The evolutionarily unique and ecologically diverse family Conidae presents fundamental opportunities for marine pharmacology research and drug discovery.The focus of this investigation is to summarize the worldwide di...The evolutionarily unique and ecologically diverse family Conidae presents fundamental opportunities for marine pharmacology research and drug discovery.The focus of this investigation is to summarize the worldwide distribution of Conus and their species diversity with special reference to the Indian coast.In addition,this study will contribute to understanding the structural properties of conotoxin and therapeutic application of Conus venom peptides.Cone snails can inject a mix of various conotoxins and these venoms are their major weapon for prey capture,and may also have other biological purposes,and some of these conotoxins fatal to humans.Conns venoms contain a remarkable diversity of pharmacologically active small peptides;their targets are an iron channel and receptors in the neuromuscular system.Interspecific divergence is pronounced in venom peptide genes,which is generally attributed to their species specific biotic interactions.There is a notable interspecific divergence observed in venom peptide genes,which can be justified as of biotic interactions that stipulate species peculiar habitat and ecology of cone snails.There are several conopeptides used in clinical trials and one peptide(Ziconotide) has received FDA approval for treatment of pain.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution of cone shells and focus on the molecular approach in documenting their taxonomy and diversity with special reference to geographic distribution of Indian cone snails,structure and properties of conopeptide and their pharmacological targets and future directions.展开更多
Objective:To determine the new M-superfamily conotoxins from molluscivorous snail Conus bandanus in Vietnam.Methods:Conus bandanus venom was fractionated and purified on HPLC system with an analytical reversed-phase C...Objective:To determine the new M-superfamily conotoxins from molluscivorous snail Conus bandanus in Vietnam.Methods:Conus bandanus venom was fractionated and purified on HPLC system with an analytical reversed-phase C18 column in order to screen small conotoxins.The primary structure of peptide was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation and confirmed by Edman’s degradation method.Results:Five new conotoxins were biochemically characterized from the crude venom of the mollusk-hunting cone snail Conus bandanus,which were collected at Ke Ga reef of the Nha Trang Bay(Vietnam).Each conotoxin had 15 or 16 amino acid residues and shared the same characteristic cysteine framework V as–CC–C–C–CC–.They were termed as Bn3 b,Bn3 c,Bn3 d,Bn3 e and Bn3 f following the conotoxins nomenclature.Conclusions:The conotoxins Bn3 b,Bn3 e,and Bn3 f are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M1 branch,while conotoxins Bn3 c and Bn3 d are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M2 branch.The homological analysis reveals that these conotoxins could serve as promising probe compounds for voltage-gated sodium channels.展开更多
Conus loroisii is a marine vermivorous snail found profusely in the southern seas of India.They harbor several toxic peptide components commonly called as‘conotoxins’.In this study,we have identified and sequenced f...Conus loroisii is a marine vermivorous snail found profusely in the southern seas of India.They harbor several toxic peptide components commonly called as‘conotoxins’.In this study,we have identified and sequenced five conotoxins using proteome based tandem mass spectrometry analysis through Data analysis 4.1 software.Among them,we found Lo959 as contryphan which is previously described.All other conotoxins Lo1702,Lo1410,Lo1385 and Lo1686 belong to M-Superfamily conotoxins and novel to C.loroisii.Lo1410 is completely novel to conotoxin research with 3 disulfides and the amino acid sequence is derived as CCSTNCAVCIPCCP.All the identified M-Superfamily conotoxins are sub categorised to mini M2 superfamily conotoxins.Lo1702 and Lo1686 possess C-terminal amidation which is the key feature in conotoxins.Moreover,we have screened the natural venom for the occurrence of toxicity in the zebrafish model and brine shrimp.展开更多
In most adults, the conus medullaris ends at around the inferior margin of the first lumbar （L1） vertebral body.However, location of terminus of the conus medullaris is variable and even extends more distally in pat...In most adults, the conus medullaris ends at around the inferior margin of the first lumbar （L1） vertebral body.However, location of terminus of the conus medullaris is variable and even extends more distally in patients with diseases such as tethered cord syndrome （TCS）. Here, we reported a conus medullaris injury following combined spinal and epidural anesthesia （CSEA） in a pregnant woman with unknown TCS.展开更多
