Construction and realization of the knowledge base and inference engine of an IDSS model for air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection

The knowledge representation mode and inference control strategy were analyzed according to the specialties of air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection. The constructing idea and working procedure for knowledge base and inference engine were proposed while the realization technique of the C language was discussed. An intelligent decision support system (IDSS) model based on such knowledge representation and inference mechanism was developed by domain engineers. The model was verified to have a small kernel and powerful capability in list processing and data driving, which was successfully used in the design of a cooling/heating sources system for a large-sized office building.

Field experimental study on the cooling effect of mine cooling system acquiring cold source from return air

With the increase of mining depth, more and deeper coal mines are limited by heat disaster. The cooling energy in deep mine cooling system comes from mine water inrush or ground cooling tower, but we cannot adopt the two methods because mine water inrush in many old coal mines in China is limited. What is more, the cooling pipelines cannot be put in narrow pit-shaft. To settle the problem above, according to the characteristics of Zhangxiaolou Coal Mine, this paper adopts the deep mine return air as the cooling energy for deep mine cooling system. In addition, we carried out cite test to extract cold energy from return air. Through monitoring the water quantity, water temperature of cooling system and air temperature, we got the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters during the cooling energy acquisition analysis and the effect of cooling system that the temperature and humidity on working face are respectively reduced to 8-12 ℃ and 8-15% through cooling. This research offers experimental reference for deep mine cooling which lacks cooling energy.

Initiative Optimization Operation Strategy and Multi-objective Energy Management Method for Combined Cooling Heating and Power

This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative optimization operation strategy of CCHP system in the cooling season, the heating season and the transition season was formulated. The energy management of CCHP system was optimized by the multi-objective optimization model with maximum daily energy efficiency, minimum daily carbon emissions and minimum daily operation cost based on the proposed initiative optimization operation strategy. Furthermore, the pareto optimal solution set was solved by using the niche particle swarm multi-objective optimization algorithm. Ultimately, the most satisfactory energy management scheme was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution U+0028 TOPSIS U+0029 method. A case study of CCHP system used in a hospital in the north of China validated the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the satisfactory energy management scheme of CCHP system was obtained based on this initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method. The CCHP system has achieved better energy efficiency, environmental protection and economic benefits. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Technical and Economic Aspects and Experience from 6 Years of Operating the Technology Using the Waste Heat from the Exhaust Gases of Heat Sources and 3 Years of Operating a Heating Plant in an Autonomous, Island Regime

This article is focused on technical and economic evaluation of more than 6-years experiences of operating the Waste Heat Recovery technology—the manner and system of flue gas processing generated in the combustion process in heat & power plants, cogeneration units, etc., which burn the gaseous fuel, primarily natural gas, or methane, biogas, geothermal gas, or other gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen. The solution proposes a more effective and non-traditional use of gaseous fuel for heating, the flue gases of which are processed in order to extract additional utilisable heat, with potential elimination of CO2 from them. Deploying of the heating plant in an island regime (OFF-GRID) enables definition of the benefits brought by the 3 years of operational experience and presents visions for the future offering the possibility to utilise the support energy services at the municipal as well as regional level.

Designing the cooling system of a hybrid electric vehicle with multi-heat source

In order to reduce the power consumption and meet the cooling demand of every heat source component, three kinds of multi-heat source cooling system schemes were designed base on the characteristic of power split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV）. Using the numerical simulation meth- od, the power system heat transfer model was built. By comparing the performance of three differ- ent schemes through the Simulink simulation, the best cooling system scheme was found. Base on characteristics of these cooling system structures, the reasonableness of the simulation results were analyzed and verified. The results showed that the cooling system designation based on the numerical simulation could describe the cooling system performance accurately. This method could simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and provide a new way for designing a multi-heat source vehicle cooling system.

Simulation of embedded heat exchangers of solar aided ground source heat pump system

Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.

