is controlled by low interfacial energy caused by capillary force. Low compressive energy caused by overpressure and faulting activity control the formation of the faulted- block reservoir. Low geopotential energy of the basin margin caused by buoyancy control stratigraphic reservoir. The statistics of a large number of oil reservoirs show that favorable facies and low potential control hydrocarbon accumulation in the rift basin, where over 85% of the discovered hydrocarbon accumulations are distributed in the trap with favorable facies and low potentials. The case study showed that the prediction of favorable areas by application of the near source-favorable facies-low potential accumulation model correlated well with over 90% of the discovered oil pools＇ distribution of the middle section of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin.

Reservoir controlling differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in slope area outside of source: A case study of the south-central Wenan slope of Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen’an slope of the Jizhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example.Based on 3D seismic data and the distribution of oil and water,the controlling differences between consequent fault and antithetic fault were analyzed and compared from the formation and evolution rule of faults and the formation mechanism of fault traps,including development positions of the consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps,oil and gas distribution horizon adjusted by fault and formation period of fault traps.The differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in controlling reservoirs have three main aspects:(1)Consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps are in different positions,the consequent fault traps are at the segmented growing point in the hanging wall of"hard-linkage"faults,while the antithetic fault traps are developed in the position with the largest throw in the footwall because of tilting action;(2)The two kinds of faults result in different oil and gas distribution vertically,oil and gas adjusted by consequent faults is distributed in a single layer or multi-layers,while oil and gas adjusted by antithetic faults occur in single layers;(3)The two kinds of fault traps are formed in different periods,the consequent fault traps are formed at the time when the related faults enter the stage of"hard-linkage",while the antithetic fault traps are formed at the beginning of the fault active period.

Main Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Chang 9 Reservoir in Northwest Ordos Basin, China

In northwestern Ordos Basin, the Triassic reservoir Chang 9 has favorable reservoir forming conditions, extensive reservoir development, and huge potential for oil exploration and exploitation. Studying the main controlling factors and accumulation model of Chang 9 reservoir in this area can provide a basis for the production targets, and assist in formulating reasonable development technology policy. In this paper, to explore and summarize the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the Chang 9 reservoir were analyzed from the aspects of oil source, fracture, oil migration, structure, lithology and reservoir physical properties for the main controlling factors in this area. Organic geochemical and geological comprehensive analysis that the oil-source of the Chang 9 reservoir in the northwest of Ordos Basin is derived from Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks. The fractures provide a sound channel for the "vertical multi-point filling" of the oil source from Chang 7 to Chang 9. The crude oil migrates vertically from Chang 7 to Chang 9, then expands horizontally to form a reservoir. Structures play an important role in controlling the distribution of reservoirs, the control by sand in small layer and physical property is also obvious. This paper creatively establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Chang 9 in northwest of Ordos Basin, which is characterized by Vertical multi-point filling, horizontal expansion becomes oil pool. It reveals the genetic mechanism of the development of Chang 9 multi-reservoir in the study area, which provides guidance for exploration and evaluation deployment.

Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation, Koulele Area, Termit Basin, Niger

Based on the sedimentary and tectonic background of the Termit Basin, this paper focuses on the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation and uses organic geochemistry, logging, oil testing and seismic data to analyze the primary control factors of the hydrocarbon accumulation and establish corresponding model in order to predict favorable exploration target zones of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study demonstrates that the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation is a self-generation and self-accumulation type reservoir. The Yogou Formation hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Koulele area are controlled by four factors：（1） the source rock is controlled by a wide range of YS1-YS2 marine shale,（2） the sandstone reservoir is controlled by the YS3 underwater distributary channel and storm dunes,（3） migration of hydrocarbons is controlled by faults and the regional monocline structure, and（4） the accumulation of hydrocarbons is controlled by lateral seal. The structures in the western Koulele area are primarily reverse fault-blocks with large throws, and the structures in the east are dominantly fault-blocks with small throws（co-rotating and reverse） and a fault-nose. In the western Koulele area, where the facies are dominated by storm dunes on a larger scale, it is easier to form lithologic reservoirs of sandstone lens. In the eastern Koulele area, high-quality channel sandstone reservoirs, fault-blocks with small throws, and the monocline structure benefit for the formation of updip pinch out lithologic traps, fault lithologic reservoirs and fault-nose structural reservoirs. Future exploration targets should be focused in the western storm dunes zone and eastern distributary channel sand zone with small fault-blocks.

