Enhanced wide-angle third-harmonic generation in flat-band-engineered quasi-BIC metagratings

Nonlinear metasurfaces and photonic crystals provide a significant way to generate and manipulate nonlinear signals owing to the resonance-and symmetry-based light-matter interactions supported by the artificial structures.However,the nonlinear conversion efficiency is generally limited by the angular dispersion of optical resonances especially in nonparaxial photonics.Here,we propose a metagrating realizing a quasi-bound-state in the continuum in a flat band to dramatically improve the third harmonic generation(THG)efficiency.A superior operating angular range is achieved based on the interlayer and intralayer couplings,which are introduced by breaking the mirror symmetry of the metagrating.We demonstrate the relation of angular dispersion between the nonlinear and linear responses at different incident angles.We also elucidate the mechanism of these offaxis flat-band-based nonlinear conversions through different mode decomposition.Our scheme provides a robust and analytical way for nonparaxial nonlinear generation and paves the way for further applications such as wide-angle nonlinear information transmission and enhanced nonlinear generation under tight focusing.

Analyses of the endoreversible Carnot cycle with entropy theory and entransy theory

The endoreversible Carnot cycle is analyzed based on the concepts of entropy generation, entropy generation number, entransy loss, and entransy loss coefficient. The relationships of the cycle output power and heat-work conversion efficiency with these parameters are discussed. For the numerical examples discussed, the preconditions of the application for these concepts are derived. When the inlet temperatures and heat capacity flow rates of hot streams and environment temperature are prescribed, the results show that the concepts of entropy generation and entransy loss are applicable. However, in the presence of various inlet temperatures of streams, larger entransy loss rate still leads to larger output power, while smaller entropy generation rate does not. When the heat capacity flow rates of hot streams are various, neither larger entransy loss rate nor smaller entropy generation rate always leads to larger output power. Larger entransy loss coefficient always leads to larger heat-work conversion efficiency for the cases discussed, while smaller entropy generation number does not always.

Optimization of quadrature frequency conversion with type-Ⅱ KDP for second harmonic generation of the nanosecond chirp pulse at 1053 nm

A second harmonic generation system with two type II KDP crystals in quadrature is optimized for the nanosecond chirp pulse. The acceptance bandwidth of this optimizing scheme is close to 10 nm by using two crystals with slightly opposite angular detuning from phase matching and the conversion efficiency can reach 70% for top-hat chirp pulse at -2 GW/cm^2 in theory. The preliminary experimental results are obtained on the 9th beam of Shen Guang Ⅱ SGⅡ laser system, and the performance of optimization is partially verified.

Phase mismatching analysis of third-harmonic generation in BBO crystal

Phase mismatching for third-harmonic generation（THG） in barium metaborate（BBO） crystal is investigated in detail.Upon using BBO crystal in the TypeⅠ（oo→e） scheme,in the two independent planes （principal section of the crystal and the plane normal to principal section）,when the input second-harmonic beam deviates from the expected direction,phase mismatching occurs and the angle deviation produces different effects on the conversion efficiency.We numerically simulate these two cases of phase mismatching and identify the relation between the conversion efficiency and the deviation angle in the air.The computational results indicate that the phase matching tolerance in the principal section is 0.2°（in the air）,while the phase matching tolerance in the plane normal to principal section is 4.5°（in the air）.After conducting a lab experiment,the results agree perfectly with the computational results,indicating that the deviation angle in the principal section has a greater effect on the conversion efficiency.

Tri-profit electrolysis for energy-efficient production of benzoic acid and H_(2)

Electrosynthesis has recently attracted intensive research attentions and holds great potential in implementing scalable green synthesis thanks to more and more readily accessible renewable electric energy.

Experimental investigation of nonlinear process based on cSHG/DFG in PPLN waveguide

Effects of second harmonic generation （SHG） and cascaded second harmonic generation/difference frequency generation（cSHG/DFG） based on the quasi-phase-matching （QPM） condition in periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） waveguide were investigated experimentally. SHG conversion efficiency of -13.6dB and QPM bandwidth of 0.45nm were achieved using a 16.1dBm power of fundamental wave at 1550.4nm. Using pulsed all-fiber passive mode locked laser and tunable continuous wave laser, cSHG/DFG effect utilized for optical sampling was observed. Conversion efficiencies were calculated, and 11.88nm-wide QPM bandwidth was achieved through changing the wavelength of input signal. Conversion efficiency of cSHG/DFG effect increased linearly with the total injected power.