In the Big Data era,Earth observation is becoming a complex process integrating physical and social sectors.This study presents an approach to generating a 100 m population grid in the Contiguous United States(CONUS)b...In the Big Data era,Earth observation is becoming a complex process integrating physical and social sectors.This study presents an approach to generating a 100 m population grid in the Contiguous United States(CONUS)by disaggregating the US cen-sus records using 125 million of building footprints released by Microsoft in 2018.Land-use data from the OpenStreetMap(OSM),a crowdsourcing platform,was applied to trim original footprints by removing the non-residential buildings.After trimming,several metrics of building measurements such as building size and build-ing count in a census tract were used as weighting scenarios,with which a dasymetric model was applied to disaggregate the American Community Survey(ACS)5-year estimates(2013-2017)into a 100 m population grid product.The results confirm that the OSM trimming process removes non-residential buildings and thus provides a better representation of population distribution within complicated urban fabrics.The building size in the census tract is found in the optimal weighting scenario.The product is 2.5Gb in size containing 800 million populated grids and is currently hosted by ESRI(http://arcg.is/19S4qK)for visualization.The data can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DLGP7Y.With the accel-erated acquisition of high-resolution spatial data,the product could be easily updated for spatial and temporal continuity.展开更多
Conotoxins are short peptide-toxins with specific targets and large diversity. They are usetul in analgesia, neuroprotection, detection of some kinds of deseases, and receptor and ion channel study. in order to explor...Conotoxins are short peptide-toxins with specific targets and large diversity. They are usetul in analgesia, neuroprotection, detection of some kinds of deseases, and receptor and ion channel study. in order to explore the conotoxin resourses of Chinese oceans, rapid amplification of 3’ cDNA ends (RACE) method was utilized to systemically analyze the O-superfamily conotoxin content of Conus striatus inhabited near Chinese Hainan Island. Six new O-superfamily conopeptides were identified, one of which is highly homologous to MVIlA, an N-type calcium channel antagonist.展开更多
Spinal intradural mature teratomas are rarely encountered in adults.In this report,one of the oldest patients ever reported to harbor an intradural mature teratoma of the conus medullaris is presented,and the relevant...Spinal intradural mature teratomas are rarely encountered in adults.In this report,one of the oldest patients ever reported to harbor an intradural mature teratoma of the conus medullaris is presented,and the relevant literature concerning the teratoma’s origin,clinical presentation,radiological features,and treatment modalities is reviewed.A previously healthy 70-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of left sciatica.Her neurological examination was normal and the magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed an intradural,partially cystic mass extending from T12 to L3 level.The patient underwent a T11-L4 laminectomy.After opening the dura,a yellowish vascular tumor attached to the conus medullaris came into view.Meticulous dissection allowed for subtotal tumor removal.Only a thin part of the tumor wall,tightly attached to the conus medullaris,was left.The tumor was diagnosed as mature teratoma by histological study,and no adjunctive therapy was administered.The pain experienced by the patient disappeared postoperatively.Her condition remained unchanged with no radiological recurrence through the most recent follow-up examination,3 years after surgery.The present study outlines that mature teratoma can arise from the conus medullaris,even in older adult patients.Functional preservation is of utmost importance,and long-term follow-up is mandatory to spot recurrences early.展开更多
文摘The evolutionarily unique and ecologically diverse family Conidae presents fundamental opportunities for marine pharmacology research and drug discovery.The focus of this investigation is to summarize the worldwide distribution of Conus and their species diversity with special reference to the Indian coast.In addition,this study will contribute to understanding the structural properties of conotoxin and therapeutic application of Conus venom peptides.Cone snails can inject a mix of various conotoxins and these venoms are their major weapon for prey capture,and may also have other biological purposes,and some of these conotoxins fatal to humans.Conns venoms contain a remarkable diversity of pharmacologically active small peptides;their targets are an iron channel and receptors in the neuromuscular system.Interspecific divergence is pronounced in venom peptide genes,which is generally attributed to their species specific biotic interactions.There is a notable interspecific divergence observed in venom peptide genes,which can be justified as of biotic interactions that stipulate species peculiar habitat and ecology of cone snails.There are several conopeptides used in clinical trials and one peptide(Ziconotide) has received FDA approval for treatment of pain.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution of cone shells and focus on the molecular approach in documenting their taxonomy and diversity with special reference to geographic distribution of Indian cone snails,structure and properties of conopeptide and their pharmacological targets and future directions.
