Energy-Efficient Traffic Offloading for RSMA-Based Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning

As the demands of massive connections and vast coverage rapidly grow in the next wireless communication networks, rate splitting multiple access(RSMA) is considered to be the new promising access scheme since it can provide higher efficiency with limited spectrum resources. In this paper, combining spectrum splitting with rate splitting, we propose to allocate resources with traffic offloading in hybrid satellite terrestrial networks. A novel deep reinforcement learning method is adopted to solve this challenging non-convex problem. However, the neverending learning process could prohibit its practical implementation. Therefore, we introduce the switch mechanism to avoid unnecessary learning. Additionally, the QoS constraint in the scheme can rule out unsuccessful transmission. The simulation results validates the energy efficiency performance and the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm.

Networking Observation and Applications of Chinese Ocean Satellites

This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development.

Analysis and Optimization on Partition-Based Caching and Delivery in Satellite-Terrestrial Edge Computing Networks

As a viable component of 6G wireless communication architecture,satellite-terrestrial networks support efficient file delivery by leveraging the innate broadcast ability of satellite and the enhanced powerful file transmission approaches of multi-tier terrestrial networks.In the paper,we introduce edge computing technology into the satellite-terrestrial network and propose a partition-based cache and delivery strategy to make full use of the integrated resources and reducing the backhaul load.Focusing on the interference effect from varied nodes in different geographical distances,we derive the file successful transmission probability of the typical user and by utilizing the tool of stochastic geometry.Considering the constraint of nodes cache space and file sets parameters,we propose a near-optimal partition-based cache and delivery strategy by optimizing the asymptotic successful transmission probability of the typical user.The complex nonlinear programming problem is settled by jointly utilizing standard particle-based swarm optimization(PSO)method and greedy based multiple knapsack choice problem(MKCP)optimization method.Numerical results show that compared with the terrestrial only cache strategy,Ground Popular Strategy,Satellite Popular Strategy,and Independent and identically distributed popularity strategy,the performance of the proposed scheme improve by 30.5%,9.3%,12.5%and 13.7%.

Intelligent Spectrum Management Based on Radio Map for Cloud-Based Satellite and Terrestrial Spectrum Shared Networks

Cloud-based satellite and terrestrial spectrum shared networks(CB-STSSN)combines the triple advantages of efficient and flexible net-work management of heterogeneous cloud access(H-CRAN),vast coverage of satellite networks,and good communication quality of terrestrial networks.Thanks to the complementary coverage characteristics,any-time and anywhere high-speed communications can be achieved to meet the various needs of users.The scarcity of spectrum resources is a common prob-lem in both satellite and terrestrial networks.In or-der to improve resource utilization,the spectrum is shared not only within each component but also be-tween satellite beams and terrestrial cells,which intro-duces inter-component interferences.To this end,this paper first proposes an analytical framework which considers the inter-component interferences induced by spectrum sharing(SS).An intelligent SS scheme based on radio map(RM)consisting of LSTM-based beam prediction(BP),transfer learning-based spec-trum prediction(SP)and joint non-preemptive prior-ity and preemptive priority(J-NPAP)-based propor-tional fair spectrum allocation is than proposed.The simulation result shows that the spectrum utilization rate of CB-STSSN is improved and user blocking rate and waiting probability are decreased by the proposed scheme.

Design and verification of a satellite-terrestrial integrated IP network model for the Global Energy Interconnection

In order to meet the pressing demand for wide-area communication required by the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI),accelerating the construction of satellite-terrestrial Integra怕d networks that can achieve network extension and seamless global coverage has become the focus of power communication tech no logy development.In this study,we propose a satellite-terrestrial integrated network model that can support interconnection and interoperation on the IP layer between the satellite system and the怕rrestrial segment of the existing power communication system.First,the composition and function of the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network are explained.Then,the IP-based protocol stack is described,and a typical applicati on experime nt is con ducted to illustrate the particular process of this protocol stack.Fin ally,a use case of IP interconn ection that depends on GEO satellite communication is detailed.The experime ntal study has showed that the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network can efficiently support various IP applications for the GEI.

Double-Edge Intelligent Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks

The efficient integration of satellite and terrestrial networks has become an important component for 6 G wireless architectures to provide highly reliable and secure connectivity over a wide geographical area.As the satellite and cellular networks are developed separately these years,the integrated network should synergize the communication,storage,computation capabilities of both sides towards an intelligent system more than mere consideration of coexistence.This has motivated us to develop double-edge intelligent integrated satellite and terrestrial networks(DILIGENT).Leveraging the boost development of multi-access edge computing(MEC)technology and artificial intelligence(AI),the framework is entitled with the systematic learning and adaptive network management of satellite and cellular networks.In this article,we provide a brief review of the state-of-art contributions from the perspective of academic research and standardization.Then we present the overall design of the proposed DILIGENT architecture,where the advantages are discussed and summarized.Strategies of task offloading,content caching and distribution are presented.Numerical results show that the proposed network architecture outperforms the existing integrated networks.