亚诺斯盆地中部L区块Carbonera组油气成藏主控因素

L区块位于哥伦比亚亚诺斯盆地的前隆构造带以东的斜坡带上,其地层较平缓,圈闭规模小,油气分布不均,预测难度大。以亚诺斯盆地L区块勘探开发最新资料为基础,结合前人的研究成果,采用油气地质综合分析方法,探讨油气成藏主控因素,旨在指导下一步油气经济高效滚动勘探开发工作。研究结果表明,L区块Carbonera组的油气成藏主要受烃源岩、断层、盖层、储盖组合及圈闭的控制,且在油气成藏过程中,生烃中心控制着油气的富集及生物降解程度,断层控制着油气的分布,盖层的垂向封闭影响着油柱高度,多套储盖组合控制着油气藏的类型,圈闭的形态和大小则控制着油气藏的规模。

Tectonic development of subtle faults and exploration in mature areas in Bohai Sea,East China

Based on the theory of structural analysis,the characteristics and structural patterns of subtle faults are studied using 3D seismic data of the Bohai Sea to analyze the development process and origin of the subtle faults.A method of identifying subtle faults is proposed,forming a complete system for analyzing origins of subtle faults in the Bohai Sea.The complex strike-slip fault patterns under the strike-slip and extension stress background,diverse formation rocks,and strong neotectonic movement are the reasons for the development of subtle faults.According to the tectonic origin and development location,the subtle faults in Bohai Sea can be divided into 12 types in the three categories of strike slip dominant,extension dominant and strike slip and extension composite,and the different types of subtle faults occur in different regions of the Bohai Sea.Unreasonable variation of sedimentary stratum thickness,inherited distortion or even abrupt change of stratum occurrence,zonation of plane fault combination and the variation of oil-water system in the same structure with no-lithologic change are the important signs for identifying subtle faults in Bohai Sea.The subtle faults greatly enlarge the size of the structural trap groups,and areas with dense subtle faults are often active area of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and favorable exploration zones,which have strong control on the hydrocarbon accumulation.The identification method for subtle faults has guided the exploration in the mature areas of Bohai Sea effectively,with a number of large and medium oil and gas fields discovered,such as Bozhong 29-6 and Penglai 20-2.

塔里木盆地超深层走滑断控油气藏研究进展与趋势

在塔里木盆地开辟了超深层走滑断控油气藏勘探开发领域,但断控油气藏极为复杂,难以效益开发,亟需加强油气藏基础地质研究。走滑断控油气藏具有非均质性强、储集层与流体分布复杂、油气产量变化大及采收率低的共性,不同地区走滑断控油气藏的断裂、储集层、成藏与流体存在较大的差异,面临一系列勘探开发难题。建立了差异成因的走滑断裂破碎带及其控储模型,揭示了沿走滑断裂带“相-断-溶”三元复合控储、连片差异规模发育的成储机制;构建了“源-断-储-盖”四元耦合成藏、“小藏大田”的走滑断控油藏模型,揭示了超深层走滑断控油藏的形成与保存机理。突破了克拉通盆地弱走滑断裂难以形成走滑断控大规模储集层与大油气田的理论认识局限,明确了克拉通盆地走滑断裂系统大规模发育的成因机制、走滑断裂破碎带差异成储成藏机理与油气富集规律。