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under grant number 106-NN.02-2015.14
文摘Objective:To determine the new M-superfamily conotoxins from molluscivorous snail Conus bandanus in Vietnam.Methods:Conus bandanus venom was fractionated and purified on HPLC system with an analytical reversed-phase C18 column in order to screen small conotoxins.The primary structure of peptide was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation and confirmed by Edman’s degradation method.Results:Five new conotoxins were biochemically characterized from the crude venom of the mollusk-hunting cone snail Conus bandanus,which were collected at Ke Ga reef of the Nha Trang Bay(Vietnam).Each conotoxin had 15 or 16 amino acid residues and shared the same characteristic cysteine framework V as–CC–C–C–CC–.They were termed as Bn3 b,Bn3 c,Bn3 d,Bn3 e and Bn3 f following the conotoxins nomenclature.Conclusions:The conotoxins Bn3 b,Bn3 e,and Bn3 f are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M1 branch,while conotoxins Bn3 c and Bn3 d are categorized in the mini-M conotoxins of the M2 branch.The homological analysis reveals that these conotoxins could serve as promising probe compounds for voltage-gated sodium channels.
文摘Conus loroisii is a marine vermivorous snail found profusely in the southern seas of India.They harbor several toxic peptide components commonly called as‘conotoxins’.In this study,we have identified and sequenced five conotoxins using proteome based tandem mass spectrometry analysis through Data analysis 4.1 software.Among them,we found Lo959 as contryphan which is previously described.All other conotoxins Lo1702,Lo1410,Lo1385 and Lo1686 belong to M-Superfamily conotoxins and novel to C.loroisii.Lo1410 is completely novel to conotoxin research with 3 disulfides and the amino acid sequence is derived as CCSTNCAVCIPCCP.All the identified M-Superfamily conotoxins are sub categorised to mini M2 superfamily conotoxins.Lo1702 and Lo1686 possess C-terminal amidation which is the key feature in conotoxins.Moreover,we have screened the natural venom for the occurrence of toxicity in the zebrafish model and brine shrimp.
文摘In most adults, the conus medullaris ends at around the inferior margin of the first lumbar （L1） vertebral body.However, location of terminus of the conus medullaris is variable and even extends more distally in patients with diseases such as tethered cord syndrome （TCS）. Here, we reported a conus medullaris injury following combined spinal and epidural anesthesia （CSEA） in a pregnant woman with unknown TCS.
文摘In the Big Data era,Earth observation is becoming a complex process integrating physical and social sectors.This study presents an approach to generating a 100 m population grid in the Contiguous United States(CONUS)by disaggregating the US cen-sus records using 125 million of building footprints released by Microsoft in 2018.Land-use data from the OpenStreetMap(OSM),a crowdsourcing platform,was applied to trim original footprints by removing the non-residential buildings.After trimming,several metrics of building measurements such as building size and build-ing count in a census tract were used as weighting scenarios,with which a dasymetric model was applied to disaggregate the American Community Survey(ACS)5-year estimates(2013-2017)into a 100 m population grid product.The results confirm that the OSM trimming process removes non-residential buildings and thus provides a better representation of population distribution within complicated urban fabrics.The building size in the census tract is found in the optimal weighting scenario.The product is 2.5Gb in size containing 800 million populated grids and is currently hosted by ESRI(http://arcg.is/19S4qK)for visualization.The data can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DLGP7Y.With the accel-erated acquisition of high-resolution spatial data,the product could be easily updated for spatial and temporal continuity.
文摘Conotoxins are short peptide-toxins with specific targets and large diversity. They are usetul in analgesia, neuroprotection, detection of some kinds of deseases, and receptor and ion channel study. in order to explore the conotoxin resourses of Chinese oceans, rapid amplification of 3’ cDNA ends (RACE) method was utilized to systemically analyze the O-superfamily conotoxin content of Conus striatus inhabited near Chinese Hainan Island. Six new O-superfamily conopeptides were identified, one of which is highly homologous to MVIlA, an N-type calcium channel antagonist.
文摘Spinal intradural mature teratomas are rarely encountered in adults.In this report,one of the oldest patients ever reported to harbor an intradural mature teratoma of the conus medullaris is presented,and the relevant literature concerning the teratoma’s origin,clinical presentation,radiological features,and treatment modalities is reviewed.A previously healthy 70-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of left sciatica.Her neurological examination was normal and the magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed an intradural,partially cystic mass extending from T12 to L3 level.The patient underwent a T11-L4 laminectomy.After opening the dura,a yellowish vascular tumor attached to the conus medullaris came into view.Meticulous dissection allowed for subtotal tumor removal.Only a thin part of the tumor wall,tightly attached to the conus medullaris,was left.The tumor was diagnosed as mature teratoma by histological study,and no adjunctive therapy was administered.The pain experienced by the patient disappeared postoperatively.Her condition remained unchanged with no radiological recurrence through the most recent follow-up examination,3 years after surgery.The present study outlines that mature teratoma can arise from the conus medullaris,even in older adult patients.Functional preservation is of utmost importance,and long-term follow-up is mandatory to spot recurrences early.