Cooperative Jamming for Physical Layer Security in Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks

To integrate the satellite communications with the LTE/5G services, the concept of Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks(HSTRNs) has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a HSTRN where the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted messages from both the satellite and the intermediate relays. To effectively protect the message from wiretapping in these two phases, we consider cooperative jamming by the relays, where the jamming signals are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate under the total power constraint of relays. In the first phase, the Maximal Ratio Transmission(MRT) scheme is used to maximize the secrecy rate, while in the second phase, by interpolating between the sub-optimal MRT scheme and the null-space projection scheme, the optimal scheme can be obtained via an efficient one-dimensional searching method. Simulation results show that when the number of cooperative relays is small, the performance of the optimal scheme significantly outperforms that of MRT and null-space projection scheme. When the number of relays increases, the performance of the null-space projection approaches that of the optimal one.

Horizontal-Based Orchestration for Multi-Domain SFC in SDN/NFV-Enabled Satellite/Terrestrial Networks

It's promising to use Software-Defined Networking(SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization(NFV) to integrate satellite and terrestrial networks. To construct network service function chains in such a multi-domain environment, we propose a horizontal-based Multi-domain Service Function Chaining(Md-SFC) orchestration framework. In this framework, multi-domain orchestrators can coordinate with each other to guarantee the end-to-end service quality. Intra-domain orchestrators also coordinate SDN controllers and NFV management components to implement intra-domain service function chains. Based on this, we further propose a heuristic SFC mapping algorithm with a cooperative inter-domain path calculation method to map service function chains to infrastructures. In this method, master multi-domain orchestrator and intra-domain orchestrators coordinate to select proper inter-domain links. We compare the cooperative method with a naive uncooperative way that domains' topology information is provided to the master multi-domain orchestrator and it calculates the shortest inter-domain path between intra-domain service function chains directly. Simulation results demonstrate that our solution is feasible. It is able to construct end-to-end performance guaranteed service function chain by horizontal-based cooperation. The cooperative inter-domain path calculation method decreasesthe mapping load for the master orchestrator and gets the same end-to-end performance.

Deep Unfolding for Cooperative Rate Splitting Multiple Access in Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks

Rate splitting multiple access(RSMA)has shown great potentials for the next generation communication systems.In this work,we consider a two-user system in hybrid satellite terrestrial network(HSTN)where one of them is heavily shadowed and the other uses cooperative RSMA to improve the transmission quality.The non-convex weighted sum rate(WSR)problem formulated based on this model is usually optimized by computational burdened weighted minimum mean square error(WMMSE)algorithm.We propose to apply deep unfolding to solve the optimization problem,which maps WMMSE iterations into a layer-wise network and could achieve better performance within limited iterations.We also incorporate momentum accelerated projection gradient descent(PGD)algorithm to circumvent the complicated operations in WMMSE that are not amenable for unfolding and mapping.The momentum and step size in deep unfolding network are selected as trainable parameters for training.As shown in the simulation results,deep unfolding scheme has WSR and convergence speed advantages over original WMMSE algorithm.

手机直连卫星关键技术分析与发展展望

手机直连卫星技术的快速发展是卫星载荷技术突破、手机终端技术创新、体制标准制定并验证等多种因素叠加的结果,通过对手机直连卫星发展现状的介绍,总结了手机直连卫星的2条技术路线和3种实现方式。面对星地频率共用、星载天线、星载基站等技术瓶颈,结合实际系统和应用场景给出了重点研究内容。探讨了作为5G通信重要组成部分和6G通信基础支撑的手机直连卫星技术未来的发展方向。

面向星地融合的6G云雾化自组网

低轨星座朝支持星上处理、功能可重构、星地协作和通信遥感导航控制等多任务一体化的方向演进,受限于星上信号处理和计算能力不足、星间链路容量不宽等瓶颈,迫切需要和具有强大云化处理与计算能力的陆地移动通信网络深度融合。为此,提出了面向星地融合的6G云雾化自组网的体系架构和协议体系,实现了低轨雾化卫星网络和陆地云化通信网络的协同融合,研究了基于星上雾化处理的通信遥感导航控制一体化波形和资源管理,以及云雾化协同的移动性管理和智能信息处理等关键技术,展望了未来的标准化工作和硬件试验。

卫星通信与5G融合的网络架构设计与优化

当前,卫星通信与5G技术应用日益广泛。文章深入探讨了二者间的融合发展情况及其在通信卫星、互联网卫星和5G网络架构设计中的应用,并进一步研究了融合中关键的体系架构优化、空口波形优化、频谱共享优化和网络控制优化等技术,以为促进我国卫星通信技术和5G技术的优化发展、提高整体通信领域的水平提供参考。