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡罗探1井奥陶系断控岩溶新类型油气藏勘探突破及意义

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡罗探1井在奥陶系碳酸盐岩获得勘探新突破,是麦盖提斜坡奥陶系断控岩溶新类型油气藏的首次勘探突破,标志着斜坡区发现一个重要的战略接替领域。结合区域钻井、测井、地震等资料,开展罗探1等井分析化验资料的综合分析,对麦盖提斜坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩的成藏条件进行再认识。麦盖提斜坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩断控岩溶储层的形成主要与走滑断裂活动相关,是麦盖提斜坡三类主要成储模式之一;麦盖提斜坡目前已发现油气均来自寒武系玉尔吐斯组烃源岩,基底古构造控制了下寒武统的沉积和烃源岩的分布;斜坡区存在加里东期、海西期—印支期和喜马拉雅期3期油气充注成藏过程,烃源岩、古构造演化及通源断裂控制油气复式聚集成藏,断裂活动期次、断穿层系决定了油气富集层系与油气藏性质。麦盖提斜坡奥陶系走滑断裂十分发育,延伸距离累计可达1000km以上,控制了断控岩溶储层和油气藏的分布,平面上具有明显的分区特征,资源规模大、可部署性强,展示出巨大的勘探潜力,是塔西南地区规模油气勘探发现和战略接替的重要现实领域。

澳大利亚Bonaparte盆地WA-406-P区块油气成藏条件及控制因素

Bonaparte盆地属于陆内裂谷与被动大陆边缘相叠加的叠合型盆地,WA-406-P区块就位于盆地早-中侏罗世发育的大型Plover三角洲沉积体系之上,该区块油气成藏条件及控制因素的研究是确定下步有利勘探目标的前提与基础。本文结合油气地质、分析化验、三维地震、测井曲线等资料进行综合分析,研究表明:WA-406-P区块发育两种烃源岩类型,西北部以Ⅱ1型为主,东南部以Ⅱ2型为主,成岩作用控制着储层的储集性能,整体上属于低孔高渗透型储层;中-下侏罗统的Plover组和Elang组及上侏罗统-下白垩统的Flamingo组三套三角洲砂体与大套的海相泥岩配置形成两套有利储盖组合,由于圈闭形成期早于大规模油气运聚期,因此,油气经历两期充注后,具备良好的成藏匹配关系。烃源岩分布特征控制着油气藏的流体类型,构造形态及断层展布控制着油气藏的类型,储层物性控制着油气地质储量的丰度,断层活化作用控制着油气藏能否完整保存。油气成藏控制作用的明确指明了有利勘探区域:北部垒堑间互带为Ⅰ类勘探区,西南斜坡带为Ⅱ类勘探区,东南洼槽区为Ⅲ类勘探区。

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组常规—致密油藏主控因素及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组油气资源丰富,是效益勘探及建产的重要领域。应用测录井、生产测试及岩心分析化验资料,研究中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组储层特征,明确储层差异性的主控因素,建立中拐凸起东斜坡常规—致密油藏序次分布的成藏模式。结果表明:自北部向南部,研究区逐步由常规油藏转化为致密油藏,沉积作用是造成储层差异性的物质基础,控制储层岩性及原始物性,压实作用和浊沸石胶结作用加剧储层常规—致密差异演化;研究区成岩相带划分为泥质充填带、贫泥—弱胶结带、浊沸石胶结带和强压实—弱溶蚀带4种相带,其中贫泥—弱胶结带为有利储层发育带。该结果为研究区致密油藏勘探提供指导。

玛湖凹陷及周缘白碱滩组勘探突破与新认识

为明确玛湖凹陷白碱滩组砂体分布规律和油气成藏模式,评价其油气勘探前景,综合钻井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料,系统梳理白碱滩组二段沉积规律和成藏特征。白碱滩组二段为辫状河三角洲—滩坝—浊积扇沉积序列,发育水下分流河道砂、滩坝砂和浊积砂3种不同类型的砂体,辫状河三角洲前缘亚相以河道砂为主,滨—浅湖发育滩坝砂,半深湖—深湖受坡折带控制发育多个浊积扇体,浊积砂呈朵叶状分布,建立了水下分流河道—滩坝—浊积扇的沉积控砂模式。研究区发育9大走滑断裂体系,其中,走滑断裂直通型、走滑断裂伴生型和走滑断裂接力型3种断裂组合能够有效沟通二叠系风城组烃源岩,作为油气垂向高效运移通道,白碱滩组二段整体具有走滑断裂通源、断裂砂体配置控藏和优质储集层富集的成藏模式。