Studies on convergence and scaling law of Thomson backscattering spectra in strong fields

With the saddle point analysis method for the Bessel function structure and property, the convergence problem and the scaling laws of Thomson backscattering spectra are solved and studied in both cases that are for the plane wave laser field without and with applied external constant magnetic field. Some unclear points appeared in previous work are clarified. The extension of the method to a general situation for the laser field with an arbitrary polarization is discussed. We also make a simple analysis and discussion about the optimal spectra dependence of field parameters and its implication to practical applications.

Sixth harmonic generation of 1064-nm laser in KBBF prism coupling devices under two kinds of gas conditions

The conversion efficiency on the sixth harmonic of 1064 nm in KBe2BO3F2 （KBBF） at different gas pressures in two kinds of gases, helium and nitrogen, is measured and compared. In the both gases, maximum conversion efficiency on the sixth harmonic of 1064 nm in high vacuum is nearly 10% of 355 nm, which is almost four times higher than that in low vacuum. The maximum average output power at 177.3 nm is 670 ttW with the repetition rate of 10 Hz and the duration of 20 ps in high vacuum. It indicates that the sixth harmonic generation in high vacuum is more preferable than that in low vacuum.

Conversion efficiency of strained type-Ⅱ core/shell quantum dot solar cell

In this study, the conversion efficiency(CE) of a core/shell quantum dot(QD) with type-II structure is studied by the detailed balance model. In particular, a size dependent strain effect caused by the lattice mismatch is considered since the CE under the detailed balance model is strongly dependent on the band gap of materials. The results show that the strain effect has a very important influence on the CE, and the multiple exction generation(MEG) can significantly increase the CE, so it must be considered in such a low-dimensional system.

Continuation Finite Element Simulation of Second Harmonic Generation in Photonic Crystals

A computational study on the enhancement of the second harmonic generation(SHG)in one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystals is presented.The mathematical model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations,which partly overcomes the shortcoming of some existing models based on the undepleted pump approximation.We designed an iterative scheme coupled with the finite element method which can be applied to simulate the SHG in one dimensional nonlinear photonic band gap structures in our previous work.For the case that the nonlinearity is strong which is desirable to enhance the conversion efficiency,a continuation method is introduced to ensure the convergence of the iterative procedure.The convergence of our method is fast.Numerical experiments also indicate the conversion efficiency of SHG can be significantly enhanced when the frequencies of the fundamental and the second harmonic wave are tuned at the photonic band edges.The maximum total conversion efficiency available reaches more than 50%in all the cases studied.

时间位相调制对高强度三次谐波转换的影响

在惯性约束聚变研究中 ,为了利用光谱色散进行光束匀滑以及抑制KDP晶体等大口径光学元件中的横向受激布里渊散射 ,通常需要对激光脉冲进行时间位相调制 详细讨论了高功率条件下KDP晶体Ⅰ /Ⅱ角度失谐三倍频方案中 ,时间位相调制对三次谐波转换效率和脉冲频谱的影响 研究结果表明 。

高强度三倍频近场测量实验与模拟计算的误差分析

测量了高强度三倍频实验的 1ω光和 3ω光的近场光束质量 ,将测量和模拟计算所得到 3ω光近场光束质量作了对比 ,重点对模拟计算得到的 3ω光近场光束质量所存在的误差进行了探讨 ,分析了现有的模拟计算程序中还未考虑到的影响 3ω光光束质量的主要因素 ,建议在以后的模拟计算程序中再进行优化设计 ,并讨论了改善

高功率全固态激光器腔内倍频晶体KTP温度场的解析分析

在激光二极管泵浦的全固态激光器系统中谐振腔内有较高的基频光功率密度 ,非线性晶体采用腔内倍频方式可提高晶体的谐波转换效率。但是非线性晶体吸收基频光辐射也会引起内部非均匀的温升 ,导致晶体内部各点的折射率的改变 ,破坏晶体本征的位相匹配条件 ,从而影响了晶体的谐波转换效率。通过对谐振腔内非线性晶体工作状态的分析 ,利用解析的方法得出了全固态激光器中非线性晶体KTP内部温度场的精确计算方法 ,并分析了影响KTP晶体内部温度场变化的各种因素。所得出的结果具有一定的普适性 ,可以应用到具有轴对称形式内热源的其它热模型温度场的计算分析中 。