某大科学装置项目工艺冷却水系统设计

介绍了某在建大科学装置项目的工艺冷却水系统设计,包括服务对象、系统形式、系统组成、水温控制策略、流量控制策略等方面的内容。简述了热回收型水源热泵在工艺冷却水系统中的应用方案,并对工艺冷却水系统设计后续可开展的工作和研究提出了3个方向。

冷金属过渡电弧增材制造高强钢过程中温度场的数值模拟

基于冷金属过渡(CMT)高频熄弧的特性,在双椭球热源模型的基础上建立了动态热源模型,采用ABAQUS软件建立了高强钢CMT电弧增材制造单道十层成形件的有限元模型,对成形过程中的温度场进行模拟,并与试验结果进行对比;采用模拟方法研究了层间冷却时间(30,60,90 s)和基板预热温度(20,200,300℃)对温度场的影响规律。结果表明:模拟得到基板表面距焊道中心20.5 mm处的热循环曲线的变化趋势与试验结果基本一致,波峰和波谷温度的相对误差均在10%以内,证明了模型的准确性。沉积下一层时仅对前一层起到重熔作用;在沉积过程中,熄弧端的峰值温度高于起弧端,而在冷却过程中,两端温度差逐渐降低。随着层间冷却时间的延长,熔池最高温度降低且熔池存在的时间变短,在冷却阶段的冷却速率增大但其增大的程度降低,成形件两端温度差降低,最佳层间冷却时间为90 s;随着基板预热温度的升高,熔池的最高温度和熔池尺寸均增加,最大波谷温度差先减小后增大,在基板预热200℃条件下,成形件的最大波谷温度差最小,温度分布更加均匀。

采用冷却塔补偿的地埋管地源热泵热平衡系统控制研究

采用冷却塔补偿来减少夏季土壤排热量的做法是地埋管地源热泵最常见的一种热平衡措施,但目前与其相适应的控制策略尚不够完善。在此,针对采用冷却塔补偿的地埋管地源热泵热平衡系统,提出一种以效率优先和热量补偿双模式运行的控制策略。这种控制策略明确了冷却塔与地埋管双向切换的条件,可以在保持地埋管地下热平衡前提下提高地源热泵系统的工作效率,并能够自动适应不同负荷特点的建筑物。

高温矿井深部热源分析与降温措施模拟研究——以南方某硬岩铀矿井为例

在全球能源需求不断增长的背景下,各类型矿产资源的开采速度正在加快。然而随着开采深度的增加,高温热害问题逐渐凸显。高温热害问题不仅影响各类机械设备的正常运行,还对矿井安全生产构成了严重威胁。笔者以南方某硬岩铀矿井为例,分析了矿井热害问题的产生原因及影响;通过数值模拟等方法,深入研究了该矿井的围岩热物性参数、矿井地温场及深部热环境等,分析了该矿井目前存在的问题,并提出降温技术方案。

喷雾降温系统中纯水液滴群蒸发域的模拟研究

为了避免喷雾降温系统中液滴沉降到设备及人体表面对工艺及人体热舒适造成影响,需要针对纯水液滴群蒸发域问题进行研究。本文采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,研究了喷雾降温系统作用下,不同热源温度、液滴初始粒径对液滴群蒸发域的影响,分析了室内温度分布及液滴粒径分布,探讨了室内热源温度及液滴初始粒径对蒸发域高度的影响规律。结果表明:随着热源温度的增加,热羽流对喷雾射流的抑制作用增强,液滴群的蒸发域随之增大;当液滴初始粒径增大时,液滴群的蒸发域随之减小,喷雾射流范围内的温度随之增加;液滴群蒸发域高度随着热源温度的增加而呈线性增大,随液滴初始粒径的增加而呈线性减小,当热源温度大于400℃,液滴初始粒径大于60μm时,其对液滴群蒸发域高度的影响较小。