星地融合多场景应用及解决方案

星地网络天然存在较强的互补性,为实现广域无缝覆盖,星地网络融合是未来网络演进的必然趋势。目前,受限于星地网络在体制、架构以及应用场景的差异性,星地网络融合程度较低。为快速推进融合网络发展,迫切需要开展星地融合场景与解决方案的挖掘探索。为此,提出了非地面网络与地面蜂窝网络协同应用场景以及潜在的增强方案,以实现星地网络资源的统一协调,提升资源利用率与用户体验,并进一步展望了未来星地融合网络发展前景。

星地融合边云协同网络下的资源调度研究

通过边缘计算和云计算的优势互补,面向6G的星地融合网络能够实现资源的弹性分配和协同利用,满足数据处理的实时性和智能化要求。为了提升资源服务能力和用户体验质量,提出了星地融合边云协同网络架构。首先,阐述了三种不同边云协同模式下的资源调度方案,从时延、能耗和多目标优化的角度分析了不同场景下的资源调度策略。然后,对比了现有资源调度求解模型和算法的优势和局限性。最后,对基于边云协同的星地融合网络中的资源调度研究进行了总结与展望。

面向6G AI内生的星地融合组网研究

通过卫星通信、人工智能、地面网络三者的有机融合,面向6G智慧内生的星地融合网络能够达到更广的网络覆盖、更智能的网络连接和更高质量的通信服务。作为提升6G组网能力的重要手段之一,面向智慧内生的星载核心网不仅能够提高数据处理效率以满足多元用户需求,还能够有效减少星地间交互产生的信令开销。首先,在总结面向5G星地融合网络特点的基础上,分析一种5G广泛使用的外挂式网元赋能方案;接着,针对6G网络智简化、架构轻量化的组网需求,对比三种星载核心网架构,描述以任务为中心的星载核心网;最后,总结面向6G智慧内生星地融合网络的组网技术、存在的挑战以及未来发展方向。

6G星地融合网络资源管理关键技术

卫星网络因具备弥补地面网络覆盖盲区的特性,成为6G网络实现泛在连接应用场景的关键技术之一。为了实现卫星网络和地面网络间高效的资源融合管理,首先简要介绍了星地融合网络的发展现状,总结了星地融合网络资源管理技术的研究现状以及面临的挑战。其次,对6G星地融合网络下的移动性管理、跨域多维资源管理和统一的空口协议设计等关键技术进行分析,并基于对现有研究的探讨给出解决方案。最后,对未来面向6G的星地融合网络资源管理的发展提出了新的展望。

卫星互联网星间激光通信的分析及建议

卫星通信和地面移动通信具有较强的互补性,卫星互联网是当前产业发展的热点,也是未来6G网络的重要组成部分。全球覆盖需要星间组网,但星间通信带宽需求与自由空间信道带来的不稳定性对空间承载网提出了新的挑战。对星间通信及其传输链路进行对比分析,提出了基于星间激光的光传送网络(OTN)承载方案,以充分发挥地面光通信的成熟产业链优势和规模经济优势,构建经济性、兼容性、扩展性强的星地一体化网络。最后展望了星间激光通信的技术演进方向,并提出了我国产业发展建议。

星地融合网络管控架构设计

星地融合网络的运行管控需要面向巨型星座和天地大尺度网络,实现对异构基础设施、分层立体网络、跨域多维资源、定制化业务服务的综合调度管理,管控对象多样,关系错综复杂,管控的协同性和高效性直接影响网络的服务能力。针对以上问题,基于网络为本、星网协同的理念,探索星座、网络、业务的协同管控机制,提出星地融合网络运行管控的总体架构,并详细设计管控中心功能,规划典型运行管理流程,分析其在巨型星座在轨管理和大尺度跨域网络管理等方面的适用性,为星地融合网络运行管控系统建设和系统运行管理提供技术支撑。

空间信息网络时变图建模方法

空间信息网络是星地融合网络中一个重要组成部分,其拓扑具有时变性和可预测性。采用一个合适的时变图模型来表征时变的空间信息网络,对于空间信息网络性能分析至关重要。首先阐述了空间信息网络的特性,然后介绍了多种空间信息网络时变图模型的建模方法,包括快照序列图、时间扩展图、存储时间聚合图和多功能时间扩展图,并且分析了它们的特征和优缺点,为6G星地融合网络的研究奠定基础,为网络性能分析提供了理论支撑。

星地融合下的手机直连关键技术研究

当前,大众用户和行业用户对星地融合通信的需求不断演进,以实现无缝覆盖与随时随地接入,集成卫星和地面通信能力将是未来手机终端的发展方向。首先介绍了手机直连的应用场景、国内外发展路径和相关技术方案;其次,针对3GPP NTN标准化技术方案,分析了实现手机直连的组网架构和空口关键技术方案,并探讨了卫星通信场景下多模终端在天线能力、语音能力及节能方面的需求及潜在改进方案;最后阐述了手机直连频谱资源及挑战,为星地融合手机直连终端通信设计提供参考。