中国含油气盆地不同构造样式及其油气地质意义

多类型构造样式的控油气作用是油气勘探面临的重要科学问题。基于前人研究认识成果、勘探经验的总结,对中国含油气盆地内不同构造样式的演化及成因模式进行了系统梳理,解析了不同构造样式对油气成藏的控制作用。研究认为:①中国含油气盆地主要发育伸展构造、收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造4种构造样式。伸展构造主要控制盆地建造过程,收缩构造、走滑构造主要控制盆地改造过程。②不同构造类型的控油气作用差异明显,伸展构造主要控制盆地烃源岩、有利储集体和盖层等油气聚集成藏要素的发育,收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造主要控制油气运移与圈闭条件的演化。③在构造与其他要素复合作用下,断裂自身也可以作为一类储集体,成为油气聚集的空间,这一类断裂油气藏是当前油气勘探的新领域。

远源致密砂岩气成藏主控因素及成藏概率定量评价——以四川盆地西南部中侏罗统沙溪庙组气藏为例

四川盆地西南部(以下简称川西南部地区)中侏罗统沙溪庙组致密砂岩气藏属于远源次生气藏,不同构造天然气富集差异性大,成藏主控因素不清。为此,基于远源致密砂岩气成藏条件分析,对比了川西南部地区沙溪庙组7个含气构造的成藏差异性,明确了成藏主控因素,在综合考虑控制致密砂岩气成藏差异性的各类地质因素的基础上,建立了远源致密砂岩气成藏概率的定量评价方法,并预测了天府气田简阳区块沙溪庙组天然气储量丰度。研究结果表明:(1)川西南部地区沙溪庙组主要发育构造—岩性气藏,天然气均源自下伏上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩,不同含气构造在天然气组分、储层特征、输导保存条件等方面存在明显差异;(2)烃源岩排烃能力奠定了物质基础,断—盖配置决定了天然气富集层系,断—储耦合控制着天然气聚集效率,储层品质决定了天然气富集规模;(3)烃源岩排烃能力指数、源—储距离指数、储层物性指数、储层厚度指数、断—盖耦合类型指数及断—储配置类型指数可作为评价致密砂岩气成藏概率指标,提出的远源致密砂岩气成藏概率指数(HAI)可用于该地区远源致密砂岩气地质储量预测。结论认为,HAI与储量丰度具有很好的正相关关系,并预测了天府气田简阳区块的HAI值为0.53,沙溪庙组气藏的储量丰度为1.32×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2),提出的天然气成藏定量评价方法准确度较高,为川西南部地区沙溪庙组天然气勘探开发指明了方向。

特提斯洋与古亚洲洋协同演化控制下的塔里木台盆区油气富集效应

显生宙特提斯洋和古亚洲洋2大构造域演化历史对塔里木盆地产生了巨大的影响,其效应包括原型盆地的形成与沉积充填过程及油气成藏与调整改造等。原特提斯洋和古亚洲洋分别经历了扩张、俯冲-消减和关闭-碰撞造山过程。特提斯域经历了原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯3个阶段,具有此消彼长的关系。古亚洲洋在新元古代—古生代多陆-岛-洋的格架下经历了复杂的伸展—聚敛过程。受特提斯洋(昆仑-阿尔金分支洋)和古亚洲洋(南天山洋分支)协同演化控制,塔里木盆地经历了新元古代—早古生代和晚古生代—新生代2个从伸展—聚敛的巨型盆地旋回,与海平面升降和气候旋回匹配,形成了优质烃源岩、多类型规模性储层和盖层,构成了油气形成的优越物质基础。特提斯洋和古亚洲洋多圈层协同演化控制的油气富集效应体现在:①多类型盆地原型与后期构造改造决定了塔里木台盆区不同部位油气成藏与富集的差异性;②北部坳陷广泛分布的优质烃源岩,是塔北—顺托—塔中地区大型油气富集区形成的基础;③多期构造运动伴随的构造破裂与古岩溶作用造就了断控缝洞型和岩溶缝洞型2类各具特点且规模发育的储集体;④区内构造与地温场差异演化决定了油气聚集区内油气相态与次生改造的规律性变化。台盆区大型古隆起和不整合面、走滑断裂带、高能相带及其叠加区是油气有利目标区。