热透镜效应对半整块腔型中二次谐波过程的影响

二次谐波过程是制备高功率、宽波长范围激光的有效途径.在二次谐波过程中,晶体的热透镜效应是限制转换效率进一步提高的重要因素,热透镜效应对二次谐波转换效率的影响随着基频光功率的增大而加剧.本文理论分析了不同半整块腔型中热透镜效应对转换效率的影响关系;实验上搭建了两种腔型进行高效外腔倍频制备532 nm激光,测量其倍频转换效率随基频光功率的变化关系.对于平凹型半整块腔,在输入光功率为800 mW时,产生747 mW的532 nm激光输出,得到最佳的转换效率为93.4%±3%;对于双凹型半整块腔,在输入光功率为600 mW时,产生529 mW的532 nm激光输出,得到的最佳转换效率为88.2%±3%.研究表明,热透镜效应对双凹型半整块腔的转换效率影响相对较大,且随着腔内损耗的增加而加剧;相比于双凹型半整块腔,平凹型结构可以实现更高效的倍频转换.本文的理论及实验结果可在量子信息科学、光学频率计量以及生物医学等领域的研究中发挥重要作用.

CLBO晶体用于三次谐波转换的特性研究

讨论了ＣＬＢＯ晶体用于高效率三倍频的机理，从理论上分析了产生高次谐波转换的基本特性，对ＣＬＢＯ晶体在高功率激光装置中产生高效率谐波转换的基本参数进行了数值模拟计算，并与ＫＤＰ晶体三次谐波转换的特性进行了比较，给出了ＣＬＢＯ晶体产生高效率谐波转换的基本条件。

二倍频晶体温升分布对输出光场分布的影响

利用分步快速傅里叶变换和四阶龙格-库塔法,对具有一定温升分布的倍频晶体的二次谐波转换过程进行了研究。综合考虑了谐波转换过程中的离散、衍射、二阶、三阶非线性等效应,着重讨论了倍频晶体吸收光能后,晶体内温升分布对晶体内o光和e光的折射率分布的影响,定量分析了温度分布引起的相位失配量、输出光场分布、二次谐波转换效率随倍频晶体温度分布变化的规律。结果表明:在高功率倍频系统中,倍频晶体温升分布引起基频光、倍频光的相位失配,相位失配导致输出光场光强分布的变化以及谐波转换效率的降低。

CsLiB_6O_(10)晶体用于平顶高斯光束和高斯光束二次谐波转换效率的特性比较

本文讨论了CsLiB6O10晶体用于平顶高斯光束和高斯光束二次谐波转换效率的机理。对影响平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率的泵浦光强度、偏振分量比、晶体长度和平顶高斯光束的阶数进行了分析和数值模拟。获得了在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类相位匹配下,通过CsLiB6O10晶体时平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率理论值逼近于1和78.5％。得出在相同条件下,平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率大于高斯型69.1％的结果。

用于含高次谐波分量多谐振变换器的扩展型建模分析方法

提出一种用于含高次谐波分量多谐振变换器的扩展型建模分析方法。以五谐振元件LCLCL变换器为例,经合理的参数设计,其能同时传递基波和3次谐波有功功率,提高谐振电流利用率。该文首先阐述了传统基波等效分析法的建模原理和不足,通过将变换器的非线性输出单元用一个等效阻抗来代替,构建出扩展型建模方法。然后,针对电流连续导通模式和断续导通模式两种情况分别讨论,由此得到变换器的直流电压增益表达式。最后,搭建了一台额定功率为500W的实验样机,通过理论计算和仿真、实验结果的对比,验证了该文所提建模方法的有效性和准确性。同时,变换器取得了全负载范围内的软开关特性。其最高效率为95.46%,且在轻载下也能够保持较高的转换效率。

掺杂CLBO晶体的生长及性能研究

本文采用顶部籽晶泡生法进行掺杂CLBO晶体的生长及性能研究。分别掺入稀土离子Nd3 + 、Ce3 + 、Eu3 + ,均生长出透明晶体。通过测量掺杂CLBO晶体的荧光谱和定量分析晶体中杂质含量 ,证实这些杂质确实已掺入CLBO晶体中。对掺杂晶体进行了吸潮特性和倍频效应的研究 ,发现掺杂CLBO晶体的吸潮性能有很大的改善 ,激光倍频转换效率仍然很高。

聚焦对二次谐波转换效率的影响

利用ＫＴＰ晶体，腔外倍频１．０７９５μｍＴＥＭ＿（００）模Ｎｄ：ＹＡＰ激光，在实验上研究了二次谐波转换效率随聚焦透镜的焦距及晶体位置变化而变化的规律。结果表明：给定的晶体，存在一个最佳聚焦条件及最佳的晶体位置。