喷油参数对螺杆式空气源热泵系统性能的影响

针对北方寒冷地区的稠油热水驱技术面对的问题,设计一台带经济器的螺杆式低温空气源热泵加热原油机组,增加油冷热回收系统,测试分析低温环境下热泵系统的制热性能以及油冷热回收对系统性能的影响。结果表明:油冷换热器可以有效帮助螺杆式空气源热泵降低压缩机排气温度,提高热泵在低温环境下的制热量和能效比C_(op),实现环境温度-35—43℃的稳定运行。有油冷热回收时,系统能效比最高可达3.74,油冷换热器最高能回收25.8%的热量。蒸发温度-24℃时,制热量可达350 kW。喷油量的增加对系统性能的改善呈现先增加后下降的趋势,油冷热回收回路存在最佳喷油量使得系统能效比最高。随着喷油温度的增加,压缩机排气温度呈上升趋势,系统能效比呈下降趋势。

基于热源量化的高温隧道动态综合降温措施研究

为了实现高温隧道降温措施动态化、精准化设计,基于理论分析和现场实测,依托某高岩(水)温铁路隧道,对隧道内的高温热水、围岩、施工机械、水泥水化、爆破、施工人员散热量及不同降温措施冷量进行了理论分析研究,并根据风流温度和能量平衡原理得到了不同工况下高温隧道的冷量缺口。结果表明:高温围岩和超高温热水是隧道内的主要热源,其中高温热水散热量比例达到总散热量的50%以上;洞内放置冰块产生的冷量较小,通风带来的冷量较大,但其冷量会随着通风距离的增加而减小,其衰减规律可用二次曲线近似表示;200 m^(3)/h高温热水理论计算得到的换热风流温度31.8℃与现场实测温度31.0℃基本吻合。本文采用的分析方法获得的冷量缺口可作为选择机械制冷和降温措施动态化设计的理论依据,也可为类似的高温隧道降温设计提供参考。

夏热冬冷地区空调冷热源配置的多目标优化

为实现“双碳”背景下清零建筑直接碳排放的目标,夏热冬冷地区建筑空调冷热源越来越多地采用空气源热泵加水冷式冷水机组的复合架构。其中,空气源热泵冬季供热,夏季与水冷式机组共同供冷。由于空气源热泵供冷能效较低,提高水冷式机组容量配置,尽可能使之分担更多的冷负荷,有利于降低系统供冷能耗,但系统投资也将随之上升。因此,有必要研究复合架构下空调冷热源配置的综合优化方法。利用层次分析法,计算空调冷热源系统的节能性、环保性、经济性、节材性等不同目标维度的权重,建立空调冷热源的综合优化目标函数。设计空调冷热源配置的优化流程,并以上海某办公建筑为例进行分析。结果表明,随着水冷机组容量的增加,空调冷热源系统的全年能耗降低,耗材生产能耗、折算年费上升,而碳排放呈先降后升的规律。多目标优化方法可以更好地实现各项指标之间的平衡,为相关研究及实际项目决策提供参考。

武汉某国际商务区暖通空调冷热源工程设计

武汉某国际商务区江水源能源站项目被评为湖北省2019年建筑节能示范工程,本文对该项目的暖通空调冷热源工程设计进行了介绍,阐述了采用可再生能源——江水为冷、热源、利用热泵技术为商务区提供空调用冷、热水的方案,介绍了冬季供冷的四管制设计思路,同时对空调水系统进行了设计,阐述了采用二次泵+一次泵变流量设计的合理性等;设计内容可为大规模商务区集中供冷供热的暖通空调冷热源系统设计提供参考。

利用冷凝侧回收热调控供液温度特性分析

针对某型液冷源供液温度波动较大以及冷凝侧热无利用排放问题,通过对系统工作原理和冷凝侧换热器结构等方面进行分析,提出可以利用冷凝侧回收热控制供液温度波动或实现供液温度的精确控制。建立了冷凝侧换热器的计算模型,并计算出系统冷凝侧空气进、出口温度、冷凝温度和冷却液出口温度等工作参数,以及在不同工况下的热回收量。结果表明,通过冷凝侧热回收的方式对液冷源供液温度进行调控,能够抑制供液温度波动,避免压缩机频繁启停,提高液冷源工作稳定性;冷凝侧热回收时,最大冷却液旁通流量为总流量的50%左右最为合适,并总结了系统制冷量与总热负荷能够实现平衡的工况区域。研究结论结果可为相关领域冷凝侧热利用提供参考。