塔里木盆地塔北地区多期断裂差异匹配控制下超深岩溶缝洞储层成藏特征

超深断控岩溶缝洞型油藏是塔北地区重要油藏类型,探讨多期构造活动与深层油气成藏匹配关系对区域油气勘探具有重要意义。基于哈拉哈塘油田、金跃油田和富满油田连片地震资料,以野外地质露头断裂特征为指导,采用多种地震精细解释手段,分期、分级、分段刻画研究区断裂。基于研究区中寒武统玉尔吐斯烃源岩认识,结合加里东期、海西期和喜马拉雅期3期成藏的特点,将研究区走滑为主的控藏断裂划分为加里东早期、加里东中晚期、海西晚期和喜马拉雅期。进一步分析多期断裂继承性关系、通源特点和调整作用等,结合多种类型岩溶缝洞型储层的开发现状,探讨了研究区走滑断裂控制下的岩溶缝洞型储层成藏差异性。结果表明:(1)研究区油气藏关键因素是油源断裂通源性与后期断裂的调整作用,将加里东早期正断裂系统定义为源内断裂,加里东晚期形成的走滑断裂系统定义为源外断裂,源内断裂利于寒武系烃源岩排烃,源外断裂进一步沟通烃源岩实现油气运移成藏,基于这种认识建立4种通源模式;(2)结合研究区存在加里东晚期、海西期和喜马拉雅期3个主力生烃期的认识,海西晚期部分北西向走滑断裂继承性发育至二叠系,对加里东期油藏有一定的破坏和调整作用,喜马拉雅期部分北东向走滑断裂系统继承性发育至新近系,对早期油气藏起破坏和调整作用,建立了3种调整样式;(3)根据断裂匹配关系,建立6种走滑断裂控藏等级,并将研究区加里东中晚期走滑断裂带逐一划分,叠合开采现状图显示差异控藏断裂与油气生产情况匹配度较高;(4)选择发育断裂与岩溶共同控储的研究区,建立多期断裂系统与多种类型岩溶缝洞油气藏的匹配关系,并将认识成功应用于研究区井位勘探中,取得较好效果,为受控于走滑断层的岩溶缝洞油气藏勘探开发提供一定指导意义。

渤东凹陷新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂时空差异演化模式及控藏效应

以三维地震精细解释为基础,通过构造剖面恢复,系统分析了渤东凹陷新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂的时空差异演化特征及控藏作用。研究结果表明:(1)渤东凹陷新生代广泛发育以NNE向为主干、NE向为派生、NW向为叠加的伸展-走滑叠合断裂体系,可划分为强伸展-弱走滑断裂和强走滑-弱伸展断裂2类;整体具有深浅分层、南北分段的特征,纵向上,古近系主要发育强伸展-弱走滑断裂,断裂大而稀,新近系—第四系主要发育强走滑-弱伸展断裂,断裂小而密;平面上,同一断裂在不同段的构造组合样式存在差异。(2)研究区新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂的演化主要表现为北部断裂活动强度“早强晚弱”,中部断裂继承性持续发育,南部断裂活动强度“早弱晚强”;演化模式分为初始断陷(孔店组—沙四段沉积期)、强烈断陷(沙三段—东营组沉积期)和走滑坳陷(馆陶组—平原组沉积期)3个阶段,初始断陷阶段,NNE—NE向强伸展与弱走滑叠合,NE向强伸展-弱走滑断裂为主控,NW向先存断裂活化,分割凹陷;强烈断陷阶段,NNE—NE向强伸展与弱走滑叠合,NNE向强伸展-弱走滑断裂变为主控,NW向断裂活动减弱或停止;走滑坳陷阶段,NNE向强走滑与弱伸展叠合,断裂不控制沉积,但对地层展布具有调整作用。(3)研究区伸展-走滑叠合断裂的发育演化与油气成藏密切相关,整体具有“早期伸展控源、晚期走滑控运、多期叠加控圈”的特征,东部斜坡带是油气运聚的有利区。