基于复合式热源的天棚辐射供暖系统在住宅中的应用

在我国实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的大背景下,为响应南方地区人民对冬季供暖的热切呼声,亟待探索出适合南方地区气候特点同时又兼顾经济性、环保性的住宅供暖方式。以南方地区某新建住宅小区为例,对该区域住宅小区集中供暖系统不同热源形式进行了分析比选。详细介绍了地源热泵与风冷热泵联合供暖的热源方案比选思路、系统设置及运行原理,重点对这两种热源不同搭配比例下的经济性进行了对比分析;总结了该系统能源机房及地源侧设计要点;介绍了改善地源热泵系统地源侧土壤冬、夏热量不平衡的方法;提供了天棚辐射系统夏季辅助供冷运行的判断条件;介绍了天棚辐射供暖末端在住宅中的设置方式及构造做法。

某肿瘤医院质子治疗中心空调通风系统设计

质子治疗使用质子束,其射线粒子质量很大,能对肿瘤区域进行“立体定向爆破”,对病灶区进行精准定位治疗,将身体其他部位功能细胞损伤降到最低,治疗效果良好,我国已越来越重视质子治疗中心的建设。介绍了某肿瘤医院质子治疗中心空调、通风、工艺冷却水系统的设计要点,根据设备工艺需求,提出了冷热源选取需注意的事项及节能措施,为该类医疗建筑的设计提供了借鉴。

建筑内热源滞后冷负荷监测模型研究

准确获取内热源实时冷负荷对于制定供暖空调系统节能调控策略及降低建筑运行能耗具有重要意义,而辐射热传递过程产生的滞后冷负荷是内热源冷负荷计算的难点,为此,基于围护结构蓄放热规律、热传递特性及传递函数原理等建立内热源滞后冷负荷监测模型,该模型为10阶传递函数。为了简化计算过程、提高计算精度,利用辐射时间系数对该模型进行参数辨识及降阶分析,最终得到2阶传递函数。建立试验系统对模型进行验证,结果显示,模型的平均绝对百分比误差为8.19%。内热源滞后冷负荷监测模型可依托能耗监测平台实现负荷的在线监测,对描述滞后冷负荷的时间延迟规律及幅度衰减特性具有理论意义,为制定供暖空调系统节能调控策略提供理论依据。

太阳能+空气能一体化热泵室外侧换热器气流组织及换热性能研究

常规空气源热泵在制热运行中,由于室外侧换热器冷风回流和迎面风速不均匀性过大,会导致换热性能恶化。为了解决这些问题,文章调整室外侧换热器结构并利用太阳辐射能量,提出了一种适用于公共建筑的新型太阳能+空气能一体化热泵室外机方案;建立了室外侧换热器数学模型,对常规空气源热泵室外侧换热器的气流组织及换热性能进行仿真分析,并通过实验验证模型的正确性;构建了涂敷太阳能吸收膜的单倒型和双倒型两种新型室外侧换热器结构,并对其气流组织及换热性能进行模拟研究。结果表明:单倒型和双倒型结构均能改善换热器迎面风速不均匀现象,其中双倒型结构改善效果更为明显,其外侧换热器和内侧换热器迎面风速不均匀度与常规空气源热泵室外侧换热器相比分别降低了46%和83%;在换热器面积、风机型号和数量相同的情况下,双倒型结构换热器空气侧换热量比单倒型结构提高了5.4%。该研究可提高热泵换热器换热效率,降低系统能耗,为太阳能耦合空气能一体化热泵相关研究提供理论支撑。